Unit6 新编研究生 基础综合英语 邱东林

1、Unit 6 GlobalizationmainPartA_ Lead-in1Pre-listeningListeningWord BuildingLead-inBackground InformationYou will hear Thomas Friedman recapitulating his view of the three eras of globalization. Before listening, read the following key words and phrases selected from the talk and guess the features of

2、 each era. Tell a partner your guesses and find out what he / she thinks.Part APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Lead-in2Pre-listeningListeningWord BuildingLead-inPart APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationBackground InformationKey Words and PhrasesThree erasGlobalization 1.0Globalizat

3、ion 2.0Globalization 3.0FeaturesSize large to mediumCountriesImperialismPowerNatural resourcesSize medium to small Companies MarketsLaborSize small to tiny Individuals and smallgroups Every color of the rainbowPartA_ Word BuildingWord BuildingLead-inPre-listeningListeningMatch each of the words in t

4、he left column with its meaning in the right.Part APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationBackground InformationA. to enjoy a commanding, controlling positionB. to be the leader of a movementC. without an equal or equivalent; unparalleledD. marked by intensity and vigor; forcefulE. to cause to becom

5、e smaller1. shrink 2. dynamic3. spearhead 4. unique5. dominate1) The hot water my pullover. 2) He has a personality. 3) American troops formed the of the attack. 4) Every individual is .5) Price tends to all other considerations. PartA_ Word BuildingWord BuildingPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPar

6、t CFill in the following blanks with the previous words.shrank_Lead-inThree Eras of GlobalizationBackground Informationdynamic_spearhead _unique_dominate_Thomas Friedman Thomas Friedman, the foreign affair columnist for the New York Times, graduated from Brandeis University in Mediterranean studies

7、and won his masters degree in Middle East studies at Oxford University. He has won three Pulitzer Prizes. His works include From Beirut to Jerusalem, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Longitudes and Latitudes. The present excerpt is taken from his speech at MIT, introducing his new book, The World Is Fl

8、at.PartA_ Background InformationWord BuildingBackground InformationPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CLead-inThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Background InformationWord BuildingBackground InformationPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CLead-inThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Listening1Pre-

9、listeningListeningListen to the talk. Choose from the following options the features of each era of globalization. How good were your guesses?Part APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Listening2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CThree Eras of Globalizationa. The world shrank from size

10、 large to size medium.b. Individuals and small groups can globalize themselves to a much greater extent. c. The world shrank from size medium to size small.d. It will be built around individuals and small groups of every race in the world.e. The company was the dynamic agent.f. The world is shrinkin

11、g from size small to size tiny.g. Globalization is achieved through the country.globalization 1.0:globalization 3.0:a, g_globalization 2.0:c, e_f, b, d _How long did the first era of globalization last according to Thomas Friedman?The first era lasted from until .What are the reasons for the countri

12、es going global?Countries went global for the reasons of .1) 2)PartA_ Listening3Listen to the talk again, and complete the answers to the following questions. Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart C1492_Three Eras of Globalizationthe early 1800s_imperialism, power, natural resources_PartA_ Listenin

13、g4Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CThree Eras of Globalization3) 4) 5) 6)How long did the second era of globalization last?The second era of globalization was from until the year 2000.Who are the leaders of the second era of globalization?That era of globalization was globalizing.What are the

14、 reasons for the second era of globalization? For and for .What is unique about the third era of globalization?It is built around globalizing. the early 1800s_spearheaded by companies _markets_labor_individuals and small groups _PartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningBasically what I am arguing

15、 there is that, thereve been 3 great eras of globalization, I would argue. The first era, try to call globalization 1.0, lasted from while, I would say, 1492 until the early 1800s. Say, 1820 was the beginning of global arbitrage. The first era of globalization 1.0 really shrank the world from a size

16、 large to a size medium. That era of globalization was really spearheaded by countries globalizing. You went global through your country. Whether its Spain exploring the new world, Portugal East Asia, Britain colonizing India, it was countries going global for reasons of imperialism, power, natural

17、resources. But the dynamic agent of globalization in that era was really the country. The second era of globalization, globalization 2.0, I would argue, was from early 1800s until the year 2000. It just ended. And that era of globalization shrank the world from size medium to size small. And that er

18、a of globalization, I would argue, was spearheaded by companies globalizing, multinationalsPart APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart Cglobalizing for markets and for labor. And in that era of globalization, you went global through your

