2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试

1、2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，在标准答题卡上，将准考证号相应的位置涂好。试卷一(paperone)和试卷二(papertwo)答案都做在标准答题卡上，书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域，不要做在试卷上。试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。标准答题卡不可折叠，同时必须保持平整干净，以利评分。听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。PaperOnePartIListeningcomprehensi

2、on(30%)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearfifteenshortconversionsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversion,youwillhearaquestionaboutwhatissaid.Thequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Afteryouhearthequestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceonth

3、eANSWERSHEET.Listentothefollowingexample.Youwillhear:Woman:Ifeelfaint.Man:Nowonder.Youhaventhadabiteallday.Question:Whatsthematterwiththewoman?Youwillread:A.Sheissick.B.Shewasbittenbyanant.C.Sheishungry.D.Shespilledherpaint.HereCistherightanswer.SampleAnswerABPDNowletsbeginwithquestionNumber1.A.Shes

4、lookingforagift.Sheneedsanewpurse.Shesgoingtogiveabirthdayparty.Shewantstogoshoppingwithhermom.A.Shehearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.A.HellgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30tomorrow.Hedliketoma

5、keanearlierappointment.Hedliketocanceltheappointment.Hedliketoseeanotherdentist.4.A.8:00B.8:15C.8:40D.8:4.5.A.Inahotel.Atafastfoodbar.C.Inthesupermarket.D.Inthedepartmentstore.Toresignrightaway.Toworkonemoredayaschairman.Tothinktwicebeforehemakethedecision.Toreceivefurthert

6、raininguponhisresignation.Shedidntdoanythinginparticular.ShesendawoundedpersontotheER.ShehadtoworkintheER.Shewentskiing.Acustomsofficer.Themansmother.Aschoolheadmaster.Animmigrationofficer.Itfeelsasiftheroomisgoingaround.Itfeelslikeakindofunsteadiness.Itfeelsasifsheisfallingdown.Itfeelsasifsheisgoin

7、garound.Johnhashiddensomethinginthetree.Johnhimselfshouldbeblamed.Johnhasadogthatbarksalot.Johnisunlucky.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.Themathhomeworkisfun.Hisbackache.Hisskinproblem.Hisbrokenleg.Hiseyecondition.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

8、Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.Saturdaymorning.Saturdaynight.Saturdayafternoon.Nextweekend.Heslosthisnotebook.Hishandwritingismessy.Hellmissclasslatterthisweek.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.SectionBDirections:Inthi

9、ssectionyouwillhearoneconversionandtwopassages,aftereachofwhich,youwillhearfivequestions.Aftereachquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.ConversationA.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.Hehasjustrecover

10、edfromanillness.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneytone.A.Alotbetter.B.Terriblyawful.Couldntbebetter.D.Okay,butabitweak.A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecove

11、ry.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.A.From4pmto6pm.B.From5pmto7pm.C.From6pmto8pm.D.From7pmto9pm.PassageOneA.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandsleepdeprivation.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandsleepdeprivation.Thelinkbetweenweightlossandphysicalexercise.Thelinkbetweenweightgainandphys

12、icalexercise.A.Morethan68,000.B.Morethan60,800.C.Morethan60,080.D.Morethan60,008.A.Sever-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethan5-hourones.Five-hoursleepersgainedmoreweightovertimethan7-hourones.Short-sleeperswere15%morelikelytobecomeobese.D.Short-sleepersconsumedfewercaloriesthanlongsleepers.A.Ove

13、reatingamongthesleep-deprived.Littleexerciseamongthesleep-deprived.Lowermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.Highermetabolicrateresultingfromlesssleep.A.Exerciseeveryday.B.Takedietpills.C.Goonadiet.D.Sleepmore.PassageTwoA.Sheistoohardonme.Sheaskstoomanyquestions.Sheisalwaysconsiderateofmyfeelings.D.S

14、heisthemeanestmotherintheneighborhood.A.Auniversityinstructor.B.Ateachingassistant.C.AphDstudent.D.Apsychiatrist.A.Theyusuallysayno.Theyusuallysayyes.Theyusuallywaitandsee.Theyusuallyrefusetosayanything.A.Theyareoverconfident.Theirbrainsgrowtoofast.Theyarepsychologicallydependent.Theirbrainsarestill

15、immatureinsomeareas.A.Beeasyonyourteen.B.Trytobemeantoyourteen.C.Saynotoyourteenwhennecessary.D.Dontcareaboutyourteensfeelings.PartIIVocabulary(10%)SectionADirections:Inthissectionallthestatementsareincomplete,beneatheachofwhicharefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanbestcom

16、pletethestatementandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.Anumberofblackyouthshavecomplainedofbeingythepolice.harassedB.distractedC.sentencedD.releasedHerapidlybecamewithhisownpowerintheteam.irrigatedB.irradiatedC.streetlightD.torchlightThroughouthispoliticalcareerhehasalwaysbeeninthe.twilightB.

