英语四级各类作文类型

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业专心-专注-专业精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业各类作文结构四级作文主要涉及两个方面：一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题；二是与人们生活息息相关以及有关社会发展变化的热点话题。从体裁来看，四级作文主要以议论文和说明文为主，主要包括图表阐释类、说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类和观点论证类，叙事类和应用文。图表阐释类作文结构图表阐释类作文一般需要考生描述图表或图画中的数据或画面，解释这些数据或画面反映出的裱花、现象或问题，并对其产生的原因、影响或存在的问题进行分析说明。例：Directions: For this part

2、, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:对表格内容进行描述说明出现这种现象的原因你的观点下图为2007年福布斯中国名人榜部分收入排名姓名姚

3、明刘翔巩俐刘嘉玲胡军余华职业运动员运动员演员演员演员作家排名1458996结构公式陈列第一段 概述图表1.From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that总述现象、变化或问题。2.图表中初期的数据或情况。3.However, 图表中数据或情况的变化。第一段 概述图表主题句：概括图表所反映的总体现象、变化或问题。扩展句一：概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情况扩展句三：概述图表中数据或情况的变化第二段 说明原因4.The following reasons can account for现象、变化或问题。5.First of all/

4、To begin with,第一点原因。6. What is more/Moreover,第二点原因。7.In addition/Besides第三点原因。第二段 说明原因主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。扩展句一：说明第一点原因。扩展句二：说明第二点原因。扩展句三：说明第三点原因。第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点8.From my point of view/As for me, “我“的思考或看法。9.可能的影响、问题或注意事项一。10.Besides，可能的影响、问题或注意事项。11. Therefore/To conclude,作出总结。第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点主题句：“我”的思考

5、或看法。扩展句一：第一点影响、问题或注意事项扩展句二：第二点影响、问题或注意事项结尾句：经常是提出建议或作出展望。参考范文Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?From the chart above we can see that athletes and entertainers earn much more than writers. Yao Ming, as the most famous basketball star, is the richest while the famous writer Yu Hua

6、 has lagged far behind.The major reason for this phenomenon is that athletes and entertainers get more attention from the public than the writers, and by taking advantages of their fames they can earn money through ads very easily. As we know, writers cannot be more popular than sports or movie star

7、s.Mayve some people think that this is unfair, for in their opinion, scholars should earn more than stars. But I dont think so. First, the stars salary is just an indication of their hard work and fierce competition; and whats more, the stars splendid career is rather short and many of them have to

8、retire even before their thirties. Finally, the stars bring us so much pleasure and fun, and release us form stressful life. To sum up, they indeed deserve what they have got.点评这是一篇图表作文题。文章第一段描述表格，得出结论：体育、娱乐明星收入远远超过作家。第二段具体分析了产生这种现象的原因。注意The reason for sth. Is that 结构，用来陈述原因。第三段进行总结，说明明星获得高收入的原因，指出他

9、们对此当之无愧。注意连接词First, whatmore, Finally,To sum up的使用，使得文章结构更加紧凑，行文流畅。附：图表类型作文开头描述句型1. As is indicated/ revealed/ showed in the above graph, there have been some obvious changes in.2. The above bar chart clearly shows us3. As can be seen from the graph/ chart above, it shows the general trend in图画类：全英文

10、提示+图片例题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 第一段：图画描述（细节描

11、写） （背诵图片描述通用句型）这是题目中明确要求的(a brief description of the picture)，所以你不描绘图画，或者是图画信息不全，扣分。描述的时候，你要把学生提问的那句话写出来，把老师教课的动作写出来，以及老师听到学生挑衅性的提问之后的表情，也要写出来。图片描述通用句型如下：As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe thatThe scene drawn in the above picture is thatThe picture symbolically illustr

12、ates that 第二步：分析原因或利弊等（提炼图画的内涵）（一、二、三列举原因）孩子对老师教的知识，确切地说，是对老师教授的基本知识、非实用性知识的一种质疑。所以，你可以在第二段分析一下原因：为什么学生，也就是现代人的代言，对这种不能马上用于工作的、带来回报的、理论性的基础指示和技能不懈？第三步：重申主题的重要性和做法(总结和启发)（呼吁并列举一至两点重要性） 分析完了原因之后，你要回到主题，那就是我们不能忽视这些基本技能，要唤起大家对“基本技能的重要性”的认识。所以，这一段，你可以正面阐述为什么basic skills 如此的重要，就可以了。 范文第一段 描述图片As is vividl

