六级阅读之选词填空解题指导

1、CET-6 辅导选词填空(15选10)应试技巧题型简介本题型出现在仔细阅读部分（共25分钟），在两篇传统阅读文章之前（每篇文章解题时间约为9分钟）。所以本题型共10道小题最佳完成时间应控制在7分钟。考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇选项填入10个空格中。 考点分析 考试形式与传统考题的完形填空相似。选词填空，当然是考词汇。但较之以往专门的词汇题，选词填空是对词汇更完全的更高层次的考查；因为它所考查的，是在篇章中对词汇的把握。考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。特点：1. 近义词辨析不多，2. 固定搭配不多3. 词性辨析比较容易4. 题目设计的原则

2、是首句不设空，一句话中不设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文 .难点：1. 词性可能会变。2. 错一题，可能会错两题。 选词填空特点和难点选项频率统计备选15个单词3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案。3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案。3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案。1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。 解题步骤：一、通读全文，抓住中心（首段，首句原则）二、阅读选项，词性分类（注意分析动词时态）三、全盘考虑，灵活选择（根据所需词性缩小 范围，每词只能用一次，固定搭配）四、复读全文，核查答案（快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确）15选10技巧一、 通读全文，抓住中心（首段，首句原则） 通读全

3、文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的文章内容。这大概就用1分钟时间。 选词填空短文的第一句对全文的内容有概括提示作用，所以一定要认真看懂第一句，而且反复出现的词也是帮助考生掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。 提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。One in six. Believe it or not, thats the number of Americans who struggle with hunger.(12-6)The popular notion that older people need

4、less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.(11-6)二、 阅读选项，词性分类（注意分析动词时态）认识的，直接标出不认识的，相面整理选项。大概花费1分钟，即辨别每个单词词性的时间为4秒/词。分别标出15个备选项的词性，比如在名词旁标注n.，在动词旁写上v.，形容词旁标注adj.，副词旁写上adv.等。目前四六级考试只考实词（notional words）中的四种：名词n、动词v、形容词adj、副词adv； （不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词art, 介词prep, 连词conj, 感叹词interj）

5、 ）特点：四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv, 不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三道题。根据真题，动词一般是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也有四个的。3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是-ing形式要自己根据语法判断。标注词性时注意的问题此外,以-ing, -ed 结尾的词也可能是分词转变而来的形容词，如holding 做动词：Shes holding her mothers hand. 做形容词：holding company (控股公司)；再如acquired：做动词：academic skills he acquired. 做

6、形容词：a newly acquired jacket (新买的夹克)。1. 不认识的单词看词缀2. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性 比如：有的词display, concern, challenge做名词 和做动词都很常见.这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。1. 名词后缀 1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor 2) -acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3) -ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, d

7、iligence, difference, obedience 4) -ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5) -bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6) -dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7) age: package， shortage， marriage8) ant: assistant， accountant， inhabitant9) -hood, 表示资格，身份, 年

8、纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood 10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 11) -ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 12) -ty, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, loyalty， identity13) -ment

9、, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 14) -ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 15) cy: bankruptcy， literacy， democracy 16) -ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship 17) -th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, grow

10、th18) -tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) 19) -ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)20) -grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 21) -ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 22) -ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 23) -nomy, 表示学术 astronomy,

11、 economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible 2) 名词-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish (注意 plish, vanish) 3) ive: active, sensitive, productive 4) like: manlike, childlike 5) 名词-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6) ory: satisfactory， illusory7) ic: realistic，

12、specific， poetic， energetic8) ical: physical， classical， economical9) some: troublesome, handsome 10) ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 11) ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, 12) ent: violent 13) most: foremost, topmost 14) -less: 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless 15) al: personal， i

13、nternal， critical， accidental， 16) ary: necessary， primary， secondary17) ious: religious， furious， precious18) y: dirty， healthy， rainy， thirsty， sunny3. 动词后缀 1) -ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2) -en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” : quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy, 表示“使化, 使

14、成” : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish, 表示使，令”: finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” : separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly：bad badly严重地/恶劣地，careful carefully小心地 -wise：clock clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like likewise同样地 -ward(s)：out outwards向外面地，north

15、 northwards向北方地文中生词怎么办？猜！1. 定义法a. 定义句 谓语动词通常为be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等b. 定语从句修饰 定语从句是对先行词的修饰、限定、解释或说明。c. 同位语 同位语两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。同位语前常有or, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e.等副词或短语出现Anthropology is the scienti