17、spotlightC.streetlightD.torchlightWethatdietisrelatedtomosttypesofcancerbutwedonthavedefiniteproof.suspendB.superveneC.superviseD.suspectApatientwhoisdyingofincurablecancerofthethroatisinterriblepain,whichcannolongerbesatisfactorily.alleviatedB.abolishedC.demolishedD.diminishedThetelevisionstationis

18、supportedbyfromfoundationsandothersources.A.donationsB.pensionsC.advertisementsD.accountsMorelegislationisneededtoprotectthepropertyrightsofthepatent.A.integrativeB.intellectualC.intelligentD.intelligibleOfficialsaresupposedtothemselvestothewelfareandhealthofthegeneralpublic.A.adaptB.confineC.commit

19、D.assessYoushouldstopyourconditionanddosomethingaboutit.A.drawingonB.touchingonC.leaningonD.dwellingonTheauthorofthebookhasshownhisremarkablykeenintohumannature.A.perspectiveB.dimensionC.insightD.reflectionSectionBDirections:Inthissectioneachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined,beneathw

20、hicharefourwordsorphrase.Choosethewordorphrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.ThenmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.Thechemicalwasfoundtobedetrimentaltohumanhealth.A.toxicB.immuneC.sensitiveD.allergicItwillbeadevastatingblowforthepatient,i

21、fthecliniccloses.A.permanentB.desperateC.destructiveD.suddenHekepttellingusabouthisoperationinthemostgraphicdetail.A.verifiableB.explicitC.preciseD.ambiguousThedifficultcasetestedtheingenuityofeventhemostskillfulphysician.A.credibilityB.commitmentC.honestyD.talentHeleftimmediatelyonthepretextthatheh

22、adtocatchatrain.A.claimB.clueC.excuseD.talentThenursewasfilledwithremorseofnotbelievingher.A.anguishB.regretC.apologyD.griefThedoctortriedtofindatactfulwayoftellingherthetruth.A.delicateB.communicativeC.skillfulD.considerateWhetherapersonlikesaroutineofficejobornotdependslargelyontemperament.A.dispo

23、sitionB.qualificationC.temptationD.endorsementThedoctorruledoutFridayssurgeryforthepatientsunexpectedcomplications.A.confirmedB.facilitatedC.postponedD.cancelledItisnoteasytoremaintranquilwheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife.A.cautiousB.motionlessC.calmD.alertPartIIICloze(10%)Directions:Inthissectionthe

24、reisapassagewithtennumberedblanks.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicemarkedA,B,CandDlistedontherightside.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.Expertssayabout1%ofyoungwomenintheUnitedStatesarealmoststarvingthemselvestoday.Theyaresufferingfromasicknesscalledanorexia.Theseyoungwo

25、menhaveanabnormalfearofgettingfat.They51starvethemselvessotheyweighat15%lessthantheirnormalweight.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthsaysone52tencasesofanorexialeadstoseriousmedicalproblems.Thesepatientscandiefromheartfailureorthediseasecanleadyoungwomento53themselves.Forexample,formergymnastChristyH

26、enrichdiedatage22.Sheweighedonly61pounds.Apersonwithanorexiafirstdevelopsjointandmuscleproblems.Thereisalackofironintheblood.54thesicknessprogresses,ayoungwomansbreathing,heartbeat,andbloodpressureratesslowdown.Theimportantsubstancecalciumis55fromthebones,somethingcausingbonestobreak.Sometimesthebra

27、ingetssmaller,causingchangesin56apersonthinksandacts.Scientistssaymanypatientshavefurthermentalandemotionalproblems.Theyhave57opinionsaboutthemselves.Theyfeelhelpless.Theirattemptstobecomeextremelythinmay58effortstotakecontroloftheirlives.Theymaybecomedependentonillegaldrugs.Somepeoplealsofeelthenee

