2011年职称英语等级考试综合类B级真题阅读文章翻译2015年职称英语真题备考

1、2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类B级） HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 2015年职称英语真题备考 HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 学派网职称英语团队原创翻译第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Travel Across AfricaFor six hours

2、 we shot through the barren（荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fo

3、urth, a beautiful leather notebook Id bought in a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring（咆哮）of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.And then the other things: dogs in the

4、streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was emptywe hadnt seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something moving close enough to touch them, to smell their

5、 hot breath. I didnt know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan: “Look!” but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape.When Daniel woke up an hou

6、r later I told him what had happened. “Wild horses?” he said. “Why didnt you wake me up, Sophia?” “I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds. ” “Are you sure you didnt dream it?” “You were the one who was sleeping!” “Typical,” he said. “The best photos are the ones we never take.”We checked in

7、to a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.非洲之旅我们在南非台地高原荒芜的沙漠穿行了六个小时。只有石头，沙子以及烘烤的太阳。知道我们的旅行即将结束，丹尼尔和我只是想把我们看到的以及做过的事情都记住。他用相机，我用文字。我已经写了三本笔记，已经开始写第四本，第四本是我在莫桑比克市场买的精美的皮革笔记本。非洲南部充满了故事以及风景。我们几乎沉醉在各种震撼的感觉中。维多利亚瀑布咆哮的水流，位于博茨瓦纳的奥卡万戈三角洲让人难以置信的宁静。然后还有其他的一些：街上的狗，索维托地区一大家人挤在离干净水源一千米的屋里。我们开车往太阳下山的位置行驶的时候

8、，一种宁静笼罩着我们。路是空的我们连着几个小时一辆车都没见到。正当我开车的时候，我看到了什么，它们离的很近，几乎可以摸到，也可以闻到它们热乎乎的呼吸。我不知道它们这样跟我们近距离挨着有多久了。我对丹大喊，“快看！”。但是他睡得很沉，他的相机在他的脚下，也没法用。它们和汽车赛跑了几秒钟，然后消失在我们身后，给我在这片红色的土地上留下了英勇身影的记忆。一个小时后丹尼尔醒了，我告诉他发生了什么。 “野马？”他问道，“索菲，你为什么不叫醒我？” “我叫了，但是它们几秒钟就消失了。” “你确定你不是在做梦？” “是你在睡觉好不好！” “典型的例子”，他说，“最好的照片就是我们没照到的照片。”我们住进了一

9、家满是灰尘的旅馆，睡得很死。第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Are You a Successful Leader?1Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. At work or at play, you will find yourself in groups, working with other people: you

10、r team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to make changes. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys

11、 to success, partly because we need to do it so often.2In almost every situation where youre in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless

12、group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings

13、in order to avoid more disharmony.3Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carluccio says, “True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens.” Theyre people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders

14、, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders dont make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to wor

15、k towards a common goal.4Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to

16、 be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow al

17、l members of the group to contribute.你是个成功的领导者吗？这个世界上几乎没有什么东西是单独一个人完成的。不管是在工作还是玩耍，你会发现都是成群结队的，和其他人一起共事：工作中的团队，和同事开会，你的家人，和朋友度假，一组学生一起学习研究，去山上玩一天，一群需要换零钱的邻居。人们已经认识到能够和他人成功共事是取得成功的关键要素，部分原因是因为我们常常需要和他人共事。几乎每个团队都需要一个有技巧的领导。所有的团队都需要领导，并且每个成功的团队都有好的领导。没有领导的团队或者是领导力不强的团队几乎总是失败。没有领导的团队成员经常会觉得不满意或者是很泄气。时间都浪

18、费掉了，任务也没完成。成员之间经常有争吵和矛盾，因为没人来明确目标。有些人员比较处于支配地位，其他成员就消失了。经常有些成员开始不参加会议，为了避免更多的不和谐。有些人天生是领导者。明星厨师Antonio Carluccio说道，“真正的领导者是天生的，你在厨房一眼就能看出来。”好的领导者能将韧性、公平以及幽默感结合起来。尽管很多人认为有很多天生的领导者，大部分人现在意识到领导能力也能通过学习获得。我们专业的有经验的员工几乎能够将每个人训练成成功的领导。好的领导不会专横控制人们做事情。你可以学习如何让每个人都参与，鼓励整个团队朝着一个目标努力。我们的培训课程用一些活动以及技巧发展人们成为好的领

19、导所需要的潜质。自信对克服你成为领导产生的恐惧很重要。成功的领导也需要你保持冷静和睿智。你需要能够在压力下想出好的对策并且做出合理判断。最后，可能也是最重要的，好的领导需要很敏感，善于社交并且能够和各种不同的人群友好相处。好的领导力本质上就是影响他人的能力，好的领导允许团队所有成员做出贡献。第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. I

