商务英语写作2

1、Basic Sentence PatternsMichelleTeaching Goals I. Students know the following sentence patterns: 1. SV 2. SVCs 3. SVO 4. SVOiOd 5. SVOCoMain Points The five kinds of sentence patternsDifficult PointsVerbsSubjectLinking VerbSubject ComplementDirect/Indirect ObjectObject ComplementTransitive/Intransiti

2、ve主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如：1. The red sun rises in the east.2.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.3. She sat there alone, reading a novel.4.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong

3、ones may stay up.巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5每天八时开始上课。1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in

4、 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;如：Our English t

5、eacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. 巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5他失业了。主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2

6、. I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3. They havent decided where to go next.4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.5. It took them ten years to build the dam.6. Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。1. I wrote a letter last

7、 night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先

8、说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。 5我替你叫辆出租汽

9、车好吗？1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无

10、宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小

11、偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。1.We call her Alice. 2.All of us considered him honest.3.They have set the thief free. 4.I want you to tell me the truth. 5.The guards ordered us to leave at once. There be 句型说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句

12、型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/see

13、m/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 1.There was only a well in the village. 2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afterno

14、on. 4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 5.There used to be a cinema here before the war. 活用句型用于文章主题句不用说。It goes without saying that 子句=（It is）needless to say (that)= It is obvious that= Obviously, S. + V.e.g. It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 不用说早睡早起是值得的2.

15、 。是不可能的；无法。 There is no v+ing= There is no way of v+ing= There is no possibility of v+ing= It is impossible to V= It is out of the question to v.= No one can v.= We cannot v.e.g. There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.不可否认的，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心3. 我深信。I am greatly con

16、vinced (that)= I am greatly assured (that)E.g. I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 我确认预防胜于治疗。4. 在各种。之中Among various kinds of, = Of all the, E.g. Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular. 在各种运动中，我最喜欢慢跑。5. .无论如何强调都不为过 cannot be overemphasizede.g. The importan

17、ce of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.6. 就我的看法。；我认为。 In my opinion,= To my mind,= As far as I am concerned,= I am of the opinion thatE.g. In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.7. 根据我个人经验。 According to my personal experience,= Based on my pe

18、rsonal experience,e.g. According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.在我认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比。更值得我尊敬。Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than8. 在这信息的年代。扮演重要的角色。In the age of information and communication, plays an important role. 在今日工业社会中。是生命不可或缺的。In todays

19、 industrial society, is indispensable to life.9. 世上没有什么比。更令我高兴。Nothing in the world can delight me so much as10. 俗话说得好：Well goes an old saying, “”= As an old saying goes (runs, says), “”= Its an old saying (that)合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ mod

20、est/ moderate精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/ impressive/ spectacular/ superb杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable聪明的: intell

21、egent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive/ mighty小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule重要的: important/ significant/ concernful/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/

22、 primary/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful最好的: optimum/ premium基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant过多的:excess

23、ive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraordinary/ special奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate无效的: null/ invalid/ void/in vain有效的: valid/ acceptable/ effective/ result

24、ful/ efficient/ competent/rewarding/fruitful高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusing成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs观点: point of view/

25、standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth好处: advantage/ behoove/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ d

26、efect发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow普及: popularization/ prevalence/ 出现: emergence情况: circumstance/ condition原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason影响: infection/ influence/ impact想法：Hypothesis/assumption/notion/opinion/idea/thought动词提供:provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate思考: c

27、onsider/ speculate/ ponder/ think建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote解释: understand/ comprehend说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illus

28、trate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate开始:start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with反对: oppose/ argue against/

29、combat副词非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly表连接后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length因此: therefore/

30、 thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereasRevise these sentences as necessary to eliminate any errors in parallel structure.1. Sentence elements performing parallel functions but that are not written in parallel grammatical form should be revised2. To need a

31、 new pair of shoes and not being able to afford them is sad.3. The governor is a woman of talent and who understands state problems.4. To swim in a pool is not as much fun as swimming in a river.5. The hotel clerk knew that we had paid our bill and we had our receipt.6. Tilian is a painter of great

32、skill and who uses color in dramatic ways.7. The boy who came to our house asked to be fed and where he could be clothed.8. We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive, useful and looked nice.9. We met a Frenchman who had lived in Brazil, but he knew very little about his own c

33、ountry.10. Alberto was away for ten years before he was able to return home and sees his family.11. You do not need to risk carrying cash or to risk to pass up a sale.12. With credit cards you can either pay your bill with one check, or you can stretch out your payments.13. You can charge both at re

34、staurants and when you stay at hotels.14. Many people carry not only credit cards but also they carry cash.15. Many people want neither to read a products warranty nor sending it into a company.16. The coach announced that athletes need special diets, that sweets add needless fats and calories, and

35、we should avoid chocolates at all costs.17. On Saturdays I like visiting my aunt, taking her to the shops downtown, and to help her buy food or clothing.18. Our instructor suggested several books for supplementary reading and that we should do research on the subject.19. Before he was elected Presid

36、ent, Richard Nixon promised to restore law and order and brinding us together as a united people.20. I knew that these would be my major tasks in the prewriting stage of my paper: determining my purpose, to restrict my subject, gathering and sorting data, and I must plan the order of my material.Sam

37、ple writingsHow do movies or television influence peoples behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the s

38、cope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of t

39、heir sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages.The major means that mass media influence the pub

40、lic is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The W