13、y depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that there are many students sitting in a classroom. When listening to the teacher, one of the students just interrupts the teacher and says “No offense, but by the time were in the job market, wont that stuff be outdated?” Having heard this ques

14、tion, the teacher stops demonstrating the Multiplication Table and seems to be quite shocked and embarrassed。 第一段 描述现象注意：图画类作文常用的开头句型 图片细节一：学生在做什么（直接引用图片中的话）。 图片细节二：老师的反应（动作、态度）第二段 分析原因、利弊或重要性The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that quite a few students undervalue the importance of learning bas

15、ic skills these days. Firstly, confronted with fiercer competition from society and employment market, students are more focused on practical skills which can be applied in daily work immediately. Moreover, they also fears that the basic knowledge and skills they learn today will be outdated by the

16、time they are in the job market。 第二段 分析原因主题句：注意套用句型，引出学生的态度：学习基本技能不重要。 原因一：竞争激烈。 原因二：过时第三段 第三段 重申主题的主要性、做法However, no one can disclaim the importance of learning basic skills. On one hand, it enables us to lay a strong foundation for further learning and exploration. In other words, those who have m

17、astered basic skills well are more likely to acquire other skills and knowledge with ease. On the other hand, basic skills are equivalent to the first step of success, as an ancient Chinese saying goes, “ A road of thousand miles towards the success begins with the first step。”第三段 总结评述主题句：重申主题的重要性 重

18、要性一：打下坚实基础 进一步解释前一句： 重要性二：成功的第一步谚语：千里之行始于足下说明现象类作文结构说明现象类作文一般是需要考生描述所给提纲中反映出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of The Celevration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 120 words

19、and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日。产生这种现象的原因。这种现象可能带来的影响。结构公式陈列描述现象1. nowadays/In recent years, 概述现象。2. 现象表现。3.In addition/Also, 进一步描述现象表现或变化。描述现象主题句：概括指出现象扩展句一：现象的具体表现或变化扩展句二：进一步说明现象的表现或变化说明原因4. Many different reasons contribute to 该现象。/T

20、here are many different factors决定该现象。5. Among them, 第一点原因或因素play/plays a critical role. 6. Moreover,第二点原因或因素。7. Besides, 第三点原因或因素或说明影响4. 该现象has brought great influence on影响对象。5. firstly，第一点影响。6.secondly，第二点影响。7. Finally，第三点影响。第二段说明原因主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。扩展句一：说明第一点原因扩展句二：说明第二点原因扩展句三：说明第三点原因或说明影响1.主题句：引出下文对

21、影响的说明扩展句一：说明第一点影响扩展句二：说明第二点影响扩展句三：说明第三点影响总结评述8. In my opinion/As for me, 本人对现象的总结或述评。9.具体作出评述.10 进一步作出评述.11. 作出总结。第三段 总结评述主题句：可能现象的发展趋势或利或弊评述，或是本人对现象的看法。扩展句一：具体评述扩展句二：进一步评述结尾句：总结全文（有时可以略去参考范文In recent years many Chinese people like to celebrate western festivals. Even some youngsters are paying （1 =

22、 1 * GB3 ）as great attention to Christmas （1 = 2 * GB3 ）as our Spring Festival.（2 = 1 * GB3 ） In addition, other western festivals, like April Fools day and Valentines Day, are very popular among Chinese people.（3）Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Among them, relaxing and comfortable atmos

23、phere from western festivals plays a critical role.(2 = 2 * GB3 ) Moreover, more and more Chinese people begin to learn English,（4） which provides them with more chances（5） to be exposed to western culture and festivals. （2 = 3 * GB3 ）Besides, many businessmen desperately try to boost the atmosphere

24、 of foreign festivals to attract more customers.（6）As far as I am concerned, our paying too much attention to western festivals will（7） bring some side effects. The popularity of western festivals（8） to some extent has influence our traditions. （2 = 4 * GB3 ）Therefore, I suggest that people should（9

25、 = 1 * GB3 ） not（10） be immersed too much in the western festivals （9 = 2 * GB3 ）but ignore Chinese traditional festivals.点评意为“或.一样”，同级比较衔接词语使文章条例清晰、意思连贯。益处原因重用句式Which引导非限制性定于从句。意为“暴露于”。用于引出个人观点。意为“带来负面影响”意为“在某种程度上意为“不是.而是.”，连接并列结构。意为“过分沉浸在.中”。对策方法类作文结构对策方法类作文一般需要考生描述提纲中所反映的问题，说明问题的危害和解决问题的必要性，然后针对该

