短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法

1、初中英语中短暂性动词万延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait 等。短暂性动词是非延续性动 词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如 come, go,begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend,get to know 等。一.短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用e

2、ver, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.（borrow是短是延续性动词）常与表示始于过去某一是延续性动词）常与表示始于过去某一是延续性动词）I have learned a little about Japanese. （learn现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态, 时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. （liveMr. B

3、lack has worked here since he came to China.(work是延续性动词）是延是延I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn续性动词）所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将 短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有：结束性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to

4、learn (work ,readrain)延续性动词be away (off), be out ofbe here , be in + 某地be in , be a (an) + n.havebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe out TOC o 1-5 h z go out.be upget up,keepborrow,knowget to know be deaddiebe lostdielose例如：His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather

5、has been dead for ten years.(T)My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)He has gone away for a week.(F)He has been away for aweek.(T)The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been o

6、n for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此 可以和表示一段的状语连用。如：) Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years.史密斯太太已有二十年没有离开家乡了。The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long time.这个小孩已有好长时间没来我家了。(3 ) I havent borrowed the books from the library for twomonths.我已有两个月没从这个图书馆借书了。二.在

7、 When, while, as引导的时间状语从句中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。when, while, as引导的时间状语从句都可表示当时，但也有区别。when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示短暂性，一时性的动作，又可表示延续性的动作。由when引导的状语从句其谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词。while只能表示延续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的 动作，引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性动词。as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延 续性动词连用。as和while 可译为 边 一边”，正当的时候”。例如：She came into the roo

8、m when (while, as) the meeting wasgoing on.(go on为延续，性动词词语)正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。(指一段时间)(2 ) When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暂 性动词)她来的时候我会叫她等你的。(指一点时间，不能用 while)I made many friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live是延续性动词)我住在北京时交了许多朋友。(指一段时间)(4 ) While ( As) Helen was reading ,

9、Jack was writing.(read是延续性动词)海伦阅读时，杰克在写东西。(指一段时间)三。(not) .till / until句式中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。till 和until这两个词的意思都是直到,引导一个表示一端时间的 状语，其后的介词宾语或从句表明这段时间的终点，用法相近，但在句首只能用 until o在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；正在否定句中，until或till可以和非延续性动词连用，这时，until和before 同义，not.until 和not.before 意思相同，表示直到.才，”在.以前不。例如：(1 ) My father kept workin

10、g in the office till (until) twelve oclock last night.我父亲昨晚在办公室一直工作到十二点。I waited there till (until) noon yesterday.我昨天在那儿一直等到中午。She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand为延续性动词)她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影He didnt go into the room until I returned.(go into暂性动词）直到我回来他才进入房间。Until （ 不用 till）h

11、e had finished their homework, they didnt go home.他们直到工作完成了才回家。（go home是短暂性动词） We can not leave school until （till） Saturday.（leave是短暂性动词）我们到周六才可离校。） I didnt finish reading that story till （until） yesterday.我直到昨天才看完那个故事。（finish是短暂性动词）另外，有些动词。既可用作延续性动词，也可用作非延续性动词，因 此，其肯定式和否定式均与until或till连用，但表示的意义往往不同

12、。例如：He ate until it was dark.他吃饭一直吃到天黑。（eat为延续性动词）He didnt eat until it was dark.他直到天黑才吃饭。（eat为短暂性动词）四。在可以用How long提问表示一段时间的句子中，谓语动作通常使用延续性动词。如：(1 ) -How ling will the meeting last? The meeting will last two hours.How long can I keep the book? You can keep thebook for two weeks.How long has she studied