虚拟语气知识点

1、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。.陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。I am not interested in what you said.Have you ever been to France?What a splendid palace!.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，应请，命令，警告或劝告等 Let s have a talk.Don t jump in the queue.虚拟语气(The S

2、ubjunctive Mood )表示说话人所向的话不是事实，而是一中假设，愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于名词性从句等.If I were you, I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.虚拟语气I. 1 . if条件句的虚拟语气条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表如果假设的情况与事实相反， 或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形 式的。虚拟条件句有

3、三种情况。If条件句主句例句与现在事实 相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语+should, would, could, might+ 动词原 形If I had enough money, I would buy the house.与过去事实 相反的假设If + 主语+ had +过去分词主语+should, would, could, might+ have+ 过去分词If you had listened to me yesterday, you would have finished the work.与将来事实 相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式If +主语

4、+were to +动词原 形If + 主语+should+动词原 形主语+should, would, could, might+ 动词原 形If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.我要是处在你的位置，我就会帮助他的.如果我能年轻十岁，我会从头开始.如果明天去见他，我会邀请他到我家.如果明天天气好的话要是我们早来十分钟，我要去游泳.,就能赶上飞机了 .如果当时我有足够的时间就能完成作业了。 特殊结构的条件句：If it were not for，或If it had not been for ,”,前者

5、与现在事实相反，后者与过去事实相反。相当于 but for或without。例如：If it werent for your help , he could never go to college .要不是你的帮助，他绝不可能上大学。If it hadnt been for the captains efforts, the ship could have sunken.混合型的条件句按照条件句的谓语动词形式表，其主句和从句的谓语动词是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭配关系。但有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。 较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时(指过去行为)，而主句指

6、目前状态。例如：He would pass the test if he had taken my advice .如果他当时听了我的劝告，他现在就能通过考试了。If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now.如果我们昨天轮流开车的话，你现在会感觉好些了。如果她当时听医生的话，她现在就好了 .如果你昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就不会这么担心了.如果我是你那样意志坚定的人，我昨天就不会被那简单的伎俩骗了。If I were a strong- willed man like you, I wouldn t have be

7、en taken in by the simple trick yesterday.虚拟条件句的省略情况省略if的虚拟条件句：如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有 were, had和should时，可省略if,把were, had和should 放到从句主语前面去。Had you not helped me , I should have failed.Had it not been for the timely rain, we would have lost everything.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the game

8、.Should they refuse our request, we could show them this picture.如果没有 were, had和should则不能省略if,当然也不能倒装。2.含蓄的虚拟语气另外，虚拟语气还有其他一些表现方式，没有明显的虚假条件句出现，取而代之的是能表达类似意思的结构或短语。这种情况被称为含蓄的虚拟语气。例如： 用介词without （或with no）, but for等表示“如果没有。But for air and water , nothing could live .Human beings could perish without th

9、e other forms of lives.副词，连扃 or, otherwise, but, however 及 even though 等所连接的句子及其它含隐含条件 的结构。如： He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he would have come to the party.You could have passed the test, but you knew too little.解这类题的关键是要准确判断哪一部分用陈述语气，哪一部分用虚拟语气。【练习】1. If I ten years younger, I very happy.A.

10、 were, would be B. am, shall beC. were, shall be D. am, would be-You can ask your brother for help. -He is not at home. If he, I.A. is, would B. were, wouldC. is, willD. were, willIf you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A. followB. followedC. would followD. had followedIf he had

11、not missed the train, he there by then.A. might getB. might have gotC. gotD. had gotIf there were no subjunctive, English much easier.A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be-Did you catch the plane? -No, if I had hurried, I.A. wouldB. would haveC. couldD. didI didnt see your sister at

12、the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had comeYou didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drive, didnt getdrove, wouldnt get C. were driving, would get D. had driven, wouldnt have gotIf I out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.

13、A. didnt runB.shouldnt runC.havent runD. hadnt runIf you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A. have startedB.were startC.were to startD. had startedIf you to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.A. travelB.had travelledC.should travelD. have trarelledWha

14、t yesterday if you TV programme.A. would you do, hadnt watchB. would you have done, hadnt watchedC. could you do, didnt watchD. would you have done, didnt watch-Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?-No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.A. have, will beB. had had, would have

15、been C. had, would be D. had had, would bet for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.A.Had;not beenB.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be15. If you tell me all about it, I able to decide.A. would be B. could beC. wereD. shall betheir help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and m

16、ight even have starve todeath. A. WithB. If it were not forC. If it had not been for D. If notIf it had not rained yesterday, the ground muddy now.A. is notB. will not beC. would not beD. would not have beenYou any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.A. wont meet with B. would not me