26、问题提出应对策略或解决方法。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Getting to Know the World outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:大学生了解社会的必要性。了解社会的途径（大众传媒、社会服务等）

27、.你打算怎么做。结构公式陈列第一段 提出问题1.提出问题。2.问题的重要性或危害性。3.Besides/additionally,进一步阐述问题的重要性或危害。4.Therefor/No doubt, it is very important/necessary/urgent for问题涉及的对象to learn how to解决该问题第一段 提出问题主题句：概括提出问题。扩展句一：指出问题的严重性或危害性。扩展句二：进一步阐述问题的重要性或危害性。结尾句：承上启下，表达解决问题的必要性，引出解决方法。第二段 说明方法5.The following ways are effective in解

28、决问题。/There are many ways which can be adopted to 解决问题。/The following factors play an important role in解决问题。6.Firstly, 第一点方法。7.Secondly,第二点方法。8. Finally,第三点方法。第二段 说明方法主题句：引出问题的解决方法或决定因素。扩展句一：说明第一点解决方法。扩展句二：说明第二点解决方法。扩展句三：说明第三点解决方法。第三段 总结评述9.As far as I am concerned/As for me,本人的观点或选择10.具体观点或选择依据。11.T

29、o conclude/Therefore,总结或建议。第三段 总结评述主题句：引出本人对该问题或解决方法的观点或选择。扩展句：具体阐述观点或选择依据。结尾句：作出总结或提出建议。参考范文Getting to Know th World outside the Campus It (1) is of great significance for a college student to know the world outside the campus. In this (2)fast-developing “Information Age”, college students must(3)

30、keep pace with the progress of the world.(4 = 1 * GB3 ) Additionally, by contacting the off-campus world, college students can have chance to more practical skills.(4 = 2 * GB3 )Therefore,(5) how to know the world outside the campus (6)is worth our attention.Many ways can be adopted by our college s

31、tudents to increase our knowledge of the world.(4 = 3 * GB3 ) Firstly, mass media, such as radios, televisions, newspapers and the Internet, are a good choice,(7)by which we can (8)be well informed about what is happening. (4 = 4 * GB3 )Secondly, providing volunteer services is an efficiently way to

32、 contact and know the society.(4 = 5 * GB3 )Thirdly, we can take part-time jobs to increase our practical experience.(4 = 6 * GB3 )As for me, I will try to create and grasp more chances to contact the society. In my opinion, getting to know the off-campus world is (9 = 1 * GB3 )as important(9 = 2 *

33、GB3 ) as improving academic performance.(4 = 7 * GB3 ) Therefore, I suggest every college student should(10 = 1 * GB3 ) not(11) confine himself to the campus(10 = 2 * GB3 ) but often go outside.点评（1）“be of+n.”相当于”be+adj.”。（2）符合形容词做定语，意为“迅速发展的”（3）意为“跟上”（4）衔接词语使文章条理清晰、意思连贯。（5）“疑问词+不定式”结构充当主语。（6）be wor

34、th sth./doing sth.意为“值得.”。7Which在定语从句中充当介词宾语。（8）inform是及物动词，一味“通知，告知”，经常用作被动结构“be informed about/of”.(9) 同级比较结构。（10）连接并列结构，意为“不是.而是“。（11）意为“将自己局限于”。对比分析类作文结构对比分析类作文主要有两种：一种是需要考生对比阐述两种观点或做法及各自的理由，人后表明自己的观点或做法并说明理由；另一种是需要考生对比阐述某事物的利和弊、好处和坏处或优点和缺点，继而表明自己的看法或态度。下面的结构公式是针对第一种类型来讲解，至于第二种类型，考生只需要在掌握第一种类型结构

35、的基础上进行适当变形即可。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:有人做好事期望得到回报。有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不

36、图回报。你的观点。结构公式陈列观点或选择A1.简述要讨论的主题，引出对其的的不同观点或选择/When it comes to 谈论主题，there is no complete agreement among people.2. Some people think/prefer to/choose观点或选择A。3.观点或选择的第一点理由。4.观点或选择的第二点理由。第一段 观点或选择A主题句：提出要讨论的主题，引出两种不同的观点或选择。扩展句一：指出一种观点或选择。扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。观点或选择B5.However, there

37、are many others who观点或选择B。6.In their opinions/They maintain/they point out观点或选择B的第一点理由。7.Besides，观点或选择的第二点理由。第二段 观点或选择B主题句：转折出另一种观点或选择。扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第一点理由。扩展句二：阐述该种观点或选择的第二点理由。第三段“我”的观点或选择As for me, I agree“我”的观点或选择。/Weighing up these two arguments/choices, “我”的观点或选择。“我”的第一点理由。10.“我”的第二点理由。11.There

