基本检索技巧-终

1、基本检索技巧 -如何利用主题词在CAplus中查找信息1什么是STN联机前的准备工作在线操作内 容2STN- The Scientific & Technical Information Network 由美国化学文摘社(CAS)和德国卡尔斯鲁厄(FIZ Karlsruhe) 经营, 日本科技情报中心(JICST)在日本代理收录超过200个科学和技术数据库，涵盖了广泛的学科 完整的CAS的数据库 CAplus, CA Registry, CASREACT, MARPAT 重要的专利数据库 DWPISM ,INPADOCDB, EPFULL, BIOSIS , USPATFULL/USPAT2,

2、 PCTFULL, and more用先进的计算机语言访问, 显示和可视化数据库中的信息3STN检索界面STN有以下三种访问方式：a.STN on the Web b.STN Expressc.STNEasy STN on the Web和STN Express都是指令检索界面，其检索功能完全一样，区别在于STN on the web是通过网页访问，而STN Express是通过客户端访问。 STNEasy采用的是对话框似的访问方式，无需使用指令，操作方法简单，因此不能达到对文献检索精而全的要求。STN检索界面4STN中可使用的指令 在STN中，可用的指令超过20个 FILEINDEXANAL

3、YZEPRINTDISPLAY HISTORY EXPANDDUPLICATETRANSFERSAVEDISPLAY COST SEARCHFOCUSTABULATEACTIVATEQUERY DISPLAYSORTFSORTDELETESET LOGOFFSELECTFSEARCHSDINEWS其中，第一列是最常用的5个指令STN中可使用的指令 STN中可使用的指令5联机前的准备工作6联机前的准备工作确定要查找的关键词查找同义词、不同拼写方式和缩写使用合适的截词符使用合适的连接符7同一主题的文献，作者有可能使用不同的同义词和缩写一些了解同义词、缩写的方法和同事讨论做一次初次检索在得到的记录中

4、寻找替代词使用在线词典或词库 (将在高级检索技巧中讨论)尝试一些网站, e.g. 查找同义词和缩写词8使用合适的截词符 使用截词符可以检索到包含相同一组字母的词语。从而做到省钱和省时STN中的截词符号有符号含义?零个或任意个字母，可放在词首和词尾#零个或一个字母，放在词尾!一个字母，放在词中间使用合适的截词符9在字/词间使用合适的连接符 在STN中，使用的连接符有：运算符用 途(W)用指定的顺序连接词语(A)字相邻，但以任何顺序排列(S)连接的词语在同一个句子中出现(L)连接的词语在同一个字段中出现AND两个词语在记录中的任意地方出现10练 习 请确定下面检索问题的主要概念及其同义词，并用合适

5、的连接符建立检索式 检索问题: 1. Method to analyze heavy metals in wastewater from gold mine tailings. 2. Understanding the links between human chromosomes and the onset of diabetes in old patients11题1的主要关键词及其同义词： heavy metals: wastewater: sewage, wash water , effluent , waste liqs, drainage gold: aurum tailing:S

6、 heavy (a) metals 后得到L1S wastewater (or) sewage (or) wash water (or) effluent (or) waste liqs (or)drainage 得到L2S Gold (or) aurum 得到L3S tail？得到L4S L1 AND L2 AND L3 AND L4题2的主要关键词及其同义词及其同义词？Chromosomes:Diabetes:Old patients:12在线操作13以例子说明在CAplus中查询主题词的步骤14CAplus 简介CAplus收录了150多个国家的约10000万多种期刊及50个国家和两个专

7、利组织的专利，最早的文献可以回溯到1840年涵盖的学科包括应用化学、化学工程、有机化学、生物化学、物理化学、无机化学和分析化学CAplus中的记录包含有题录信息、摘要和主题及物质索引等15CAplus中收录的文献种类的比例16CAplus中的一篇记录了解数据库内容的一个很好方法就是仔细查看它的记录ACCESSION NUMBER: 1998:137530 CAPLUS Full-textDOCUMENT NUMBER: 128:221420ENTRY DATE: Entered STN: 09 Mar 1998TITLE: UV damage on human hair. A comparis