20、n many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile p

21、hone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such i

22、deas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment

23、. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of y

24、ears. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is som

25、e radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can

26、 be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.手机：挂断还是继续聊？如今数以百万的人在使用手机。在很多地方，如果不用手机会被认为不正常。在很多国家，手机在年轻人中很流行。他们认为手机不仅是一种联系方式有一个手机表明他们很

27、酷，和外界有关联。手机使用在全世界范围内的爆炸式的增长让有些健康专家很着急。有些医生担心未来很多人会因为使用手机遭到健康问题。在英国，关于这个问题有个很严肃的辩论。手机公司担心这种思想的宣传会产生负面影响。他们认为没有证据证明使用手机有害健康。另一方面，为什么一些医学研究表明使用手机的部分人群的脑细胞发生改变。大脑以及头部组织的变化迹象能通过现代的扫描设备检测出来。有个例子就是一个旅行推销员很年轻就因为严重的失忆而退休了。他甚至连一些简单的任务都记不住。他经常忘记自己儿子的名字。这个人在几年时间内，每周的每个工作日都要使用电话长达六个小时。他的家庭医生责怪他不该过多使用手机，但是老板的医生不这

28、么认为。是什么让手机存在潜在的危害呢？答案是辐射。高科技机器能够检测到手机里的极少量辐射。手机公司承认是有辐射，但是他们说辐射量很小，不足以引起担心。随着手机安全性讨论的继续，似乎最好的办法是不那么经常使用手机。需要打长时间的电话时，使用你的座机。仅在你真的需要使用手机的时候再用。手机很有用，也很方便，尤其是在紧急情况下。未来，手机可能会有一个警告标志，提醒你手机有害健康。因此现在明智的做法是不要经常使用手机。第二篇Excessive Demands on Young PeopleBeing able to multitask is hailed by most people as a wel

29、come skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering（浪费）

30、away as much as half of their time as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.Some young people are using an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to

31、 their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way fa

32、milies themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in（沉湎于）their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.All this electronic wizardry（魔力）is supposedly also seri

33、ously affecting young peoples performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinions of the impact of modern gadgets（小装置）on their performance of tasks, the great majority of young people gave a favorable response.The response from the academic and business worlds was not qui

34、te as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently nee

35、d remedial（补救的）help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the workforce need to be taught all over again, as they have become skilled.While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Pra

36、ise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way todays youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.对年轻人的过多要求许多人对能同时兼顾几样工作的本领赞誉有加。然而最近研究却发现，八岁到十八岁，被称为“多媒体时代”的年轻人在同时进行多种任务的过程中常常事倍功半、了无成果。研究认为，正像依次完成各个任务一样，这些年轻人仍旧浪费了一半时间。有些年轻人在学习时还同时使用着很多电子产品。在学习的同时，他们还在上网、给朋友发邮件、打电话、听

37、MP3或者另一台电脑上的歌。随着新产品的出现，他们的电子设备的数量还会不断增加。另一项调查还显示：封闭的自身孤立世界里的年轻人，他们与周围人越发疏于交流。这种“兼顾”甚至影响了正常的家庭生活年轻人到家后不再向家人问好，吃饭时也不同家人坐在一起。人们认为在电子产品中的如鱼得水还严重影响了年轻人的在学业和工作上的表现。但当被问及现代科技产品对于他们工作表现的影响，绝大多数都认为是都是正面的。然而不论学校公司都对此却没有好感。前者认为同时使用多种电子设备会影响儿童日后学习能力的发展，比如由缺乏集中力去完成任务而导致的写作水平下降。他们认为许多本科生都需要恶补学习技能这一课。与此相似，雇主也认为作为职

38、场新人的年轻一代因为能力欠缺需要重新培训。即使以上都是现实情况，也必须承认今天的年轻人被寄予越来越高的期望，实际上是太高了。他们能够应对老一辈对他们的任何要求，对此我们更应该赞许而非批评。36What is probably true about the multitasking Generation M?AThey feel they are more efficient than others.BThey waste more time than they should spend.CThey put more energy on important tasks.DThey need to

39、 improve their analytical skills.37With the introduction of new gadgets, what happens to the Generation Ms present e-devices?AThey give way to the latest.BThey are quickly put aside.CThey are sold to their friends.DThey become part of their collection.38Multitasking makes the Generation MAfeel lonel

40、y and pitiful.Bselfish and aggressive.Cdistant to their family.Dsilent and sad.39The academics feel that many undergraduates badly need toAadjust their social attitudes.Bseek psychological assistance.Cimprove their study skills.Dtake more business courses.40What attitude should the older generation

41、adopt towards the multitasking youth?ACritical.BThankful.CNegative.DSupportive.第三篇Three Ways to Become More CreativeMost people believe they dont have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isnt always co

42、nnected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time routinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.This technique involves taking

43、 unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc.