38、fore/To conclude,作出选择第三段“我”的观点或选择主题句：综合两种观点或选择，表明“我”的观点或选择。扩展句一：阐述“我”的第一点理由。扩展句二：阐述“我”的第二点理由。结尾句：经常是提出建议或作出展望。参考范文Nowadays, （1）different people hold different views about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed. Some people think that a good deed should be given a certain re

39、ward. They say it is agreeable with the rule of fairness. （2 = 1 * GB3 ）Also, rewards can stimulate peoples enthusiasm to do good deeds.（3）However, there are many others who take Leifeng as a model and be always ready to help others without expecting any reward. Everyone may be in trouble.（5）Only if

40、 you help others unselfishly, you can get others help when you need it. （2 = 2 * GB3 ）Besides, they maintain that one can enjoy happiness in doing good deeds, （6）they think, （7）which is the best return.（8）Weighing up these tow arguments, I prefer the second one. （2 = 3 * GB3 ）First, being happy to h

41、elp others is one of Chinese peoples traditional virtues.（2 = 4 * GB3 ） Second, this virtue（9） is of more significance for the creation of a harmonious society. （2 = 5 * GB3 ）To conclude, （10 = 1 * GB3 ）it is every citizens responsibility（10 = 2 * GB3 ）to do good deeds without expecting any reward.点

42、评（1）用于引出对某事物的不同观点。（2）衔接词语使文章条例清晰、意思连贯。（3）转折出另一种观点。（4）意为“不期望任何火爆”，介词短语充当状语，注意此处without的用法。（5）意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。（6）插入语。（7）which引导非限制性定于从句。（8）用于引出个人观点，weigh up意为“权衡”。（9）“be of +n.”相当于“be+ adj.”。（10）固定句式：It is.for sb.+ to do sth.其中it是形式主语，不定式短语是实际的主语。论证观点型作文结构论证观点类作文一般需要考生按照提高要求提出论点，通过举例等方式论证观点，最后再对论点进行总结

43、。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:为什么说“欲速则不达”？试举例说明。结构公式陈列第一段 提出观点1. 通过背景描写益处论点或直接提出论点。2.论点中的道理或正确性表现。3.Besi

44、des/In addition,进一步阐述论点中的道理或正确性表现。/The truth of it is deep and profound./The truth of it is self-evident.第一段 提出观点主题句：提出观点扩展句一：阐述论点中蕴涵的道理或正确性表现。扩展句二：进一步阐述论点中蕴涵的道理或正确性表现，或是强调论点的正确性。第二段 列举论据4.There are numerous examples supporting this argument./Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument.5.A

45、case in point is 第一个例子。6. 进一步说明例一。7.For another example, 第二个例子。8.进一步说明例二。第二段 列举论据主题句：引出论据，开始论证观点。扩展句一：列举第一个例子扩展句二：进一步说明例一扩展句三：列举第二个例子扩展句四：进一步说明例二第三段 总结观点9.All the above-mentioned tell us that/It is no doubt that/Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that 重申观点。10.提出建议

46、或指出注意事项。11.To conclude/Therefore,总结全文，呼应论点。第三段 总结观点主题句：承接上文，重申观点。扩展句：提出建议或指出正确的做法或态度，呼应论点。参考范文Haste Makes WasteThe Proverb “Haste makes waste” has been widely accepted for many years. It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal we have to do it in a （1）down-to-earth way. （2）The truth of i

47、t is deep and profound.（3）There are numerous examples supporting this argument. （4）A case in point is the ancient Chinese story of （5）“Helping the shoots grow by pulling”. This story proved that the haste caused not only waste but great loss. （6）For another example, some parents and teachers,（7 = 1

48、* GB3 ） in order to improve childrens academic performance in a short time, tend to put too heavy burden on children. This, （7 = 2 * GB3 ） as a result, brings the children（8） nothing but great pressure.（9）All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldnt（10） be over anxious for quick results. Everyt

49、hing has its own （11）developing law. Therefore, （12）whatever we do, we should not pay too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.点评意为“脚踏实地”。意为“其中蕴涵着深远的道理”用于引出例证。意为“典型的例子”。引用“拔苗助长”的故事用于引出另外的例子插入语意为“只是，仅仅”。常用于得出结论意为“急于求成”。意为“发展规律”。引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”。叙事类作文结构四级写作中设计的叙事类作文一般是要求考生叙述一个时间发生的经过，如车祸

