Unit 1 Grammar and usage 倒装学案-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第一册

1、O1U1 Grammar: Inversion（倒装）i局部倒装一、以so开头的句子的两种倒装1.以so开头，表示“另一个人的情况同样如此”，使用倒装，结构为“So +助动词 (be/do/have/will)/情态动词+主语”；否认用neither或nor开头，表示“另一个人的情况同 样不是如此，结构为Neither/Nor+助动词(be/do/have/will)/情态动词+主语”。例如：(1)一My brother works hard at school.一So does Tom.我的哥哥在学校学习很勤奋。一一汤姆也是这样。(2)一He cant do it.一Nor can I; n

2、or can you; nor can anybody.他做不到。一一我也做不到；你也做不到；任何人都做不到。【注意】当前一句话中所描述的情况是两种或两种以上，这时要表示另一个人的情况也同 样如此，要使用以下固定结构：so it is with或It is the same with。例如：(1)Tom is from America and he can speak two languages. So it is with Jack.汤姆来自美国，并且他会说两门语言。一一杰克也是如此。(2)I don*t like English but I like Chinese very much.S

3、o it is with me.我不喜欢英语，但是我非常喜欢中文。一一我也是这样。【即时巩固】(1)Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes.was it yesterday.【注意】以so开头不使用倒装的情况：so用在句首表示对他人所说的话表示赞同，解释为“就是那样，确实如此”的含义，这时 S。引起的句子不需要使用倒装。例如：一David has made great progress recently.一So he has, and so have you.大卫最近进步很大。一一他确实进步很大，你也进步很大。(此句前半句未使用倒装，表示赞同前者的话：David

4、确实取得了很大的进步。后半句使用倒 装，表示另一人的情况也同样如此：你也一样取得了巨大的进步。)【即时巩固】(2)一Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.一So(she), and so did I.(3)一Father, you promised! Well, so(I). But it was you who didn*t keep your word first.(4)一I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So(you).(5)一Well, I do think the rabbit is

5、 a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.So(it).2.在so+adj./adv.that这一结构中，so + adj./adv.位于句首引起局部倒装。例如：(l)The workmen finished their work so quickly that they were given a bonus.f So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.工人完成他们的工作如此之快，他们得到了奖金。(2)The mark was

6、 so small that I could hardly see it.f So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.这个记号太小了，我几乎看不见。(3)1 felt it so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.f So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to lea

7、rn English well.我觉得住在一个讲英语的国家很难，所以我决心学好英语。【即时巩固】(6)So little they agree with each other that the neighboring countries could not settletheir difference.二、only位于句首修饰状语引起局部倒装only位于句首时修饰状语(从句)引起局部倒装。only所修饰局部如果是个状语从句，那么 该状语从句中不需要倒装，倒装局部应该是主句。另外，如果only位于句首修饰的不是状 语，那么无须使用倒装。例如：(l)Only then did I realize

8、that 1 was wrong.只有到了那个时候我才意识到我错了。(2)Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有以这样的方式你才能在英语方面取得进步。(3)Only when thn war was over in 1945 was he able to get a college education.只有当战争苏1945洋结黄的时焉，而才金接受大学教育o(4)Only Mary knows the fact.只有玛丽知道这个事实。(only修饰主语，无须倒装)【即时巩固】(7)Only when you can fi

9、nd peace in your heart you keep good relationships withothers.三、否认词或半否认词位于句首引起局部倒装.这一类位于句首引起局部倒装的否认词或带有否认意义的词主要有：not, never, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, in no case, at no time, in no way, by no means, under no circumstances, on no condition 等等。例如：(l)Seldom has she met him recently.最近她很

10、少遇见他。(2)In no case will I give up.我绝不放弃。(3)Never before have I seen such a good film.以前我从来没有看过这么好看的电影。(4)Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.在昨天的聚会上她一首歌都没唱。(5)Little did we know that this region was so rich in natural resources.我们几乎不知道这个地方有如此丰富的自然资源。(6)At no time will China be the fir

11、st to use nuclear weapons.任何时候中国都绝不会是首先使用核武器的。.注意以下两个貌似否认词的短语位于句首时的情况：in no time表示“立即，马上”，位于句首时不需要使用倒装。(2)no wonder表示“难怪，是It is no wonder that这一结构的缩写。no wonder位于句 首也不需要倒装。例如：No wonder Jack knew everything about it.难怪杰克知道关于这件事情的一切。.注意在 not until(直到 时候才)；not only.but also.(不但 而且 );hardly (scarcely). .