8、on study of 10 UV filtersAUTHOR(S): Gonzenbach, H.; Johncock, W.; De Polo, K. -F.; Blankenburg, G.; Fohles, J.; Schafer, K.; Hocker, H.CORPORATE SOURCE: Roche Vitamins and Fine Chemicals, Geneva, Switz.SOURCE: Cosmetics & Toiletries (1998), 113(2), 43-49 CODEN: CTOIDG; ISSN: 0361-4387PUBLISHER: Allu

9、red Publishing Corp.DOCUMENT TYPE: JournalLANGUAGE: EnglishCLASSIFICATION: 62-3 (Essential Oils and Cosmetics)ABSTRACT: UV-induced alterations in virgin blond Caucasian hair and in virgin black Asian hair were assessed in a preliminary study by measuring color changes, mech. properties (single hair

10、friction, combing force and tensile strength), FTIR spectroscopy and classical amino-acid anal. The amino-acid anal. seemed the most sensitive test. Next, virgin blond Caucasian hair were treated with 10 protective test formulations and exposed each to simulated sunlight. The different results can b

11、e attributed to qual. differences in deposition induced by the formulation. 原始文献有7页作者所写简写17CAplus中的一篇记录接上页)SUPPL. TERM: UV damage hair filter amino acidINDEX TERM: Hair preparations (creams; study of UV damage on human hair)INDEX TERM: Hair preparations Hair preparations (emulsions; study of UV dama

12、ge on human hair)INDEX TERM: Shampoos Sunscreens (study of UV damage on human hair)INDEX TERM: Amino acids, analysis ROLE: ANT (Analyte); ANST (Analytical study) (study of UV damage on human hair)INDEX TERM: 56-89-3, Cystine, analysis 60-18-4, Tyrosine, analysis 73-22-3, Tryptophan, analysis 498-40-

13、8, Cysteic acid ROLE: ANT (Analyte); ANST (Analytical study) (study of UV damage on human hair)索引词索引副标题CAS Registry Numbers(物质的系统编码)CAS Role(物质的详细信息)18CAplus中的检索字段其最常用检索字段：字段代码含 义字段代码含 义BI基本索引（包括AB,TI,ST和IT）DT文献类型AB摘要PY出版年CT索引词LA语言AU作者PB出版社PD出版日期SO原文出处注：CAplus中有39个常用检索字段，具体信息请见STN Database Summary 1

14、9CAplus中的检索字段如果只查找专利，则其最常用检索字段有：字段代码含 义字段代码含 义PN专利号PRN优先权号IPC国际专利分类号AY专利申请年IN发明人PRY优先权申请年AP申请号PC专利国家注：CAplus中有53个字段供检索专利，具体信息请见STN Database Summary 20 检索步骤运用主题词在CAplus中检索文献的步骤 2. 查找关键词的同义词、不同拼写及缩写 1. 确定检索问题中的关键词语 3. 进行初步检索21 检索步骤 5.调整检索式（可选） 4. 评价结果 6.显示结果运用主题词在CAplus中检索文献的步骤检索步骤22检索问题: What has bee

15、n reported on the antitumor activity of antibiotics derived or produced from Streptomyces bacteria?23第一步：确定关键的主题词主题词1主题词2主题词3antitumorantibioticsStreptomyces24第二步:确定关键词语的同义词或缩写Antitumor：anticancer, antineoplastic, antitumour, anti-tumorAntibiotics: immue, resistant25进行初步检索有助于帮助我们决定检索策略是否正确在初步检索时，将连续

