Fragments不完整句讲解(实用)课件

1、Fragment不完整句第1页，共19页。 Every sentence must have a subject and a verb and must express a complete thought. A word group that lacks a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought is a fragment. Following are the most common types of fragments that people write.Fragment第2页，共19页。Dependent-wo

2、rd fragments 从属词不完整句-ing and to fragments 现在分词和不定式不完整句Added-detail fragments 附加细节不完整句Missing-subject fragments 主语缺位不完整句Fragment第3页，共19页。Dependent-word fragmentsSome word groups that begin with a dependent word are fragments. Following is a list of common dependent words.第4页，共19页。从属词:after/although/t

3、hough/as/because/before/even though/how/if/even if/ in order that/since/that/so that/unless/until/what/whatever/when/whenever/where/wherever/whether/which/whichever/while/who/whoseDependent Words第5页，共19页。Also, one in plumbing.what/whatever/when/whenever/Then eats more junk food, like root beer and c

4、ookies, for lunch.Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday trying to find her dog Bo.Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence.like/including/such asWhen to appears at or near the start of a word group, a fragment sometimes results:Not expecting anything special

5、.I wont leave the house until I hear from you.Added-detail fragments lack a subject and a verb.现在分词和不定式不完整句Not expecting anything special.Added-detail fragments lack a subject and a verb.Dependent Words-ing and to fragmentsA word group that lacks a subject or a verb and does not express a complete t

6、hought is a fragment.现在分词结构做表示伴随或结果的状语.After I cashed my paycheck, I treated myself to dinner.At the Chinese restaurant, Tim used chopsticks to impress his date.Add a subject and change the ing verb part to the correct form of the verb.Such fragments often lack a subject and part of the verb.Ellen w

7、alked all over the neighborhood yesterday.Alicia loved getting wedding presents but hated writing thank-you notes.Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday.Dependent WordsAfter I cashed my paycheck, I treated myself to dinner.like/including/such as现在分词结构位于主句之后,前面需加逗号的通常有两种情况:Following are the

8、 most common types of fragments that people write.Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence.I wont leave the house until I hear from you.Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday trying to find her dog Bo.Added-detail fragmentsDependent-word fragmentsExamples:Aft

9、er I cashed my paycheck. I treated myself to dinner.After I cashed my paycheck, I treated myself to dinner.I wont leave the house. Until I hear from you.I wont leave the house until I hear from you.第6页，共19页。How to correct ?1.Attaching it to the sentence that comes after it or the sentence that comes

10、 before it: I wont leave the house until I hear from you. (This fragment has been attached to the sentence that comes before it.)2.Simply to eliminate the dependent word by rewriting the sentence: I cashed my paycheck and then treated myself to dinner. I will wait to hear from you.第7页，共19页。-ing and

11、to fragmentsWhen an ing word appears at or near the start of a word group, a fragment may result. Such fragments often lack a subject and part of the verb.第8页，共19页。Examples:1. Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterday. Trying to find her dog Bo. Ellen walked all over the neighborhood yesterda

12、y trying to find her dog Bo.2. We sat back to watch the movie. Not expecting anything special. We sat back to watch the movie. We didnt expect anything special.-ing and to fragments第9页，共19页。How to correct ing fragments ?1.Attach the fragment to the sentence that comes before it or the sentence that

13、comes after it, whichever makes sense.2.Add a subject and change the ing verb part to the correct form of the verb.3.Change being to the correct form of the verb be (am, is, are, was, were )第10页，共19页。-ing and to fragments现在分词结构位于主句之后,前面需加逗号的通常有两种情况:1. 现在分词及其短语作非限制性定语,表示对 先行词的进一步解释与说明He was a great r

14、ealist, writing about ordinary men and women in their misfortunes.2. 现在分词结构做表示伴随或结果的状语.He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after. 注: 表目的的现在分词放主句之后时前面不用逗号.第11页，共19页。How to correct to fragments?1. When to appears at or near

15、the start of a word group, a fragment sometimes results: e.g. At the Chinese restaurant, Tim used chopsticks. To impress his date. He spent one hour eating a small bowl of rice. 2. The second word group is a fragment and can be corrected by adding it to the preceding sentence: e.g. At the Chinese re

16、staurant, Tim used chopsticks to impress his date. 第12页，共19页。Added-detail fragmentsAdded-detail fragments lack a subject and a verb. They often begin with one of the following words:also/especially/except/for examplelike/including/such as 第13页，共19页。Added-detail fragmentsExamples:1.Before a race, I e

17、at starchy foods. Such as bread and spaghetti. The carbohydrates provide quick energy.Before a race, I eat starchy foods such as bread and .2. Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics. Also, one in plumbing. He wants to save money .Also, he is taking one in plumbing.第14页，共19页。How to correct ?1

18、. Attach the fragment to the complete thought that precedes it.2. Add a subject and a verb to the fragment to make it a complete sentence. 3. Insert the fragment within the preceding sentence. 第15页，共19页。Missing-subject fragmentsExamples:1. Alicia loved getting wedding presents. But hated writing thank-you notes. Alicia loved getting wedding presents but hated writing thank-you notes.2. Mickey has orange soda and potato chips for breakfast. Then eats more junk food,