19、company. The company was the dynamic agent of that era of globalization. What I am trying to argue in this book is while you were sleeping, we enter globalization 3.0, certainly while I was sleeping. It is shrinking the world from size small to size tiny and flattening the global economic playing fi

20、eld at the same time. Only whats really new, unique and different about this era is that this era of globalization is not built around countries globalizing, and its not built around companies globalizing. What is new and unique about this era is the degree to which it is and will continue to be bui

21、lt around individuals globalizing, individuals and small groups. What is the new and unique thing about this era is the degree to which individuals and small groups can globalize themselves and increasingly must think of themselves globally and locate themselves globally. And pay attention, this era

22、 ofThree Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart Cglobalization, I would argue, unlike globalization 1.0 and 2.0, is not gonna be built exclusively around a group of white western individuals who dominated the first 2 eras of globalization. Its gonna be buil

23、t around individuals and small groups of every color of the rainbow who will be able to plug and play.Three Eras of GlobalizationPartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CThree Eras of GlobalizationBasically what I am arguing there is that, thereve been 3 great eras of globalizat

24、ion, I would argue. The first era, try to call globalization 1.0, lasted from while, I would say, 1492 until the early 1800s. Say, 1820 was the beginning of global arbitrage. The first era of globalization 1.0 really shrank the world from a size large to a size medium. That era of globalization was

25、really spearheaded by countries globalizing. You went global through your country. Whether its Spain exploring the new world, Portugal East Asia, Britain colonizing India, it was countries going global for reasons of imperialism, power, natural resources. But the dynamic agent of globalization in th

26、at era was really the country. The second era of globalization, globalization 2.0, I would argue, was from early 1800s until the year 2000. It just ended. And that era of globalization shrank the world from size medium to size small. And that era of globalization, I would argue, was spearheaded by c

27、ompanies globalizing, multinationalsPartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CThree Eras of Globalizationglobalizing for markets and for labor. And in that era of globalization, you went global through your company. The company was the dynamic agent of that era of globalization.

28、What I am trying to argue in this book is while you were sleeping, we enter globalization 3.0, certainly while I was sleeping. It is shrinking the world from size small to size tiny and flattening the global economic playing field at the same time. Only whats really new, unique and different about t

29、his era is that this era of globalization is not built around countries globalizing, and its not built around companies globalizing. What is new and unique about this era is the degree to which it is and will continue to be built around individuals globalizing, individuals and small groups. What is

30、the new and unique thing about this era is the degree to which individuals and small groups can globalize themselves and increasingly must think of themselves globally and locate themselves globally. And pay attention, this era ofPartA_ Listening-spritPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CThree Er

31、as of Globalizationglobalization, I would argue, unlike globalization 1.0 and 2.0, is not gonna be built exclusively around a group of white western individuals who dominated the first 2 eras of globalization. Its gonna be built around individuals and small groups of every color of the rainbow who w

32、ill be able to plug and play.PartB_lead in1You will hear a speech about globalization and China. The speaker talked about the benefits and challenges brought out by globalization. Try to list as many benefits and challenges as you can with a partner before listening to the speech. Word BuildingLead-

33、inBackground InformationPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CGlobalization and ChinaBenefits:Challenges:PartB_lead in2Pre-listeningBackground InformationListeningWord BuildingLead-inPart APart BPart CEternal Lovehigher productivity and living standards / increased efficiency / better legal system

34、 / more foreign investment_navigating the capital market and ensuing equality / higher unemployment / income disparities_PartB_ Word Building1Match each word in the left column with its definition in the right one. Word BuildingLead-inBackground InformationPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEte

35、rnal LoveA. to have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequenceB. to put out of usual place, position or relationshipC. the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree; differenceD. to abate the courage of; discourageE. to make part of the larger unit1. integra

36、te2. daunt3. dislocate4. disparity 5. entailPartB_lead in2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LoveWord BuildingLead-inBackground InformationFill in the following blanks with the previous words. 1) 2) 3) 4)This project is to research information into its collection management system.It is

37、 to think that your job will no longer exist in the next decade.Members of the colonized and the colonizers underwent processes of identity in this era.The period 1820-1860 has been the attention of both economic and labor historians due to the apparent in wage egrate_daunting_dislocation_d

38、isparity _PartB_lead in2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LoveWord BuildingLead-inBackground Information5)This will among others preparation of project work plans, budget revisions and organization of field visits.entail_PartB_ Background Information1Word BuildingLead-inBackground Info