16、用到三个基本指令第三步：进行初步检索26运用FILE指令进入数据库= FILE CAPLUS ENTERED AT 20:34:16 ON 24 OCT 2006USE IS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF YOUR STN CUSTOMER AGREEMENT.PLEASE SEE HELP USAGETERMS FOR DETAILS.COPYRIGHT (C) 2006 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS)Copyright of the articles to which records in this database refer ishel

17、d by the publishers listed in the PUBLISHER (PB) field (available of this information, without the prior written consent of CAS, isstrictly prohibited. 1907 - 23 Jul 2009 VOL 151 ISS 4 UPDATED: 22 Jul 2009 (20090722/ED) This CAS Registry Numbers for easy and accurate substance identification. Effect

18、ive October 17, 2005, revised CAS Information Use Policies apply. They are available for your review at:第三步A:进入数据库进入数据库后有数据库的基本信息，包括更新及数据库覆盖年代等信息27运用EXPAND指令确定要查的词语是否在数据库中存在当运用主题词查询时，使用EXPAND非常有用 确定在数据库里是否存在该词 确定词语的不同拼写形式（需用哪个截词符）通过EXPAND，可以获得与检索词相近的词语列表，就象打开了一本字典第三步B:确定检索词28=SET EXPAND CONTINUOUSSE

19、T COMMAND COMPLETED= E ANTITUMORE1 1 ANTITUMOOR/BIE2 1 ANTITUMOPR/BIE3 287132 - ANTITUMOR/BIE4 1 ANTITUMORACTIVITY/BIE5 1 ANTITUMORAGENTS/BIE6 2360 ANTITUMORAL/BIE7 1 ANTITUMORALE/BIE8 1 ANTITUMORALEN/BIE9 1 ANTITUMORALER/BIE10 3 ANTITUMORALLY/BIE11 19 ANTITUMORALS/BIE12 1 ANTITUMORAND/BI = EE13 1 A

20、NTITUMORCANCER/BIE14 3 ANTITUMORGENIC/BIE15 1 ANTITUMORGENICITY/BIE16 1 ANTITUMORGENICS/BI E21 32 ANTITUMORIGENESIS/BIE22 476 ANTITUMORIGENIC/BIE23 11 ANTITUMORIGENICITY/BIE24 1 ANTITUMORIMMUNOPOTENCY/BI第三步B:确定检索词输入E会继续显示E号码列表请注意到每个词语后面的不同变化形式，它提示还有一些其他可用的词语注: /BI 告诉我们STN是在基本索引里查找词语 第二列的数字表示CAplus中有

21、多少篇文献含有该词29第三步B:确定检索词E anticancer E37 1 ANTICANATOXIN/BI E38 1 ANTICANCE/BI E39 58673 - ANTICANCER/BI E40 1 ANTICANCERACUTE/BI E41 2 ANTICANCERAL/BI E47 6 ANTICANCERIGENIC/BI E48 1 ANTICANCERLIN/BI = E immune E85 1 IMMUNDOMINANT/BI E86 1 IMMUNDUS/BI E87 262389 - IMMUNE/BI E88 2 IMMUNEACTIVE/BI E94 1

22、 IMMUNEASSOCD/BI E95 1 IMMUNEASY/BI E96 1 IMMUNEBODIES/BI 30= E ANTIBIOTICE97 27 ANTIBIOTHERAPY/BIE98 1 ANTIBIOTI/BIE99 101225 - ANTIBIOTIC/BIE100 2 ANTIBIOTIC8907/BIE101 44 ANTIBIOTICA/BIE102 5 ANTIBIOTICAL/BIE103 199 ANTIBIOTICALLY/BIE104 1 ANTIBIOTICAS/BI E105 1 ANTIBIOTICCOMBNS/BIE106 2 ANTIBIOT

