四六级翻译部分讲解

1、1 Translation一.题型特征1. 汉译英。2. 内容单纯。3. 补全句子。 二. 基本原则和评分标准最基本的原则 准确和通顺2 1. 整体内容和语言均正确满分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切，信息不全 或用词不当一半分。 3. 整体意思正确，但语言有错误 一半分。 4. 整体意思错误，即使结构正确 0分 5. 大小写错误及标点错误忽略不计。评分标准：3翻译题型三大考点： 1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最 为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密 度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的 高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配， 形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的 修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为 重要的是常见的

2、固定词组以及固定 表达，这些都可能成为考试的 命题重点。42. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点 大多数是以前词汇语法考点的重 现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重 视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了， 但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因 为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最 重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、 从句知识、非谓语动词、强调 等。3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 5 应试方法 翻译中的常见问题对材料理解不当，造成译文与原意偏差过大。表达能力欠缺，译文不够通顺、流畅。 应对办法1. 重视语言基本功训练。2. 对英语基本句型了解，熟悉各种方法和技巧。 6 答题步骤通读题目，准确理解；分析成分，划分意群；选择词

3、义，贴切表达；通读全句，检验加工。 检验加工过程 1. 核实译文与原文内容是否一致； 2. 检查译文是否符合英语表达习惯； 3. 检查译文是否有错译或漏译； 4. 检查标点符号； 5. 对译文进一步加工润色。7 考点一. 词汇层面 大学学习类 course arrangement (课程安排)大学生活类 society(学生社团)交通规则类 traffic regulation（交通规则）观光旅游类 holiday resort(度假区) 社会热点类 advance with times与时俱进; brain drain人才外流; comprehensive national power综合国

4、力8二. 核心考核语法虚拟语气 从句倒装非谓语动词强调句形容词的比较级和最高级动词的时态和语态9学习各语法点，重点讨 论两个语法点; 并在历年真题中找出至少反映此语法点的5道例题每小组确定一名reporterReporter讲解汇报10 一、 虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1.(should)+动词原形的情形2.if或but for等引导的条件句3.wish, if only, it is time的用法11(should)+动词原形的情形 1.1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, r

5、equire, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。121.2 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolu

6、tion, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。131.3 在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, p

7、referable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。 It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。14if引导虚拟条件句的用法 15He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to

8、the movies with you.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。but for=if it were not for/if it

9、 had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.如果没有你的帮助，他们不可能按时完成任务。16It is (high, about) time 此句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken17动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 we

10、re或动词的一般过去与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。18if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望 一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望 过去完成式If only she had known wher

11、e to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！19二、从句（一）名词性从句名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。201.主语从句-从句作主语主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。That he survived the accident.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在

12、这里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视认为毫无价值，无足轻重。How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度特别提示：whether

13、引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。is a miracle212.宾语从句-从句作宾语。The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。 真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and

14、 their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan223.表语从句-从句作表语The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容

15、易累了)。参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before23（二）定语从句定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。 真题重现【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域).参考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.24（三）状语从句状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从

16、句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句 真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)参考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home25 三、倒装1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不

17、在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the a

18、ccident等。 真题重现【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松)参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed262. never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (

19、nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account(绝不）, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere（任何地方都不）, not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！ 真题重现【CET-6：2007.12】 The

20、witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)参考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 参考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)273the more, the more结构中的倒装。【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 参考答案：the more confused I am28 四、非谓语动词非谓

21、语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。 非谓语动词的考点主要有：1英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图mean意欲，打算determine决定pretend假装 decide决定hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒绝decide决定等 真题重现【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete (决定退出比赛).参考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign

22、 Minister said he was resigning, _.(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)参考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.292)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式enable使能够 ask要求，allow允许 force强迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request请求 help帮助 invite吸引，邀请encourage鼓励 等 真题重现【CET-4：2006.12】Spec

23、ialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活)参考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists （被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）.参考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.303)有少数动词只能用动

24、名词作宾语dislike不喜欢，讨厌appreciate 感激，欣赏avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱cant help不 禁 escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了 deny否认 mind 介意 finish完成，结束不得 postpone延迟，延期hate讨厌等I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。312非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a grea

25、t pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no good objecting. 反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣2)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sthIt is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。32 五、强调句 It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：强调句型中的系动词除is

26、和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not untilthat结构。33 It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是因为水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。It was not until the second year that he has adap