2018考研英语二模拟试卷及答案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业英语（二）模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again.

2、 On November 29th Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its use

3、rs trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America.The regulators findings come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year

4、 that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Face

5、book had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 .The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken

6、the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebooks boss, tried to 17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social networks “good history” on privacy. The FTC is not relying

7、 on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the pa

8、st couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of r

9、oom to innovate. 1. A setting B playing C lightingD turning2. A craft B documentary C trade D draft3. A verdicts B allegations C rumors D affirmation4. A boasts B exaggerates C estimates D assesses5. A impulse B initiative C innovation D motion6. A increase B elevation C rise D appearance7. A indisp

10、ensable B essential C critical D fundamental8. A steer B clear C layD remove9. A controversy B competition C dispute D compromise10. A despite B given C although D hence11. A unveiled B discovered C exposed D revealed12. A violatedB assaulted C resisted D betrayed13. A informedB entrust C imparted D

11、 confided14. A availableB retrievable C reversible D inaccessible15. A constitute B correspond C confirm D conceive16. A involvesB strikes C embarrasses D attacks17. A turn down B cut down C play down D bring down18. A overshadowing B overlooking C overtaking D overthrowing19. A expert B external C

12、formal D automatic20. A andB but C thus D despiteSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections :Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, Cal

13、ifornia. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours drive.Hollywood becomes the center of national attention

14、one evening a yearAcademy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony,

15、 but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program.Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offer

16、ed much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble.The industry adjuste

17、d itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also beg

18、an producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie indus

19、try according to the passage? A A famous part of Los Angeles B Favorable natural and traffic conditions C Natural scenery with mild climate and the shining sun D A great industrial base of AmericanWhich one about Oscars is correct according to the passage? A It is the name of a great film figure B I

20、t is given to World Academy Award in America each year C It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry D It doesnt produce until Academy Award night in each spring Why did many Americans like entertaining in homes instead of going to cinema after World War II? A Because the quality of film was b

21、ecoming worse and worse B Because Hollywood movies couldnt offer entertainment similar to television C Because the movie industry was in trouble for expensive production cost D Because TVs popularity made them enjoy without paying What does the word “zoomed” (in the last sentence of the third paragr

22、aph) mean? A Moved along very quickly B Rose upward into the air C Increased high in price D Moved with a low humming noiseThe movie industry tried many methods to lure audiences except_. A building commercial relationship with TV companies B improving its basic equipment C producing films with famo

23、us stars in low cost D offering types of entertainment different from TVText2The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt, with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.From the barren Arctic sh

24、ore of a village in Canadas far northwest, veteran observer Eddie Gruben has seen the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed. By this weekend the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea, but forty years ago, it was 64 kilometers out. Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahre

25、nheit in the past century, but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster, almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases, researchers say. In late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settlement of 900 Arctic Eskimos.As of Thursday, the U.S.

26、 National Snow and Ice Date Center reported, the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in Julyequivalent to one Indiana or three Belgiums daily. The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007, the year when the ic

27、e cap dwindled to a record minimum extent of 4.3 million square kilometers in September. In its latest analysis, NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007, including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Bea

28、ufort Sea, the arm of the Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska and northwestern Canada.Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few years, as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctics dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and su

29、mmer. The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate,” Meier said. Ironically, the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Nort

30、hwest Passage. Usually, impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.Observation satellites remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record. Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for se

31、veral months, and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again, leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice. Most of the sea ice will be new, thinner and weaker annual formations, however.At a global conference last March in Copenhagen, scienti

32、sts declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated, citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example. A month later, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years, not at the centurys end earlier

33、predicted.The word “retreating” (Line2, Paragraph2) most probably means_. A withdrawing B moving back C melting D treating againWe may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that_. A rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases B the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 y

34、ears ago C the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July D the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in JulyWe may know that summer melts made_. A some impassable channels covered by ice B no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice C thin ice become multiyear ice D

35、 the world climate change its characterWe learn from the last two paragraphs that_. A scientists predicted future climate changes accurately B the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record C the future ice may be annually formed thinness D Arctic summers couldnt be ice-free unt

36、il next centuryWhich of the following is the best title for this text? A Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size B Arctic ice disappears under summer sun C Why Arctic ice disappears soon D Arctic ice closely relates to climate changesText3The classic American identity theft scam works like this: the

37、thief convinces some bank or credit card company hes actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name. Once you discover and report this, youre not liable for money the bank lost, but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter

38、out. Bear in mind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank hes you”, Im not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother. No, all thats necessary to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number,

39、 or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.Why are lenders so careless with their money? The snarky answer is: because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail” entered our vocabulary. I became an iden

40、tity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my

41、 salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars worth of my time and wasnt entitled to a penny in damages.It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didnt they? Because that wou

42、ld take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase!” From the lenders pe

43、rspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer” market.But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to? The supreme court of the state of Maine is currently pondering that question. In March 200

44、8 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth some

45、thing too.Its too early to know how the court will rule, but Ill make a prediction anyway: nothing will change from the consumers perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subs

46、equent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.After suffering from identity theft, you_. A should pay for money the bank lost B are required to report to your bank immediately C have to assume the cost of getting your i

47、dentity back D wont have to take any loss caused by it32.Whats the real meaning of “too big to fail” in para. 2? A Leaders are so big that they couldnt fail at all. B Leaders wont pay for their loaning carelessness. C Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans. D America is big enough to solv

48、e any problems.33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about_. A Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft B The reason of companies effortlessness to help avoid identity theft C The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft D The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans3

49、4. The example in the 4th paragraph is cited to show that_. A Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims B Customers often suffer from identity theft in America CCompanies should be responsible for identity theft DCompanies often suffer from identity theft in America 35. Whats the aut

50、hors attitude to current solutions to identity theft? A DisappointedB Confident C ComplicatedD OptimisticText4 Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the

51、right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the e

52、lderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That does not mean that Americans are getting the worlds best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice ha

53、ve been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care”, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in

54、the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on whic

55、h all available technology must be let loose. With two decades experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain

56、 relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possibleand not officiously keeping them alive when there is no

57、hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someones life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had

58、 countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byocks writing style is not everybodys cup of tea, b

59、ut he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford

60、to spend to keep them going on and on.36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from A Americans failure to admit death as part of their life B doctors inclination to overtreat the patient C a culture that is obsessed with youth and health D a legal system