23、ICCS/BI= E STREPTOMYCESE107 1 STREPTOMYCER/BIE108 1 STREPTOMYCERS/BIE109 30604 - STREPTOMYCES/BIE110 1 STREPTOMYCESA/BIE111 1 STREPTOMYCESAUREOFACIENS/BIE112 1 STREPTOMYCESERYTHREUS/BI E113 1 STREPTOMYCESROSEOFLAVUS/BIE114 5 STREPTOMYCESS/BIE115 1 STREPTOMYCESSP/BI第三步B:确定检索词31通过EXPAND可以发现词语的不同拼写形式运用

24、词语的不同拼写形式将使检索信息非常全面 有两种方式能将这些不同拼写形式的词语组合在一起: STN指令设置 截词符第三步C:建立检索式32自动设置 使用指令SET PLURALS ON，STN可以自动检索到词语的单复数形式使用指令SET ABB ON，STN可以自动检索到词语的缩写形式使用指令SET SPELLINGS ON，STN可以自动检索到词语的英美不同拼写形式第三步C:建立检索式33使用截词符运用截词符能够检索到词语的: 单/复数前缀和后缀 词语的英/美拼写形式第三步C:建立检索式34第三步C: 建立检索式请使用合适的截词符，确保能同时检索到下面的词语 antitumor, antitu

25、morigenic, antitumorigenically, antitumorigenicity, antitumoral (antitumor?) antibiotic, antibiotics (antibiotic#)第三步C: 建立检索式35使用 SEARCH检索目标记录= SET ABB ONSET COMMAND COMPLETED= SET PLURALS ONSET COMMAND COMPLETED=SET SPELLINGS ONSET COMMAND COMPLETED= s (antitumor? or anticancer?) and (antibiotic# o

26、r immune) and e109 288258 ANTITUMOR? 58921 ANTICANCER? 199139 ANTIBIOTIC# 262389 IMMUNE 11 IMMUNES 262393 IMMUNE (IMMUNE OR IMMUNES) 39521 STREPTOMYCES/BIL1 1365 (ANTITUMOR? OR ANTICANCER?) AND (ANTIBIOTIC# OR IMMUNE) AND STRE PTOMYCES/BI第三步D:运行检索L1 是一个含有检索词记录的答案集号码36运用 D SCAN 评估初步检索结果，其目的在于： 确定结果是否

27、是你想要的 查看数据库中是否有其他可用的特定技术用语 它是免费的运用D SCAN 将从结果集中随机显示答案（在CAplus中，其只显示标题和索引信息）第四步: 评价结果第四步:评估结果37= D SCANL1 1191 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACSIC ICM C12P019-56 ICS C07H015-252; A61K031-71CC 16-2 (Fermentation and Bioindustrial Chemistry)TI IT-62-B substance and medicinal composition containing the

28、sameST neoplasm inhibitor IT62B Streptomyces fermn; antibiotic IT62B fermn Streptomyces IT Antibiotics Fermentation Neoplasm inhibitors Streptomyces (antitumor antibiotic IT-62-B from Streptomyces )IT Neoplasm inhibitors (nasopharynx, antitumor antibiotic IT-62-B from Streptomyces )IT Pharynx (nasop

29、harynx, neoplasm, inhibitors, antitumor antibiotic IT-62-B from Streptomyces )IT 176259-62-4P, Antibiotic IT 62B RL: BPN (Biosynthetic preparation); THU (Therapeutic use); BIOL (Biological study); PREP (Preparation); USES (Uses) (antitumor antibiotic IT-62-B from Streptomyces )HOW MANY MORE ANSWERS

30、DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):1第四步:评估结果 输入的检索词会被高亮显示38L1 1191 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACSIC ICM C12P001-06 ICS A61K035-74; C07G017-00; C12P001-06; C12R001-465CC 16-2 (Fermentation and Bioindustrial Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 1, 63TI Manufacture of NA22598B1 and NA22598B2 as anticancer a

31、gents, and their manufacture with Streptomyces speciesST anticancer NA22598B1 NA22598B2 manuf Streptomyces IT Antitumor agents (antibiotic ; manufacture of NA22598B1 and NA22598B2 as anticancer agents with Streptomyces sp.)IT Antibiotics (antitumor ; manufacture of NA22598B1 and NA22598B2 as antican

