英国社会与文化课件

1、Literature: 4 major periods Old English Literature before the Norman Conquest (1066)Medieval Literature (before the English Renaissance beginning from the 15th century)Modern Literature Contemporary Literature (post-WWII) 牛牛文库文档分享The formation of the Old EnglishPre-Roman-ConquestCelts and Britons: G

2、aelic and Celtic.The Roman Conquest since 43 AD: LatinThe Roman departure in 407 A. D.the invasion of Anglo, Saxon and Jute: Icelandic, Viking, Danish, Germanic influences. 牛牛文库文档分享Confluence of Different Linguistic Sources 450 A. D. Anglo, Saxon and Jute from North-West Germany invaded and occupied

3、 part of Britain 793-95 Viking invasions (Danish and Norwegian) in Scotland, northern and eastern England9th century Danish invasions; occupation of eastern England885 partition of England (under King Alfred the Great)917-26 England reoccupied Danish-held territories.1013 Danish conquest 牛牛文库文档分享Old

4、 English Literaturec.a., the 10th century, BeowulfAuthor: anonymousSetting: Scandinavian Date of writing: between the 8th and the 11the century 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享Audio clips from an Old English versionPrologue 1,2,3 牛牛文库文档分享Hollywood movie adaptation, 2007 牛牛文库文档分享Medieval literatureFrench influence

5、and English affirmation (1)The official language of the British court Turning pointJohn Kings losses of French lands in 1204 (2) Enriched subjects for literaturecourtly love 牛牛文库文档分享Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)Contribution to the middle EnglishWide range of linguistic sourcesHelped to form a London-b

6、ased standard language 牛牛文库文档分享The Canterbury Tales 牛牛文库文档分享Vivid and ironic portrayal of charactersThe very perfect gentle Knight a mercenary soliderThe nun a sensual woman who enjoys the pleasure of the sensesThe wife of Bathwho has five husbands 牛牛文库文档分享The works meritsA diversity of characters,

7、social levels, and ways of life.Restraint from authorial judgment.Humor and satire. 牛牛文库文档分享Modern literatureEnglish Renaissance sonnet: travelled to England from Italy in the 16th century drama: the age of Shakespeare 牛牛文库文档分享William Shakespeare(1564-1616) 牛牛文库文档分享Stratford-upon-Avon 牛牛文库文档分享The Gl

8、obe Theatre 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享Shakespeares complete works: 38 plays 2 narrative poems 154 sonnets 牛牛文库文档分享His Position in World Literary Historyone of the most remarkable playwrights and poets in the worldone of the greatest giants of the Renaissanceone of the first founders of realisma lite

9、rary giant “not of an age, but for all time” (John Benson). 牛牛文库文档分享Hamlet (1601) 牛牛文库文档分享Othello (1604) 牛牛文库文档分享King Lear (1605) 牛牛文库文档分享Macbeth (1606) 牛牛文库文档分享Romeo and Juliet (1595) 牛牛文库文档分享Two major poets in the 17th centuryJohn Donne (1572-1631)John Milton (1608-1674) 牛牛文库文档分享18th century liter

10、aturePoetry Alexander Pope (1688-1744) The Rape of the Lock (1712-14) Drama Richard Sheridan(1751-1816) The School for Scandal (1777) 牛牛文库文档分享The Rise of the NovelDaniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe (1719)Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones: A Foundling (1749)Jonathan Swift, Gullivers Travels (1726)

11、牛牛文库文档分享Swifts joking epitaphHe knew a hundred pleasant stories,With all the turns of Whigs and Tories;Was cheerful to his dying day,And friends would let him have his way.He gave the little wealth he hadTo build a house for fools and mad,And showed by one satiric touch,No nation wanted it so much.T

12、hat kingdom he hath left his debtor;I wish it soon may have a better. 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享19th century literaturePoetry Romantic poets first generation: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge second generation: Lord Byron, Percey Bysshe Shelley, John Keats 牛牛文库文档分享Characteristics of Roman

13、ticism in BritainA rejection of the rules of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality.A deepened high appreciation of the beauties of nature.Belief in the emotion and imagination rather than reason or external canons.Focus on individual concerns and reverence for the common man.U

14、se of everyday language in poetry.An increasing importance of women and children.Most popular genres: poetry and novels. 牛牛文库文档分享Find the Matching authors for the quotes in the left-hand column I wandered lonely as a cloud.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?Beauty is truth, truth beauty, -tha

15、t is all ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.John KeatsWordsworthPercey B. Shelley 牛牛文库文档分享 牛牛文库文档分享Other images of the Lake District: Windermere, Thirlmere, Dewent Water, and Grasmere. 牛牛文库文档分享Fiction: leading form of literature in EnglishRegent Period (1810-1820): Jane AustenVictorian Period

16、(1837-1901) : Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, Bronts,Thomas Hardy et al. 牛牛文库文档分享Jane Austen (1775-1817)Three or four families in a country village is the very thing to work on. 牛牛文库文档分享Her fictionNorthanger Abbey (1798, 1818)Sense and Sensibility (1795-97,1811)Pride and Prejudice

17、(1795-97, 1813)Persuasion (1818)Emma (1815)Mansfield Park (1814) 牛牛文库文档分享Victorian eraThe period coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901.A time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems.New inventions and discoveries in biology, geol

18、ogy and anthropology shook peoples religious belief. 牛牛文库文档分享Main features of Victorian literatureDiversity, complexity and abundant writers and great works.The novel became the most powerful expression of progressive thought.Critical realists: Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, Bront

19、e sisters et al. 牛牛文库文档分享Charles Dickens (1812-1870)Oliver Twist (1837-38)David Copperfield (1849-50)Great Expectations (1860-61)Hard Times (1854) 牛牛文库文档分享Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)Novel of character and environmentTess of the DUrbervilles (1891)Jude the Obscure (1895) 牛牛文库文档分享20th century modernismModern experience in an alienating urban, industrial socie