28、dtocontinuallyrepeata(n)59.Forexample,theymayrepeatedlywashtheirhandsalthoughtheirhandsareclean.Anorexiaisaseriouseating60,.Ifitisnottreatedontime,itcanbefatal.51.A.specificallyB.purposelyC.particularlyD.passionately52.A.fromB.ofC.atD.in53.A.killB.starveC.abuseD.worsen54.A.WhenB.WhileC.AsD.Since55.A

29、.lostB.derivedC.generatedD.synthesized56.A.whatB.whyC.howD.which57.A.goodB.highC.lowerD.poor58.A.representB.makeC.presentD.exert59.A.medicationB.illusionC.motionD.action60.A.habitB.behaviorC.disorderD.patternPartIVReadingComprehension(30%)Direction:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowed

30、byfivequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneChildrenshouldavoidusingmobilephonesforallbutessentialcallsbecauseofpossiblehealtheffectsonyoungbrains.Thisisoneoftheexpectedconclusionsofanofficialgove

31、rnmentreporttobepublishedthisweek.Thereportisexpectedtocallforthemobilephoneindustrytorefrainfrompromotingphoneusebychildren,andtostartlabelingphoneswithdataontheamountofradiationtheyemit.TheIndependentExpertGrouponMobilePhones,chairedbyformergovernmentchiefscientistWilliamStewart,hasspenteightmonth

32、sreviewingexistingscientificevidenceonallaspectsofthehealtheffectsofusingmobilephones.Itsreportisbelievedtoconcludethatbecausewedontfullyunderstandthenonthermaleffectsofradiationonhumantissue,thegovernmentshouldadoptaprecautionaryapproach,particularlyinrelationtochildren.Thereiscurrentlynoevidenceth

33、atmobilephonesharmusersorpeoplelivingneartransmittermasts.Butsomestudiesshowthatcell-phonesoperatingatradiationlevelswithincurrentsafetylimitsdohavesomesortofbiologicaleffectonthebrain.JohnTattersall,aresearcheronthehealtheffectsofradiationattheDefenseEvaluationandResearchAgencyssiteatPortonDown,agr

34、eesthatitmightbewisetolimitphoneusebychildren.“Ifyouhaveadevelopingnervoussystem,itsknowntobemoresusceptibletoenvironmentalinsults,”hesays,“Soifphonesdidprovetobehazardouswhichtheyhaventyetitwouldbesensible.”In1998,Tattersallshowedthatradiationlevelssimilartothoseemittedbymobilephonescouldaltersigna

35、lsfrombraincellsinslicesofratbrain,“Whatwevefoundisaneffect,butwedontknowifitshazardous,”hesays.AlanPreeceoftheUniversityofBristol,whofoundlastyearthatmicrowavesincreasereactiontimesintestsubjects,agreedthatchildrensexposurewouldbegreater.“Theresalotlesstissueintheway,andtheskillisthinner,sochildren

36、sheadsareconsiderablycloser,”hesays.StewartsreportislikelytorecommendthatthecurrentBritishsafetystandardsonenergyemissionsfromcell-phonesshouldbecuttothelevelrecommendedbytheInternationalCommissiononNon-IonizingRadiationProtection,whichisone-fifthofthecurrentBritishlimit.“Theextrasafetyfactoroffivei

37、ssomewhatarbitrary,”saysMichaelClarkoftheNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard.“ButweacceptthatitsdifficultfortheUKtohavedifferentstandardsfromaninternationalbody.”Justbecauseithasnotbeenconfirmedyetwhethermobilephoneemissionscanharmhumantissue,accordingtothegovernmentreport,doesnotmeanthat.thegovernm

38、entshouldprohibitchildrenfromusingcell-phonesweshouldputdownthephoneforthesakeofsafetytheindustrycanhavearighttopromotephoneusechildrenaresafeusingcell-phonesTattersallarguesthatitiswisetorefrainmobilephoneusebychildrenintermsof.theirneuraldevelopmenttheirill-designedcell-phonesthefrequencyoftheirir

