英语主动语态与被动语态

1、关于英语主动语态和被动语态第一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.第二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态第三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月当主

2、语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态)第四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月When to use it? 1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行

3、者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2. 当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s.第五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月被动语态的用法:A note was passed up to the speaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is sp

4、oken by many people.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执 行者难以说出或不必说出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.第六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 The Structure is助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+P.P.) 第七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时： am / is

5、/ are being done过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时： had been done一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。The broken bike is being repaire

6、d now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。说这家工厂已经开张。He said the factory had been opened . 他The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。第八张，P

7、PT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.第九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;

8、3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.第十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语.

9、 by them.第十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him. 第十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is + 过去分词 People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green tea

10、ches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)第十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those

11、 machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 第十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月一般将来时的被动语态：will / be going to + be + 过去分词6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held b

12、y Tom第十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月情态动词的被动语态：must/have to/can等 + be + 过去分词8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time第十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月He rides th

13、e motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.第十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.第十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.第十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于

14、2022年6月2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词第二十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.第二十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月4

15、Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词第二十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.第二十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by th

16、em.第二十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.第二十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词第二十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They are goin

17、g to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.第二十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词第二十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports me

18、eting is being held (by them) now.第二十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词第三十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.第三十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月W

19、e had received many letters by the end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.第三十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They would have a party the next day.A party would be had (by them) the next day.第三十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting

20、things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌第三十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in

21、 time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .第三十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used第三十六张，PPT共八十九页，创

22、作于2022年6月7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第三十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some w

23、onderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us第三十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done第三十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月12.H

24、e can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken第四十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often

25、 talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them第四十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Answer right or wrong1.必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( )2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written

26、by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR第四十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月4.这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by

27、them.( )WRWR第四十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were

28、 making shoes in that factory.第四十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月四几种值得注意的被动语态变化带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice第四十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 一些特殊结构的被动结构: （1）感觉动词(hear, s

29、ee等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let, make等)改被动语态如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.第四十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月思 考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.is usually heard to sing English

30、songs 第四十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.is made to work was let to go 口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch)第四十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 help sb (to) V be helped to V. H

31、e helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. 第四十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.第五十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月三. 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直

32、接或 间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack.第五十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是: 1. 将间接宾语

33、(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。2. 将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.第五十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.第五十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Mum ma

34、de me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book.第五十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： We gave him some books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 第五十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月注意:约翰打

35、开了收音机。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.第五十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月必背！动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofc

36、ut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after第五十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 第五十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong, happen, ta

37、ke place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike.不用被动语态的几种情况：第五十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月不用被动语态的几种情况：2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正】Look

38、 at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态第六十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第六十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looke

39、d after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.这书卖完了。The book is sold out.第六十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.第六十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月知 识 运 用一、单项选择：1. Only thirty-eigh

40、t ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up DD第六十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on

41、 holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was givingDB第六十五张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 5. Mr. Johnsons story

42、 by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at D第六十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月二、请把下面句子改为被动语态1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedw

43、ill be held by Beijing第六十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen to play basketballEnglish is taught to us by Miss Deng第六十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月5. We shoul

44、d make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful. should be made to become第六十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。The computer club held a writing competition(竞赛）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for

45、 playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.第七十张，PPT共八十九页，创作

46、于2022年6月中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _

47、_(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）was told第七十一张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市）变主动语态 _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people ther

48、e last year. (青岛市中考题）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考题） The vegetables _ _on the farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown第七十二张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. w

49、as found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB第七十三张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, invent, ans

50、wer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedw

51、as invented was answeredis calledare written第七十四张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月5)Exercises:选择填空:Windows_ of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA第七十五张，PPT共八十九

52、页，创作于2022年6月4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C.

53、produced D. is produces AADA第七十六张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月1.Our school _in 2002.(开办)2.The young trees must_well.(照顾)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built w

54、as writtenwasnt builtbe held第七十七张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.wa

55、s fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed第七十八张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is made by people.3. Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4.

56、They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?第七十九张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月 用适当的形式填空 1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year.

57、 ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _

58、( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered第八十张，PPT共八十九页，创作于2022年6月Multiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finish

59、ed C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has riddenDBBA 3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B