英译汉试题中常见的重要短语及典型句型

1、的用法也适用于 less .相反的含义：例如：1)Johnisless quick-witted. 与其说脑子灵活。n 结构，得出英译汉试题中常见的重要短语及典型句型1.(1) . not so much.as(but) .与其说还不如说daringn(2) . not so mucht.as胆大，不如说他(but)说t.与其 说 还不如 2) Gee was lesselligentn aggressive. 与其说不如说他言行放肆。2几个不定代词的固定搭配：have none of: 不参加；不接受I will have none of your stu ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的

2、想法！He was offered a job but he said hed have none of it. 他有一个工作机会，但他说他不接受。none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only)None but the brave deserves the. not so much as.(=noteven)甚至于不，连也不. might as well . as.与其说还不如说例 1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象）例 2 ： It wasnt so muc

3、h his聪颖过人，appearance I liked as hisality.译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。例 3：Its not so much want to come but I jus the time.t I dontvent gotfair. 只有才配得上美人。She chose none but the best. 她只选最好的。She is nothing but a child. 她只不过是个孩子。译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。例 4：He didnt so much as say nk you after all wed done f

4、or himnone othern: （表示惊讶）不是别人，正是 (= no one else but)译文：为他干了那么多事，他甚至Its none othern Tom! We连都没有说一声。例 5：You might as well throw yourthought you were in Africa.moneyo the sea as lend it to him.none the +点也不He spent 2词+ for: 毫不，一译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意翻译时动作的对象）ks in hospital but注意：more .n .hes none the

5、 better for it.1) she is more beautifulsister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。n her他在医院里待了两个好转。，但一点也没2) Gee is more aggressive. 与其说他聪颖过人。elligentnMy car is none the worse for wear.车子一点也没有损耗。none the wiser: 不知情言行放肆，不如说以上第1)句是more.n 结构的一If we take only onece of cake,mother will be none the wiser.般用法，即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较；而第 2

6、)句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。因此要译成“与其说还不如说”。如果知道的。只拿一小块蛋糕，母亲是不会none to (在形容词或副词前) 不太；一点都不more.n 结构在上述 1) 2)两句中The service in this restaurant is none too fast. 这家旅馆的服务一点效率都没有。anything but: 除- 之外什么都（此处的 but 等于 except）决不(=not at all)I eat anything but (except) fish.除了鱼，我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook.她决不是个

7、好厨师。(即：除了好厨师，她什么都是。)anything of: （疑问句/条件句）一点点；（否定句）一点也（没有）Is he anything of a poet? 他有一点点诗人的样子吗？I havent seen anything of him lay. 最近我没有见过他。for anything: (否定句)（给什么都）不，决不道理Theres something to / in what you say; Ill take your advice.你说的有些道理，我会接受你的建议have / be something to do with:与有关I think Guy Fawkes

8、had / wassomething to do wiup the bridge.plan to blow盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。nothing but (= none but = only):仅仅，只不过We could see nothing but fog. 除了雾之外什么也看不见。for nothing: 免费的； 徒劳的；无缘无故的She got the ticket for nothing. 她到那。AllNo oour preparation for nothing! ven come to the party.为宴作的准备都白费了! 连I wont go there for

9、anything.决不去那里。or anything: （意味着还有其他的可能性）If Bernard wants to call me oranything, Ill be here all day.我一个人都没来。They quarreled for nothing. 他们无缘无故地争吵。make nothing of: (常和 can 一起用)不理解；不重视,轻视 (= think nothingI could make nothing of the passage. 我不理解这篇文章。He makes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a da

10、y. 他不在乎一天工作十小时。to say nothing of: 更不用说（= not to mention / without mentioning）Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building.三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。have nothing to do with: 与无关I have nothing to do with the accident. 我与这场事故无关。nothing if not: 格外地；非常地 (= very / much / extremely)He w

11、as nothing if not clever. (=如果会在这儿。要找我或什么的，我整天都if anything: 若有任何不同的话If anything, my new job is harder n my old one.不同的话，比旧工作要难些。新工作反而or something: 或什么的（表示说话者不能肯定）She is a stewardess or something.她是空姐或什么的。something like: 有点像，大约An airship is shd somethinglike a cigar. 飞船的形状有点像雪茄。something of a.: 多少有点，

12、有几分像，略懂hes something of a book collector.他有几分像书籍收藏家。something to / in: （叙述等）有些He was very clever.) 他格外聪明。nothing of: 无的部分；无的气质即制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。4“only + to do”意为“，结果却”，即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。例 1: They don ve to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover,There

13、was nothing ofinher behavior.气质。区别：all but 几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是but for 要不是举止根本没有淑女的perhaps,disappottheshowising.butt+从句：若不是译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、院或例 1：She all but fa heard the news.ed when she歌剧院买价格很贵的票，（如果去了，）结果却可能发现，所演的令人失望。例 2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议被取消了。译文：她听

14、到这一消息时几乎晕倒了注：此句中 a11 almost。试对比：but意为 nearly，5not more / -ern 与 no moreAll but the little children thought t the trip was exciting译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。此句中all but 意为a11 except。 例 2：But for the rain we shouldhave a pleasant journey./ -ern 结构比较：John is not better John is no bettern Tom. n Tom.好”，属于普

15、前一句表示“不比通的比较结构；后一例用了 no 情况就不同了。no bettern 相当于 as bad as，译文：要不是下雨，愉快的。的旅行本来是含义是两人一样坏。这里，“no + 形容词例 3：He would have helped us but+n”所表示的可以说是或副词t hetime.wasshortofmoneyatthe该形容词或副词的反意。例如： no richern = as poor as和一样穷译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助的。no bigger和一样小no later和一样早同样地：I have notn = as small as注 1)butt 引导的从句中

16、谓语用陈述语气。2)butt 有灵活的译法。n = as earlyas如：Nothing would satisfyt childbutt I place her on my lap(那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。) 3“名词+or+名词”结构中 or 后的名词是同位语，应译为“即；或者称例 1 ： Moreover,technology includes techniques, or ways to dotaken morensixcourses this semester.I have taken no more courses this semester.nsix前一句的含义是

17、本学期选的课不多于六门；后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调 “少”。上述结构与表示前后都否定的 nothings, as well as the machinestmay or may not be nethem.sary to applymore.n (= not.any moren)译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，more eager to 1earn about their又有所不同：例：A whale is no more a fish a horse is.（鲸和马同样不是鱼。）nwartime Japa are not wartimethe Japafailingsnarethe.