39、rationalusetheirignoranceofitspossiblehealtheffectsOntheissueinquestion,Preece.doesnotagreewithTattersalltriestoremovetheobstaclesinthewayasksforfurtherinvestigationwouldstandbyStewartWhatisworrisomeatpresentisthattheUK.isgoingtoturndeafearstothevoiceofStesartsplanfindsitdifficulttocutthecurrentsafe

40、tystandardsonphoneusemaintainsdifferentstandardsonsafetylimitfromtheinternationalonesdoesnotevenimposesafetylimitonthemobilephonesenergyemissions65Whichofthefollowingcanbithebestcandidateforthetitleofthepassage?A.BrainWaveB.ForAdultsOnlyC.CatchThemYoungD.TheAnswerintheAirPassageTwoAdvancesincosmetic

41、dentistryandplasticsurgeryhavemadeitpossibletocorrectfacialbirthdefects,repairdamagedteethandtissue,andpreventorgreatlydelaytheonsetoftoothdecayandgumdisease.Asaresult,morepeoplesmilemoreoftenandmoreopenlytodaythaneverinthepast,andwecanexpectmoresmilesinthefuture.Evidenceofthesmilesascentmaybeseenin

42、famouspaintingsinmuseumsandgalleriesthroughouttheworld.Thevastmajorityofprosperousbigwigs（要人）,voluptuousnudes,ormiddle-classfamilymembersinformalportraitsanddomesticscenesappeartohavetheirmouthsfirmlyclosed.Soldiersinbattle,childrenatplay,beggars,oldpeople,andespeciallyvillainsmayhavetheirmouthsopen

43、;buttheirsmilesareseldomattractive,andmoreoftensuggeststrainorviolencethanjoy.Smilesconveyawiderangeofmeaningsindifferenterasandcultures,saysarthistorianAngusTrumble,currentlycurator（馆长）ofYaleUniversitysCenterforBritishArt,inhisbookABriefHistoryoftheSmile.Compare,forinstance,thevaryingimpressionsmad

44、ebytheshydimples（酒窝）ofLeonardosMonaLisa;therosy-cheeked,mustachioedLaughingCavalierofFransHals;andthe”SmileyFace”logoperfected（thoughnotinvented）in1963byAmericangraphicartistHarveyR.Ball.Insomenon-Westerncultures,Trumblenotes,evenawarm,opensmiledoesnotnecessarilyindicatepleasureoragreement.Itcansimp

45、lybeapolitemasktocoveremotionsconsideredtoorudeorshockingtobiopenlydisplayed.Subtledifferencesinmusclemovementcanconveyenormousdifferencesinemotion,fromthetranquilityofbronzeBuddhas,totheeroticblissofcouplesentwinedinstoneonHindutemples,tothefiercesmirk（假笑）ofaguardiandemonattheentrancetoaChinesetomb

46、.TrumbleexpectstheimpactofWesternmedicineandmassmediatofurtherincreasethepressureonpeopletogrinbroadlyandlaughopenlyinpublic.”Faintsmilesareincreasinglythoughtofinscientificandpsychologicalcirclesassomethingthatfallsshortofthetruesmile,”andthereforesuggestinsincerityorlackofenthusiasm,hesays.Withtat

47、tooing,bobypiercing,andpermanentcosmeticsalreadywellestablishedasfashiontrends,onecanimaginetomorrowsbeautyshopsaddingplasticsurgeonsanddentiststotheirstaffs.Thesecomer-storecosmeticianswouldofferstylemakeoverstoreshapeourlips,teeth,andjawlinestomimicthesignaturesmileofonesfavoritecelebrity.Whatcany

48、ousaytothatexcept”Haveaniceday？”Haditnotbeenforcosmeticadvances,asinferredfromthepassage,.A.peoplewouldnothavebeenashappyastheyaretodaytherateoffacialbirthdefectwouldnothavedeclinedC.therewouldnothavebeenmanymoreopensmileswewouldnothaveseensmilingfacesinpublicAccordingtothepassage,itseemsthatwhether

49、thereisasmileornotintheportraitsorpicturesisdecidedby.onesinternalsenseoftheexternalworldB.onesidentityorsocialpositionC.onestimesofexistenceD.AlloftheaboveTrumblesstudyonsmilesshowsthat.anopensmilecanserveasacover-upB.thefamousportraitsradiatevaryingsmileseventhehumanmusclescanarousevaryingemotions

