专八翻译真题及解析

1、2001Effort is the gist(要点) of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) lift-engaging(迷人的) difficulties.Short of the impossible, as Yeats(叶芝) put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime(一生) depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost(罗伯特弗罗斯特) was thinking in something l

2、ike the same terms(说法) when he spoke of”the pleasure of taking pains.” The mortal(致命的) flaw(缺陷) in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports(宣称) to be effortless.We demand(需要) difficulty even in our games(比赛). We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A

3、game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary(专制的) imposition(负担) of difficulty. When someone ruins(破坏) the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess(棋) if yo are free, at your pleasure, to change the whol

4、ly(统统) arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.参考译文： 努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困

5、难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。(努力是其关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，它宣称幸福能够不努力就获得。甚至在比赛中，我们也需要困难。我们需要困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取

6、乐。制定比赛规则就是任意强加的制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，随意而为，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。)2002 Winners do not dedicate(致力) their lives(毕生) to a concept(印象，观念) of what they imagine they should be; rather(相反), they are themselves and as such(像这样的人) do not use their energy putting on a performance(可鄙、

7、可笑的)行为，举动；(没有必要的)做样子), maintaining(维持) pretence(炫耀，矫饰) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware(知道，意识到) that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide(隐藏)

8、behind a mask(面具).Winners are not afraid(害怕) to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions(观点，舆论) and dont pretend(假装) to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate(评估) what they say, but come to(归结为) their own conclusions. Although winners

9、 can admire(钦佩) and respect other people,they are not totally defined(限定), demolished(驳倒), bound(束缚，限制), or awed(畏怯) by them.Winners do not play helpless,nor do they play the blaming(归咎，推诿) game. Instead(反而), they assume responsibility(承担责任) for their own lives.胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真

10、我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在真心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。优胜者不会面对困难而显得无助(敢于只面困难)，也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们会努力肩负起自己对待生活的责任。(成功者不会毕生致力于一个他们想象中

11、应该成为的印象。相反，他们会保持自我，作为这样的人，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们知道在真心关爱和虚情假意，愚蠢和大智若愚，真才实学和假装博学之间的差异。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。成功者们不害怕运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够从舆论中分清事实，不会假装无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左右，或被他人打垮。成功者不会面对困难而显得无助(敢于只面困难)，也不会推诿。相反，他们会为自己的生活承担责任。)2003In this classic novel, ”The Pi

12、oneers(拓荒者)”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero(男主人公), a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling(熙熙攘攘的) metropolis(大城市). But his cousin looks around bewilder(困惑). All she sees is a forest. ”Where are the beauti

13、es(美丽的东西) and improvements(为使土地、地产增值而进行的)装修，改良) which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished(吃惊) she cant see them. ”Where！ Why everywhere”, he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete(具体的，有形的) to him as if they were already

14、 constructed(建造) and finished.Cooper was illustrating(阐明) a distinctly(明显地) American trait(特质), future-mindedness(为未来打算): the ability to see the present from the vantage point(观点，看法，见解; 有利位置；优越地位；优势; 有利于观察的地方) of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered(不受妨碍的) by the past and more emotionally at

15、tached(系于) to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, ” Lift for the American is always becoming(【哲学】生成；变易), never being.”詹姆斯费尼莫库珀在其经典小说拓荒者中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘攘的大都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方又在哪?”。开发商没料到他的表妹竟看不到他所讲的一切，惊讶地回答说，“哪

16、儿?到处都是啊!”虽然这一切还未在大地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对他来说，这一切都像已经建成竣工了那样真实具体。 在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中，从来不会静止不变。”2004 I am lonely only when I am overtired(过度疲劳), when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time b

17、eing I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talk a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the housefeels huge and empty, and I wonder where

18、myself is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep uncons

19、cious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.只有我在非常疲劳的时候，在我不断工作了很长时间以后，在我倍感空虚，需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候，在讲了很多话后，而且有太多经历需要整理时，我也会感到寂寞。于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又大又空，我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。这时，我必须给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，仿佛他们是有生命的精灵一般，这样我才能慢慢找到我的那个自我。很长一段时间，我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边

20、逐渐消失，当我再次从我内心深处的无意识中冒出来时，带给我最近的种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领会时，我才会感到寂寞。当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下的时候，我会觉得孤独。有时，我出差做讲座，见很多人，说很多话，回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理，这时我也会觉得孤独。2005Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true,

21、of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and a

22、ccomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentence

23、, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.然而很少有人愿意接受书上的告诉我们的东西。我们通常是带着一种不明确的不专一的目的去读书，我们要求小说是真实的，诗歌应该是虚构的，传记应该是奉承人的，历史则应该是能加深我们自己的偏见的。如果我们读书的时候能够屏弃这些成见，那将会是一个绝妙的开端。不要试图对作者发号施令，而是要设身处地把作者的思路，把自己当作作者的合作伙伴。假如你开始就犹豫不决，不愿接受作者观点，甚至对作者观点评头论足，你就是给自己设置障碍，使自己不可能最大限度地利用书本。然而，如果你尽量敞开心

24、扉，那么文章开头就能给你一些暗示，由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于你面前。2006“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War

25、with all our might and with all die strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-for w

26、ithout victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验，我们面临的将是旷日持久

27、的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来概括，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，因为没有胜利纠无法生存!我们必须意识到，没有胜利就没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻，我的精神振奋，满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信，只要我们大家联合，我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁：“来吧，让我们群策努力，并肩迈进!”2007Scientific and technological advances

28、are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the plant.Globalization is making the world small

29、er, faster and richer. Still 9/11, avian flu remind us that a smallers, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge but desperately in need of wisdom. Now , when sound bites are getting shorter,when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives

30、grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reason I believe and I believe even more strongly today in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命，也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在使

31、地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流感及伊朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。2008But , as has been ture in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations w

32、as found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of hacing shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doulbled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead

33、of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of i

34、t. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society. 但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任-正如那些学生们所说一半一半，

35、相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。2009We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergencya threat to the survival of our ci

36、vilization that is gathering ominous and destructive pot ential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worstthough not allof its cons equences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, despite a growing number of hon

37、orable exceptions, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all powerful to

38、be impotent.So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the

39、sun. 我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫希特勒的名言来形容，“它们在奇怪的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉，堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。2010I though

40、t that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing，as it seemed to me，at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the

41、power of dreams. There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height，and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be see

42、n, excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved，just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child died.我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都