39、rmationPre-listeningIMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rate and the balance of payments. It is anListenin

40、gPart APart BPart CEternal Loveorganization formed with a stated objective of stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development. It also offers highly leveraged loans, mainly to poorer countries. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C., United States.PartB_ Background Informatio

41、n2Kofi Annan Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.Word BuildingLead-inBackground Informat

42、ionPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LovePartB_ Listening1Listen to the talk and complete the table by putting the entries into the corresponding boxes. Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal Loveahigher productivity and living standardsbhigher unemploymentcmaking domestic ind

43、ustry more efficientdspurring the development of the legal and regulatory framework necessary for a market economyegreater income disparitiesfincreasing foreign direct investmentPartB_ Listening2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LoveBenefits of Globalization aChallenges China FacesPoli

44、cies to Meet the Challengesb, ec, d, fPartB_ Listening3Listen to the talk again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Give reasons for your answersPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal Love1)For China, integrating further into the global system is out of th

45、e question.For China, integrating further into the global system is no longer a question.F( )2) The benefits of globalization are now shared by all.The benefits of globalization should be shared by all.F( )PartB_ Listening4Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LoveT( )3)Chinas policy is to

46、 further open up. 4)Agriculture and automobiles are dislocated because of globalization. Agriculture and automobiles are examples of possible dislocation because of globalization.F( )T( )5)How to better social security system and banking system should be on the mind of the policy makers. PartB_ List

47、ening-sprit1 Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be here at this critical point in Chinas remarkable development. Your topic, globalization and its far-reaching impacts, could not be more timely. It tops the international agenda in policymaking circles, it absorbs academics and schol

48、ars, it generates much interest in the media, and it fascinates people around the world as they debate the impact on their own lives. For China, this topic is anything but theoretical. It could not be more real. In the coming months and years, China must make decisions that will determine how well i

49、t integrates further into the global system. There is no longer a question of whether to integrate, but only of how best to do so. Globalization offers enormous benefits, in the form of higher productivity and living standards. But it also poses daunting challenges navigating capital markets and ens

50、uring that the benefits of the globalized economy are shared by all. In the end, China, like allPre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal LovePartB_ Listening-sprit2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal Lovenations, must find its own way, true to its culture and institutions. The IMF

51、, along with the rest of the UN family, can help by providing a safer environment to do so. As UN Secretary General Kofi Annan recently said: “It is our job to ensure globalization provides benefits, not just for some, but for all; that peace and security hold, not only for a few, but for the many;

52、that opportunities exist, not merely for the privileged, but for every human being everywhere.” Chinas decision to further open up its economy should help to make domestic industry more efficient, spur the development of the legal and regulatory framework necessary for a market economy, and increase

53、 foreign direct investment. But it will also give rise to major short-term dislocations in the transition possibly including higher unemployment and greater income disparities. It will certainly increase competitive pressures in a number of sectors (agriculture, automobiles, and certain capital inte

54、nsive producers, such as in telecommunications), all of which should work in the right direction for the longer term.PartB_ Listening-sprit3Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal Love For these reasons, it is essential that China continue to prepare its domestic enterprises and banking syst

55、em for global competition. This will entail establishing a government social security system, strengthening the banking system, and further liberalizing interest rates. As the effects of increased competition feed through into efficiency and productivity gains, reversing the declines witnessed in re

56、cent years, the benefits will be seen in higher living standards for Chinas people.PartB_ Listening-sprit1Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BPart CEternal Love Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be here at this critical point in Chinas remarkable development. Your topic, globalizatio

57、n and its far-reaching impacts, could not be more timely. It tops the international agenda in policymaking circles, it absorbs academics and scholars, it generates much interest in the media, and it fascinates people around the world as they debate the impact on their own lives. For China, this topi

58、c is anything but theoretical. It could not be more real. In the coming months and years, China must make decisions that will determine how well it integrates further into the global system. There is no longer a question of whether to integrate, but only of how best to do so. Globalization offers en

59、ormous benefits, in the form of higher productivity and living standards. But it also poses daunting challenges navigating capital markets and ensuring that the benefits of the globalized economy are shared by all. In the end, China, like allPartB_ Listening-sprit2Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BP

60、art CEternal Lovenations, must find its own way, true to its culture and institutions. The IMF, along with the rest of the UN family, can help by providing a safer environment to do so. As UN Secretary General Kofi Annan recently said: “It is our job to ensure globalization provides benefits, not ju