17、et with C. would not have met withD. have not met withHe did his best in everything,he would not have been what he was.A. andB. butC. otherwiseD. but thatHad you listened to the doctor, you all right now.A. arewerewould bewould have beenII虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(一)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1.动词wish之后 1)过去式用来表示现在的愿望；2) “c

18、ould (would, might) +动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望，虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。I wish it were true . I wish I could live on the moon one day.3) “had +过去分词或could (would, might) +have+过去分词”都是用来表示无能为力 而过去愿望。 I wish you had called yesterday .How I wish I hadn t missed such a good chance.注意wish与hope的区别。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，而 hope后的

19、宾语从句要用陈述语气。但如果不定式做宾语时，则意思上无区别。I hope to see you. (I wish to see you .)。2.Would rather+从句,从句用虚拟语气，常用过去时表示虚拟，但有时用过去完成时表示 对过去的虚拟。我宁可让他明天去那.我宁愿她没有做这样的傻事.我们希望你不要在我们家里吸烟.3；表不提议、要求、命令、意志等动词的宾语从句中，可用“should do”虚拟语气，should可省。这类动词有：insist, order, command , suggest, propose, advise,request, demand, require, as

20、k, decide, recommend, urge, prefer,等。例如： The doctor suggested that he shoulsnot go there.The villagers demanded that their fields should be returned.The officer ordered that all the soldiers should nt fire before he gave the order.The teacher recommended that we (should)read the novel.*注意：有时候，sugges

21、t可以不作“建议”讲，而作“表明、解释”等，则后面的从句就不用虚拟语气。The big smiles suggested that he had passed the test.*同理，insist所“坚持”的内容也有所不同，有时候意思是“坚决要求/一定要(做某事)”，用虚拟语气。而有时候，坚持的是一个事实，不用虚拟语气。The old man insisted that he was strong enough and that he should be sent to the front.(二).虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用1)主句中含有上述动词 (坚决要命等)的被动式，如Its sugge

22、sted ( required, ordered, insisted, demanded, requested, desired )后 that引导的主语从句，要用同上的虚拟语气“should +动词原形” .Sould可省.例如:It is decided that a rescue party (should) be sent to bring the injured back.It is requested that we students should study hardIt has been suggested that the meeting (should) be put of

23、f.2) 主句中含有 important, natural, necessary, strange, advisable, better, best, desirable 等形容词, pity, shame等名词时，表示惊奇，竟然，惋惜，理应如此等，要用should+动词原形，如：It isimportant that we should learn English well.It is necessary that we should clean our classroom every day.It is natural that a mother should take care of t

24、heir children.It is strange that he should have made such a silly mistake.It is better / best that we should develop good habits.It is a pity that she should have missed such a good chance.(三)虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用在 proposal, suggestion, advice, order, command, desire, decision , advice,等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的

25、后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，可用或“ should +动词原形”虚拟语 气,should可省.例如： His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off.My teachers advise was that I (should)choose the less famous university but the more suitable major.The general made an order that all the soldiers should set off at onceIII虚拟语气在其它句型中的应用1. as i

26、f/ as though引导的状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句内容与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had +过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could +动词原形。He looks as if he were a foreigner. He talked as if he had been to many places in the world.虚拟语气在It is time that ,”句型中的应用在“It +is + h high或about) time + (that)主语从句”句型中，可用did型虚拟语气, 表示“做某

27、事的时间早完了或早该做了。 例如：Its time you went to bed.It is about time that I went and picked up my little son from school.It is high time that you got down to writing your papers.It is time that that we talked about our business.不可与 Its the first time that 混淆6It is time that you went to bed.It s the first time

28、 thahave been in this city.在if only引导的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用一般过去时表示与现在事实 相反的愿望；用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成 时表示与过去事实相反的愿望，常译为“要是 就好了 ”.If only you would listen to our advice.If only I had not been busy last week! If only she could marry me!Without electricity human life quite different tod

29、ay.A.isB.will beC.would have been D.would beWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it.A.breaksB.has broken C.were brokenD.had been brokent was urgent that he his mother immediately.A. callsB. calledC. callD. would callIt s high time that something to prohibit selling fake commodit

30、ies.A. must be done B. had been done C. be doneD. were doneD. would have beenD. wentThere was a traffic jam; otherwise I here on time.A. would be B. had beenC. should be6.I didn t goto the party, butIdo wish I there.A. wasB. wereC. had beenA.giveB.should giveC.be given8.I d rather you _right away.Al

31、eaveB.leftC.will leave9.It is required that youat six.A.will arriveB.arriveC.arrived7.The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students10. If only I how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had known B. would know C. should knowD. knewtwo weeks to prepare for the exam.D. would be givenD. to leaveD. would arrive-You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. Its very good.I wished I, but I was busy with my report.A. hasB. didC. wo