18、 (=As a nation，the French eager to learn about their failings any more n are.)另外，在某些结构中，单独使用 moren 也能表示否定概念：例 1：t is moren I canl.我简直不能说。例 2：My trip n sightseeing.游观光而已。6no more.作为一个国家，法国正如一样不积to Beijing is more极地从他们的失败中吸取教训。上述例句表明，no more.n 并不我去不仅仅是旅表示比较，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意义的用于否定时，n 后面的从句不用否定式，但译成汉语时要用否定式

19、。而与上述句型意义相反的是：no less.n，意为：“和同样是”。例如：n. (= not.anymore后都否定)n) 和样都不(表示前例 1 ： The heart is no moreelligentn the stomach, for theyHuman is no less an animalmonkey is. 人和猴都是动物。n aare both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。例 2 ： There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you而n

20、o less实在是”，例如：n 的意思为：“简直是，1) It is no lessn blacktoask such a high price. 如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。take, any moren they can limithow much water you drink译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样2) It is no lessn a scandal. 这实在是一件。7not nearly (=by no means，far from) 远不例 1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough

21、 to match this,例3： MoreandmoreAfro-Americans see him as a trickyenemy who has no more love forthemn he has for the Congolesewhia crisiseanst we are headingohe matter of producing and译文：越来越多的个诡计多端的敌人。他认识到他是，正像* food.译文：食品供应将远远赶不上他刚果人民一样。(直译：，他不爱，正像他不爱刚果人一样。)的增长，这就意味着。在粮食的生产和购销方注释：not.any morenno是more

22、.例如：n 的一种强调形式。注：1) this 是指上面提到的“到 21 世世界将增加到 60 亿或 70 亿”。2)又如： There are not nearly enough people here to do the job(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)8“更不用说”的表示法：1) Jack is no moreJohn. (=Jack is notelligentelligentnanymoren John.)与一样都不聪明。2) A man can no more flyn amuch lessstill lessbird can speak. (=A man cannot

23、fly以上两短语引导的词组或从句，表示一any moren a bird can speak.)种追加的否定，less 是由 little 的人，不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。3) As a nation, the French are no所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，可译为“更不用说，更不必说”。例 8 ： I dont know algebra or geometry，not to mention calculus译文：我连代数、几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。to say nothing of not to speak of not to mention let alone这四个词组也

24、意为例 9：A11 they have tos press“更不用说”，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与 much less 和 still less 有所不同。这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定，即前一句是肯定，则追加的也是肯定意义；如果前一句是否定，则追加的是否定意义例 1：I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.译文：我不能同意这种行为，更谈不上参加这些行动了。a button， and they can see plays, fi, operas and shows of every kind,not to

25、 mention political discusand the latest exciting football matcs译文：他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、歌剧和各式各样的演出，而且还能看到各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。例 10：I cant add two and two, let alone do fractions.译文：我连 2 加 2 都不会，更不做分数题了。注意：成语词典认为 let alone 只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的词典认为，该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如： 例 2 ： Heknowslittlelessofofmathematics,

26、chemistryandstill译文：他几乎不懂数学，更不用说化学了。例 3：I did not even see him, still less (= much less) shake hands with him.译文：我看也没有看见过他，哪里还谈得上同他握手呢?例 4：In old China, here was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.There were five peoplehe car, letalone the luggage and the

27、two dogs. 9nothing elsen 完全是，实在是例 1: What the man said wasnothing elsen nonsense.译文：那人讲的话完全是一派胡言。例 2: Your sucs was due to译文：在旧中国，几乎没造工业，更不用说电子工业了。机器制nothing elsen your own diligence例 5 ： Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.译文：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奋。10It i

28、s nott.butt.这译文：学了唱歌和舞蹈课，而且还不是说，而是说例 1: It is nott the scaleshe学了游泳和网球课。例 6：Att time they could notone case, and the balance differintheprinciplesconstruction or manner ofhe other, oftheirworking;afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.译文：那时他连普通生活都不能维持，butt the latter is muchf

29、iner oren theapparatus and of course muaccurate in its measurement former.更不奢侈品了。例 7：They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two 1ovely daughters.译文：他们有了三个好儿子，而且还有两个可爱的女儿。译文：这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和另一种情况下所用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前It is reportedt据者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。It is saidt据说11can

30、not.too.It iped ttt据推测据传看来似乎，好再也不It is toldIt appears像过分例 1: We cannot be too careful ofhealth.无论如何注意健康也不为过例 2: You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. 你开车时再也不过分。例 3: We can not be too faithful toIt is well knownt 众所周知It is estimatedt据估计It was po出ed outt有人指our duties.12other.不同于，非；除了例 l: Plants须尽力职守。n. 或 othern.It is generally acceptedt人们通常认为，一般认为，大家公认It is allegedt人们断言which refinecrudeores are often located in countrie