12、when( 就 );no sooner.than.( 就 )等结构位于句首时要使用 局部倒装。倒装的具体用法分别如下：(l)Not until he returned home did he find he had had his money stolen.直到他到家他才发现自己的钱包被偷了。(2)Not only did Lincoln set the slaves free, he also reunited the nation.林肯不仅释放了奴隶还统一了全国。(3)Hardly had he arrived in Shanghai when his friends started to

13、 show him round the city.他一到上海他的朋友就开始领着他绕这个城市转转。(4)No sooner had he gone to bed than he felt asleep.他一上床就睡着了。【即时巩固】(8)Not until I began to work I realize how much time I had wasted.(9)一Did Linda see the traffic accident?No, no sooner(she go) than it happened.(10)Not only they bring snacks and drinks

14、, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.四、在省略if的虚拟语气中使用倒装的情况在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中使用虚拟5当if从句中含有were, had, should时，可 以将这些词提前到句首同时省去if。例如：（1）Were there no air on earth, there would be no living things.如果地球上没有空气，地球上就没有生物。Had you come earlier, you would have met hi

15、m.如果你早点来的话，你就遇到他了。O）Should they forget to bring a compass with them, they would get lost in the woods.万一他们忘记了随身带指南针，他们会在树林里迷路的。【即时巩固】（1 l）The sleeping baby would be scared（there should be）a sudden loud noise.五、as引导让步状语从句的形式倒装as可以用来引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管，含义与although/though等同。 但as引导让步状语从句，从句中要使用倒装，而though引

16、导让步状语从句可倒装，也可不 倒装。as引导让步状语从句主要需要注意如下几种情况：.形容词+as/though+主+谓（通常为连系动词）Young as he is, he has already known a lot.尽管他很年轻，他已经懂得很多了。_（形容词提前到句首倒装）.副词+as/though +主 + 谓Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.虽然我已去过很多地方，但是我从来没有见过和约翰一样有才能的人。（副词提前到句首倒装）.动词原形+ as/though+主+谓（通常为

17、情态动词或助动词）Try as he would, he might fail again.尽管他还会尝试，但是他可能会再次失败。（情态动词后面的动词原形提前到句首倒装）.名词（无冠词）+ as/though +主十谓（通常为be动词）Child as he is, he has to make a living by himself.尽管他还是个孩子，他不得不靠自己谋生。（名词提到句首倒装，但名词前不能加冠词）【即时巩固】（12）Next door to ours （live） a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community

18、 for quite a long time.（13）Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist - related activities in the rural areas.完全倒装一、表语提前引起完全倒装表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”：.形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Wang and many other guests.出席会议的是斯密斯教授、王教授和很多其他客人。.过去分词+连系动词+主语

19、Gone are the days when we were taken good care of in that far- away village.我们在偏远的乡村被照顾得很好的日子已经一去不复返了。.介词短语+ be+主语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and candles.在这些东西里有圣诞树、鲜花和蜡烛。二、地点状语提前引起完全倒装当句首状语为表示地点的介词（词组）时，常常引起全部倒装。(l)On the wall hang two large portraits.两幅大的肖像画挂在墙上。(2)South of the ci

20、ty lies a steel factory.一个钢铁厂位于城市以南。(3)In front of the house parks a new car.一辆新车停在房子前面。【即时巩固】(14)Just in front of our house(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1 ，000 years.(15)In the dark forest(lie) many lakes, some large enough to hold several English towns.(16)On top of the books(be) the photo

21、 album youre looking for.三、以here, there, in, out, away, up, down, over等方向性副词位于句首引起完全倒装，表 示强调(l)Here comes the bus.汽车来了。(2)The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.门开了，斯密斯先生走了进来。(3)Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了 出来。【注意】在以上副词提前引起的完全倒装中，当主语是人称代词时不需要使用倒装。例如：(l)Out he rushed.他冲了 出来。(2)Here he comes.他来了。四、The

22、re be句型及其变体在there be结构中，there为引导词,be动词之后为句子的主语，用完全倒装，be应与主 语保持一致。除了 be以外，能与there连用的动词有seem, exist, happen, appear等，即：There stand/lie/live/seem/exist/remain 等。例如：(l)There lives an old farmer in that house.那个房子里住着一个年迈的农民。(2)Once there lied a king who was cruel to his people.从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。当堂达标跟踪演练At t

23、he top of the hill(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.Although Ed been told many times about the local peoples unfriendliness, at no time (I treat) with rudeness.When John looks up, here(come) the teacher with a look in her eyes that says what he did has been discovered

24、.Out(rush) a woman with a baby in her arms after a big bang from the kitchen.Content he was with the salary offered by the foreign bank, he preferred thechances he could have at the state- owned company.Hardly(she go) out when a student came to visit her.Not until he went through real hardship he re

25、alize the love we have for ourfamilies is important.No sooner he come home he was asked to attend the meeting.Not until a baby kangaroo is four months old it begin to live outside its motherspouch(育儿袋).Only when we saw the photos about the celebration of Christmas in Yangzhou Daily we know how splen

26、did it was.So curious she feel that the cat opened the bag only to bring about her deathand a series of disasters.一Its nice.before have I had such a special drink!一Pm glad you like it.Such an inspiring speech he make at the graduation ceremony that every one ofus was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.Only when they put their heads together they make such a brilliant plan and complete the task ahead of schedu