32、cer agents with Streptomyces sp.)IT Fermentation Streptomyces (manufacture of NA22598B1 and NA22598B2 as anticancer agents with Streptomyces sp.)IT 226900-64-7P, NA 22598B1 226900-71-6P, NA 22598B2 RL: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse); BMF (Bioindustrial manufacture); BPN (Biosy

33、nthetic preparation); BSU (Biological study, unclassified); PRP (Properties); THU (Therapeutic use); BIOL (Biological study); PREP (Preparation); USES (Uses) (manufacture of NA22598B1 and NA22598B2 as anticancer agents with Streptomyces sp.)HOW MANY MORE ANSWERS DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):1第四步:评估结果39L

34、1 1191 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACSIC ICM C07C065-36 ICS A61K031-194; A61P031-04; A61P035-00; C12N001-20; C12P007- 50; C12R001-465CC 16-2 (Fermentation and Bioindustrial Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 1, 10, 63TI Novel polycyclic compound, TEL68M, its fermentative manufacture, and its u

35、se as antibacterial and antitumor agentsST antibacterial antitumor TEL68M manuf Streptomyces IT Antitumor agents (antibiotic ; manufacture of TEL68M as antibacterial and antitumor agents with Streptomyces sp.)IT Antibiotics (antitumor ; manufacture of TEL68M as antibacterial and antitumor agents wit

36、h Streptomyces sp.)IT Antibiotics Fermentation New natural products Streptomyces (manufacture of TEL68M as antibacterial and antitumor agents with Streptomyces sp.) (下页继续)第四步:评估结果40IT 343782-05-8P RL: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse); BMF (Bioindustrial manufacture); BPN (Biosyn

37、thetic preparation); BSU (Biological study, unclassified); THU (Therapeutic use); BIOL (Biological study); PREP (Preparation); USES (Uses) (manufacture of TEL68M as antibacterial and antitumor agents with Streptomyces sp.)HOW MANY MORE ANSWERS DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):1L1 11916 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRI

38、GHT 2006 ACSCC 74 (Fermentations)TI Production of antitumor antibiotics of the encalin group by actinomycetesIT Antibiotic substances (encaline group, from Streptomyces)HOW MANY MORE ANSWERS DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):0第四步:评估结果需要结束D SCAN时，输入0，NONE或者END即可。41第五步:调整检索策略用主题词检索时，常因不同的人员会有不同的结果 通常，可以使用更宽泛的词

39、语使检索更全面或者使用更确定的词语使检索更精确初级检索后需要考虑的问题有: 这些结果是你需要的吗？ 大部分的结果都是相关的吗？ 是否可以接受结果数?42第五步:调整检索策略扩大检索使结果更全面的方法： 使用截词 使用较多的可替代词语 使用使结果宽泛的连接符 缩小检索使结果更精确的方法： 选择更具体的词语 添加其他的概念词语 使用使结果精确的连接符将采用什么方法？43第五步: 调整检索策略添加可替代的词语44检索更完整的查询 = S (ANTITUMOR? OR ANTITUMOUR? OR ANTI-TUMOR? OR ANTICANCER? OR NEOPLASM INHIBIT?) L2

40、265344 (ANTITUMOR? OR ANTITUMOUR? OR ANTI-TUMOR? OR ANTICANCER? OR NEOPLASM INHIBIT?)= S (ANTIBIOTIC# OR ANTIBACTER?)L3 238537 (ANTIBIOTIC# OR ANTIBACTER?)= S (STREPTOMYCES OR ACTINOMYCETES)L4 40479 (STREPTOMYCES OR ACTINOMYCETES)= S L2 AND L3 AND L4L5 1608 L2 AND L3 AND L4第五步: 调整检索策略同义词提高了检索的完整性，与L