50、、生病或一次难忘的经历，然后谈谈自己的感受或得到的启示。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic pickpocketing. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:描述一下你在公共场所亲眼目睹的扒窃事件。谴责这种犯罪行为在构建和谐社会的进程中，人人都应该有正义感。结

51、构公式陈列第一段 交代时间背景、1.引出时间背景。2.进一步描述背景情况或概述事件的特点。3.有背景引出具体时间或说明事件的重要性。第一段 交代事件背景主题句：总数时间发生的背景。扩展句一：进一步描述背景情况或概述事件的特点。扩展句二：有背景引出具体事件或说明事件带来的重要性。第二段 叙述事情经过4. Now I still remember clearly引出事件/There is one thing that is still vivid in my mind until now.5.事件发生的事件和当时的情形。6.接下来的情况.7. 进一步发展。8.As a result/However

52、,事件结果。第二段 叙述事件的经过主题句：概括引出要讲述的事件。扩展句一：交代事件发生的事件和当时的情况。扩展句二：描述接下来的情况。扩展句三：描述事件的进一步发展。结尾句：说明事件的结果或影响。第三段 谈个人感受Every time I recall该事件，“我”的感受或得到的启示。/该事件left me in deep thought/gave me a significant lesson.10.第一点感受。11第二点感受。第三段 谈谈个人感受主题句：“我”由这件事而发的感受或得到的启示。扩展句一：“我”的第一点感受。扩展句二：“我”的第二点感受根据所给提纲的不同，考生要灵活运用结构公式

53、，不能生搬硬套。参考范文PickpocketingYesterday, I witnessed a theft incident on my way home. While waiting for a bus, a woman took her wallet out and paid for a newspaper at a nearby newspaper booth,. After putting her wallet back into her handbag she began to look through the new titles when a middle-aged man

54、brushed past her muttering “Excuse me”. Swiftly, her wallet was in the mans hand.The crazy pickpocketing has become a national epidemic and poses a grave threat to the residents and visitors property safety. Pickpocketing prevention, which is a tough task for police, makes senses. All sides involved

55、 in this problem must join their efforts to remove this social cancer.Everyone shares the huge responsibility for demonstrating their justice at proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious society.点评描述一次亲眼目睹的事实，一次引出全文的主题。Witness用词准确。Brush此处为动词，说明小偷推挤的动作想说子拂过般既轻又快，描述生动形象。含有讽刺意

56、味的Swiftly与句中的动词brush呼应，自然承接前一句。指出扒窃行为的危害，crazy，National epidemic和poses a grave threat to等词表现出此危害的严重性。Tough和句中的比喻social cancer意在谴责此类卑劣行径。最后两句话呼吁大家携手努力，消除扒窃，共建和谐社会，点明文章主题。应用文类作文结构四级写作目前考过的应用类作文包括：建议信、投诉信、竞选演说词、景点介绍和海报，另外，拒绝信、求职信、申请信、祝贺信、倡议书等校园生活中常涉及的应用文体也在大纲的考察非为内。下面列举10种易考的应用类作文结构：建议信结构公式右上角：日期左上角：称呼

57、正文：第一段：交代建议针对的背景时间，说明写信的目的；针对该事件提出建议，引出对建议的具体阐述。第二段：具体阐述自己的建议并说明理由。第三段：表达良好的祝愿和期望。右下脚：署名范文： A Letter to a Schoolmate June 20,2001Dear Xiao Wang,I am very glad to learn that you will visit me soon. Her I am writing to give you my advice about the arrangement for your coming holiday in Hangzhou.In my

58、opinion, West Lake should certainly be your first destination since it is such a famous and beautiful place. Then, I suggest you go to Lingyin Temple, Luhe Tower and Yuewang Shrine. Besides, if you have time, Qiandao Lake is also a good site you could not miss. Of course, besides visiting the intere

59、st of places, you should taste the local flavor snacks of Hangzhou, like small steamed buns and West Lake Vinegared fish. Finally, I must remind you that you should not leave your belingings unattended since there are so many people on the train and at the railway station.I am sure you will enjoy yo

60、ur visit in Hangzhou. If you have any questions or requirements, do not hesitate to tell me. I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Truly yours Wang Fang投诉信结构公式右上角：日期左上角：称呼正文：第一段：表明自己的身份，写信的目的，因何事投诉何人或机构。第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的理由。第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。右下脚：署名范文： A letter to the University President abou