人教版(新教材)高中英语选修3Unit5 Poems优质学案：Grammar-定语从句

1、Grammar定语从句图解语法脉络感知语法规律.The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.There were

2、deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Mencius believed that the reason why man is di

3、fferent from animals is that man is good.Do you know the girl with/to whom the teacher talked just now?K自主发现U.关系代词who, which, that, whose, whom,在定语从句中可充当主语、定语、 宾语、表语。.关系副词when, where, why,在定语从句中可充当时间、地点、原因状语。. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。精讲语法知识一、关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分.buried K考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,bury和其逻辑主语cigar

4、ette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语.tourists K考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为 表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。4,where K考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中 作地点状语，修饰先行词the place,故填whereo 3.but K考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词 buto3.for K考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth 对某事负有责任”， 故用介词ford.ourselvesK考查代词。与句子主语we呼

5、应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语8.to solve K考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目 的。U9.importantly K考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子， 在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly,修饰整个句子。U10.are damaged K考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，damage和主语 the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处表达一般的情况, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。who人主、宾、表whom人宾which物主、宾、表that人或物主、宾、表as人或物主、

6、宾、表whose人或物定The old man (who/whom/that) we visited yesterday is a famous artist. 我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顾那个父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook (that/which) he is looking for.这就是他正在找的课本。即时训练1用关系代词填空Do you know the man who/that is

7、talking with your mother?The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.(2019北京卷语法填空)This is the person who/whom you should thank for helping your son.Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.The picture that/which was about t

8、he accident was terrible.Dr.Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.(2020天津卷单项选择改编) 二 关系代词的使用考前须知Lwho可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。直接跟在介词后面作宾 语时，只能用whom,且不能省略。.whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose常表达“某 人的，某物的”之意。whose表示物时，whose+名词= the+名词+ of which。They are looking for

9、 the patient on whom doctors have just performed an operation. 他们正在寻找医生刚刚给做过手术的那位病人。Please pass me the book whose cover(=the cover of which) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。.指物时用that而不用which的情况(1)领先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, something, none, few, little, much等不定代词时。All(that)the graduate lacks is pr

10、actice.那位毕业生缺少的只是实践。(2)领先行词被 very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some 修饰时。This is the only coat that I have.这是我拥有的唯一的外套。(3)领先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。This is the most attractive match that I have watched.这是我所看过的最吸引人的一场比赛。(4)当并列的两个先行词(分别表示人和物时)被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用 thatoShe took photos of p

11、eople and things(that)she was interested in.她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照。(5)主句是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用that引导， 不用who或which oWho was the person that helped the girl out?帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的人是谁？(6)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。Your disease is not the case that it used to be.你的病已经不是过去的情况了。.在以下情况下却只用which而不用that(1)领先行词表示事物意义，

12、并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。The world in which we live is made of matter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。在非限定性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow. 太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。.用as引导限制性定语从句的情况(l)such +名词+ as“像一样的”Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？(2)the

13、 same+名词+ as“和同样”Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。(3)as+形容词+名词+as. “像一样的” She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find. 她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。即时训练?用关系代词填空This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.The ho

14、use in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.(2019全国卷 II 语法填空) I have the same magazine as you bought just now.三关系副词的基本用法关系副词when, why, where在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的先 行词，并分别在从

15、句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句 中的搭配关系，转换成“介词+关系代词”的结构。关系副词被代替的先行词在从句中的作用when表示时间的名词时间状语where表不地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词（只用reason）原因状语We dont know the exact time when( = at which) the English Evening will be held. 我们不知道英语晚会举行确实切时间。(时间状语)Beijing is the place where( = in which) I was bom.北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)Is this

16、the reason why(=for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？(原因状语)即时训练3用适当的关系词填空We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019江苏卷单项选择改编)The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.This is the reason why he was late for the meeting.四关系副词使用时考前须知

17、.如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，那么用关系代词that/which引导。At last he got the position (that/which) he had been dreaming of.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school?你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？.领先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which,或省略不用。We admire the way(that/in which)

18、he solved the problem.我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式。.表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, life, point 等)作先行 词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。There are cases where(=in which) the word“mighty“ is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。“occasion等作先行词时-，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词when。There are occasions when(=on which)

19、one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时 候。(时间状语)即时训练4用适当的关系词填空Can you help me to think of a reason that/which seems reasonable for my being absent?Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which/不填 we visited three months ago?I dont like the way in which you speak to her.Their child is at the stage where she

20、can say individual words but not full sentences.（2019 天津卷单项选择改编）The way （that/in which） he explained to us was quite simple.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with the kids.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satel

21、lite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.（2020全国卷 I 语法填空）The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.This is the case where hes had all his money stolen.五 ”介词+ which/whom”引导的定语从句L “介词+

22、关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which（指物）或 whom（指人），即介词+ which/whom,并且不能省略。If you have anything on which you want my opinions, feel free to see me. 如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。.“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。“一先”，即根据先行

23、词来确定介词。The factory in which Im working mainly produces computers.我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。（in which代替in the factory, “在工厂里”用介词in。） “二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。（to whom 代替 to a person； turn to sb for help “ 向某人求助”。）“三

24、意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。In the office I never seem to have time until after 5： 30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.在办公室里，我要到下午5： 30之后才能有点空闲，至I那时，许多人已经回家了。.介词前有时加名词、数词、不定代词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词+ of which/whom n结构，在定语从句中作主语。English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which us

25、es it differently.英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。I collected some books, the covers of which(=whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years.我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。.“复合介词+ which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从 句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵

26、大树。即时训练5单句语法填空Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. (2020江苏卷单项选择改编)The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers. My computer, without which I cant surf the Internet, broke down yesterday.The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compan

27、y.The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of which has been proved.运用语法规那么I .单句语法填空.That is the girl to whom you talked just now.Do you know the name of that girl whos

28、e brother is your roommate?.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.1 am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.5.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 90% of wh

29、ich are sold abroad.6.The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.7.Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.（2020浙江卷语法填空）8.In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost

30、lifelike.（2020全国卷 HI语法填空）9.The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.（2020新高考卷 I 语法 填空）1（）.Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.（江苏卷单项选择改编）n .补全句子.A1

31、1theneighborsadmirethisfamilywhere the parents are treating theii child like a friend.所有的邻居都很羡慕这家人，他们的父母把孩子当朋友一样对待。.This is the most wonderful novel that J have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最精彩的小说。.The movie, Amazing China, which J watched last night, is very encouraging. 我昨天晚上看的电影厉害了，我的国令人倍受鼓舞。4.1 made a card

32、 for Mom, who loves me most.我给妈妈制作了一张卡片，她最爱我。like these names of Chinese snacks , which leflect the wisdom of Chinese people.我喜欢这些中国小吃的名字，因为它们反映了中国人的智慧。.Watching TV， which a good way to relax, can obviously increase our knowledge.看电视是放松休息的好方式。它显然还能增加我们的知识。.Any student whose family j, too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何家庭太穷而无法上学的学生都可以从政府获得帮助。8.1 wish to thank Professor Brown, without whose help I would never h