16、fic study of man.人类学 In slang(俚语)the term “jam” refers to a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 由定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder.根据生词SAD后面的定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disor

17、der可以推断出SAD的含义为“季节性情绪紊乱症”。The harbor(港口) is protected by a jetty a wall built out into the water.防波堤Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits（电路）由or引出的同位语推测为“电容量”。2. 同意替换法 that is, meaning, such as, or, likewise.表示同类关系的常用词有

18、as, or, similarly, like, just as, also等 Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind. 优柔寡断Although he often had the chance, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.作者为避免重复使用endange

19、r一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代，由此可以推知其词义。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的3. 转折对比法注意一些表示意思转折的词和短语though, as, although, despite, while, in spite of ,still , but, yet , while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike,

20、 not, instead Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.有保留的；沉默的 A good manager can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.分析： 句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人和非熟练工人区别开。4. 常识经验法 根据上下文的语言环境，运用生活常识和逻辑推理能力猜测生词的词义也是一种行之有效的方法。 这种生词经常出现在表现因果关系的句子中，引导词有because, since, a

21、s, for, so, therefore, so/suchthat, so that等The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 门楣 Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral.因为“年轻的胡佛去世了”，所以根据我们的常识可推测funeral意为“葬礼”。 I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. 坚定的，果断的After spending three

22、 weeks in the woods, Henry was tired of solitude.孤独 The teacher did not hear the knock at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.以因果关系为线索，可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引，全神贯注”。5. 例子判断法例子可以帮助我们推测词义，常用词有for example, for instance, such as, like等。 Select any of these periodicals: Times, Newswe

23、ek or Readers Digest.期刊，杂志Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 家用电器 The results of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not limited to a sma

24、ll geographical area as they were in the past.由后文引出的wars and great scientific discoveries可以猜出epochal的大致意义是“重要的”，这与其确切意义“划时代的”十分接近。6. 词根、词缀、合成词法 前缀后缀合成词 oversee = over + see landmark = land + mark throughout = through + out setback = set + backdownloadrunaway motorcyclefeedback This possibility was u

25、nforeseeable，because it almost never happened. unforeseeableunforeseeable un fore see able 不先、前、预看见能的；可以的不可预见的Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.突出三、全盘考虑，灵活选择名词动词形容词副词固定搭配 我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑结构选择合适的选项填空。以下情况，空白处为名词：（名词通常做主语或动词介词

26、宾语）a/the n. 前有冠词n. V. 空白后为谓语动词prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词 4 空格前的名词作定语（注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数；根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数）Education soon became a _. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many prod

27、ucts. (06-12)正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。” As the trade winds lessen in _, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”

28、 Although there is still a big wage _50_ between men and women, (06-12)gap 以下情况，空白处为动词：1 n./pron. Vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动2 n./pron. Vi.前名后无名，谓动不及物3 n./pron. Vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物4 to v.前有to，后原型5 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动Scientists _54_ this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(

29、06-6)estimateNowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will _55_, but (06-6)strike Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits.(10-12) indicates Not long ago, many car dealers _53_ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back

30、 with their husbands. (06-12)insultedHe _ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain medicine. (07-6) 正确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”I

31、n particular, when older patients _ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) complained They are presented with a _50 _ of human experiences and come to _51 _ other ways of thought and living. (08-12)diversity; respect非谓语动词空格前是be动词,

32、这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式空格前是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词加ed形式。当出现“一个完整的句子 + ，_ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式,当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。介词, 后面应填入动名词。非谓语动词形式可以做形容词使用。It may be that mothers are _ 56_ in a way we didnt measure in the study. (09-12)contributing All of these are influenced by

33、the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . (10-12)raisedThe rainfall is increased across South America, _ floods to Peru. (06-6) bringing Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. continuing And it would tak

34、e an average of 65 years for the _49_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. reduced以下情况，空白处为形容词：当出现“a/the/the most/more +_+名词”的结构时，空格后为名词，空格处可能填入形容词link v.be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _ weather in

35、modern history. (06-6) destructive The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. (10-12)psychological Thats 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75. (11-6)different以下情况，空白处

36、为副词：空格前面或者后面为动词的, 空格后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。当一句话出现“主语 + _ + 谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。 But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _47_ wasteful to tear them all down and _48_ them with greener versions. (10-6)incredibly; replaceToday, we take pain _. (07-6)这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform（做得比。好） their peers in monolingual programs。主语是students，