50、smilescanrepresentmisinterpretationsofdifferenterasandculturesWhatTrumbleexpectstoseeis.theincreasingtendencyofbroadgrinsandopensmilesinpublicB.furtherimpactofWesternmedicineuponnon-Westernculturesawiderrangeofmeaningstobeconveyedbysmilesmoreofsincerityandenthusiasminpublic70.Attheendofthepassage,th

51、eauthorimplicates.afortunetocomewithcosmeticadvancesB.anidenticalsmileforeverybobyC.futurechangesinlifestyleD.thefutureofsmilesPassageThreeAdolfHitlersurvivedanassassinationattemptin1944withthelampofpenicillinmadebytheAllies,amicrobiologistintheUKclaims.IftheNazileaderhaddiedfrombacterialinfectionof

52、hismanywounds,theSecondWorldWarmighthavebeenoverayearearlier,savingmillionsoflives,saysMiltonWainwrightoftheUniversityofSheffield,anotedhistorianofmicrobiology.InapapertobepublishedsooninPerspectivesinBiologyandMedicine,Wainwrightrevealsfirst-handevidencethatHitlerwastreatedwithpenicillinbyhisperson

53、aldoctor,TheoMorrell,followinganassassinationattemptinwhichabombinasuitcaseexplodednexttoHitlersdesk.Hitlerwasbadlyhurt,fleeingthescenewithhishairandtrousersonfire,abadlybleedingarmandcountlesswoodensplinterwoundsfromtheoaktablethatprobablysavedhislife.WainwrightfoundconfirmationthatMorrellgaveHitle

54、rantibioticsasaprecautioninarecenttranslationofMorrellsowndiary.“Ihappenedtobereadingitforinterestwhenthewordpenicillinjumpedoutatme,”hesays.HethensetabouttryingtoestablishwhereMorrellmighthavegotthedrug.Atthetime,penicillinwasavailableonlytotheAllies.GermanandCzechoslovakianteamshadtriedwithoutmuch

55、successtomakeit,Wainwrightsays,butthesmallquantitiesthatwereavailablewereweakandimpure.“Itsgenerallyacceptedthatitwasnogood,”saysWainwright.HereasonsthatMorrellwouldonlyhaveriskedgivingHitlerpenicillintopreventinfectionsifhewereconfidentthattheantibioticwouldcure,notkilltheGermanpremier.“Myresearchs

56、howsthatMorrell,inaverydodgy（危险的）positionasHitlersdoctor,wouldonlyhaveusedpurestuff.”AndtheonlyreliablepenicillinwasthatmadebytheAllies.SowheredidMorrellgetit?WainwrightsinvestigationsrevealedthatAlliedairmencarriedpenicillin,sotheGermansmayhaveconfiscatedsomefromprisonersofwar.Theothermorelikelysou

57、rceisfromneutralcountriessuchSpain,whichreceivedpenicillinfromAlliedcountriesforhumanitarianpurposes,perhapsfortreatingsickchildren.“IhaveprooftheAlliesweresendingittothesecountries,”saysWainwright.“Imsayingthiswouldhavegotthroughindiplomaticbags,reachingHitlersdoctorandthehigherechelons（阶层）oftheNaz

58、iparty.Sothiswasalmostcertainlypure,Alliedpenicillin.“WecanneverbecertainitsavedHitlerslife,”saysWainwright.ButhenotesthatoneofHitlershenchmen（死党），ReinhardHeydrich,diedfrombloodpoisoningaftersurvivingacar-bombassassinationattempt.“Hairfromhisseatwentintohiswoundsandgavehimsepticemia,”saysWainwright.

59、MorrellmayhavebeenanxioustoensurethatHitleravoidedthesamefate.AccordingtoWainwright,AdolfHitler.mighthaveusedbiologicalweaponsinthewarcouldnothavecommittedsuicideasconfirmedcouldhavediedofbacterialinfectionmighthavesurvivedabacterialplagueFollowinghisassassinationin1944,AdolfHitler.begantoexercisepr

60、ecautionsagainsthispersonalattackswasanxioustohavepenicillindevelopedinhiscountryreceivedanjinjectionofpenicillinforbloodpoisoningwassuspectedofbeinglikelytogetinfectedAsWainwrightreasons,Hitlerspersonaldoctor.cannothavedaredtoprescribeGerman-madepenicillintohimneednothaveusedpureantibioticforhissus