44、 Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.Imagine that normal limitations dont exist. You have as much time/space/money, et

45、c. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If, for example, your goal is to learn to ski（滑雪）, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every M

46、onday in January.Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators(谈判者) use this technique in business, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why cant she get it? What changes m

47、ust she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people, put yourself “in their shoes”. The best fishermen think like fish!变得更有创造性的三种方式大多数人认为他们没有多少想象力。他们错了。每个人都有想象力，但是我们大多数人在成年之后，忘了怎么去想象。创造力并不总是和大量的艺术以及思想联系在一起。人们在工作或者是在业余时间通常都会想一些有创意的方式来解决问题。或许你有个目标要完成，一个棘手的

48、问题要回答或者你只是想扩散你的思维。这里有三个技巧能帮助你。这个技巧涉及到捕捉不相关的思想，并且努力寻找他们之间的联系。首先，想想你要解决的问题或者你需要做的工作。然后寻找一个图像，一句话，一个想法或者一个物体，比如一根蜡烛。写下所有和蜡烛相关的想法或者语言：光、火、火柴、蜡、夜晚以及安静等等。尽可能多想一些。下一阶段就是将这些想法跟你要做的工作联系起来。所以想想你要给你的朋友买一个新颖的礼物，你可以给他买一张比赛门票或者晚上带他出去。想象一下一些常规的限制并不存在。你有你所需要的时间、场所以及金钱。想一想你的目标以及新的可能性。比如如果你的目标是去学滑雪，你现在可以在你生命中的每一天都练习滑

49、雪（因为你有的是时间和金钱）。现在，让这个和现实相适应。或许你可以在十二月份的每一天都练习滑雪，或者在一月份的每个周一。从不同的角度考虑现状。好的谈判者在商业中运用这一技巧，作家也是。小说家经常想象着他们是书中的角色。他们自己问问题：“这个角色需要什么？她得不到什么？为了得到她所想要的，她需要做什么？她的梦想是什么？” 如果你的目标涉及到他人，设身处地从他们的角度想一想。最牛的渔民会像鱼一样思考！第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。Flying into Histor

50、yWhen you turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities（名人）are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. Eighty years ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans. (46) Many histor

51、ians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities, or superstars.Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnesota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a degree in engineering

52、. At the age of 20,however,the allure（诱惑）of flying captured Lindberghs imagination. He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot. (47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts（空中特技）.In 1924, Lindbergh became more seriou

53、s about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St. Louis, Missouri. (48)During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous a- wa

54、rd to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize was worth$ 25,000 a large amount even by todays standards.Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. Working with an av

55、iation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized（定制的）airplane that could make the journey. (49)On May 20,1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip（简易机场）outsid

56、e Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape（热烈的）parade held to celebrate his accomplishment

57、. He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration. (50) A very popular dance was even named for Charles Lindberghthe Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is kept at the Smithsonian Institutes National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.飞入历史当你打开电视或者读一本杂志的时候，

58、你会发现到处都是名人。尽管现在名人和媒体在我们的生活中扮演很重要的角色，但是它并不一直是这样的。80年前，收音机以及电影刚刚开始在美国有着类似的影响。很多历史学家认为查尔斯林德伯格就是最早时期的名人或者巨星之一。林德伯格1902年出生于底特律的密歇根，但是他在明尼苏达州的小瀑布镇长大。他还是小孩的时候，对一些东西是怎么运作的很感兴趣，所以他读大学的时候，学的是工程专业。然而他20岁的时候，飞翔的诱惑俘虏了他的想象。他退学并搬到了内布拉斯加州，学习如何成为一名飞行员。很快，林德伯格买了一架属于自己的飞机，并且在全国表演空中特技。1924年，林德伯格对飞行的态度变得严肃起来。他加入了美国军队，毕业

59、的时候飞行课获得第一名。林德伯格利用这一额外的训练获得了一份航空邮件飞行员的工作，在密苏里州的圣路易斯飞来飞去。在同一时期，一个叫做Raymond Orteig的有钱饭店老板拿出丰厚的奖金，奖励第一个从纽约飞到法国巴黎，中间不停歇的飞行员。奥泰格奖奖金2.5万美金，即使以今天的标准来看也很丰厚。林德伯格知道他有具备完成这次飞行的技术，但是并不是每架飞机都能飞那么长那么远。他和位于加利福尼亚圣地亚哥的一家航空公司合作，再加上圣路易斯的资金帮助，林德伯格拿到了定制的可以完成这趟飞行的飞机。1927年5月20日，查尔斯林德伯格从纽约的罗斯福机场出发，第二天到达了巴黎外的一个简易机场。为了向赞助的城市

60、致敬，飞机被命名为圣路易斯的精神，它带着林德伯格穿过大西洋，并被载入记录。他成为了全国的英雄以及巨星。当他返回美国的时候，林德伯格骑马参加了为他举行的游行来庆祝他的成就。他也获得了美国军人最高奖章荣誉奖章。甚至有一个以查尔斯林德伯格命名的非常流行的舞蹈，叫做林迪舞。如今，圣路易斯的精神这架飞机由华盛顿的史密森学会国家航空航天博物馆保管。第6部分：完形填空（第5165题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Sport or Spectacle?Muhammad Ali is probably the most famous sports figu