41、1相比，L5多了418个结果45第五步: 调整检索策略AND 检索词在记录的任意地方出现(L) 检索词出现在同一个字段中(S) 检索词出现在同一个句子中(A)词语相连，但可以调换排列顺序(W)词语按指定的顺序相连46= S L2 (S) L3 (S) L4L6 808 L2 (S) L3 (S) L4第五步: 调整检索策略用使结果更精确的连接符连接检索词47= D SCAN HITL6 808 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACSTI Studies on the isotetracenone antibiotics. II. Kerriamycins A, B

42、and C, new antitumor antibioticsTI Studies on the isotetracenone antibiotics. II. Kerriamycins A, B and C, new antitumor antibioticsIT Antibiotics (from Streptomyces violaceolatus, kerriamycins as)IT Neoplasm inhibitors (kerriamycins)IT Streptomyces violaceolatus (kerriamycins from)HOW MANY MORE ANS

43、WERS DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):1第五步: 调整检索策略评估新的检索结果48L6 808 ANSWERS CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACSTI Novel antibiotics, K93-0711-R4 and K93-0711-R6, and their manufacture with Streptomyces speciesST anticancer antibiotic K930711R manuf Streptomyces; adriamycin resistant P388 leukemia inhibition K930711RIT

44、 Antitumor agents (antibiotic; manuf. of antibiotic K93-0711-R4 and K93-0711-R6 with Streptomyces sp. for inhibition of adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cell line)IT Antibiotics (antitumor; manuf. of antibiotic K93-0711-R4 and K93-0711-R6 with Streptomyces sp. for inhibition of adriamycin-resistan

45、t P388 leukemia cell line)IT Antitumor agents (leukemia; manuf. of antibiotic K93-0711-R4 and K93-0711-R6 with Streptomyces sp. for inhibition of adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cell line)HOW MANY MORE ANSWERS DO YOU WISH TO SCAN? (1):0第五步: 调整检索策略评估新的检索结果:49第六步: 显示结果运用DISPLAY指令显示结果详细信息 当使用DISPLAY

46、的时候，需要输入三部分信息： 答案集L号码 答案数 格式50第六步: 显示结果 51第六步: 显示结果 默认情况下，CAplus中的答案集是按照时间顺序从最新到最早排列的= D L6 1,808 IBIB ABSL6 ANSWER 1 OF 808 CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACS on STN ACCESSION NUMBER: 2006:910077 CAPLUSTITLE: Study on mechanisms of action of enediyne antitumor antibiotic lidamycinAUTHOR(S): Gao, Rui-juan; L

47、i, Dian-dong; Zhen, Yong-suCORPORATE SOURCE: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, Peop. Rep.ChinaSOURCE: Zhongguo Xinyao Zazhi (2006), 15(13), 1039- 1043 CODEN: ZXZHA6; ISSN: 1003-3734PUBLISHER: Zhongguo Xinyao Zazh

48、i Youxian GongsiDOCUMENT TYPE: JournalLANGUAGE: ChineseAB Lidamycin (LDM), one of nine-ring enediyne antitumor antibiotics, was isolated by spermatogonial assay from the metabolic products of Streptomyces globisporus C-1027, which was (下页继续) 52第六步：显示结果 L6 ANSWER 808 OF 808 CAPLUS COPYRIGHT 2006 ACS

49、on STN ACCESSION NUMBER: 1953:68136 CAPLUSDOCUMENT NUMBER: 47:68136ORIGINAL REFERENCE NO.: 47:11551g-hTITLE: A review on the mechanism of action of certain temporary anticancer agentsAUTHOR(S): Skipper, Howard E.CORPORATE SOURCE: Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, ALSOURCE: Cancer Research (1953), 13, 545-51 CODEN: CNREA8; ISSN: 0008-5472DOCUMENT TYPE: JournalLANGUAGE: UnavailableAB A review on the p