现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage

1、现在分词结构V-ingGrammar and usage现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage Learning aims(学习目标):1.Grasp the definition(定义) of V-ing2.Grasp the tenses(时态) and voices(语态) of V-ing3.Grasp the function(功能) of V-ing.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage请说明划线部分的句子成分I lost my umbrella.She does her homework every day.She plays the violin

2、carefully.The boy is very naughty.We made him cry.This is a fantastic book.I have two foreign friends, a Canadian and an American. Dont step on the grass.主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语同位语状语现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage 语态类别 时 态 vt.主动语态被动

3、语态ing 一般式(与谓语动词同时发生)完成式(先与谓语动词之前发生)时态和语态doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done现在分词的否定式： not doing现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage解题步骤：1.判断是否为非谓语动词 2 .与逻辑主语的关系 3 .与谓语动词的先后关系现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1、 动名词作主语 (表一般性的，泛指的，抽象的,时间概念不强的动作)眼见为实，耳听为虚。Seeing is believing。说比做容易多了。Saying is easier than doing.玩电脑

4、游戏是没有好处的。Playing computer games is no good.= Its no good playing computer games.一、 V-ing作主语现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2，It 做形式主语的句型，某些句型中用V-ing做逻辑主语 。It is no use doing 做没用It is no good doing 做没好处It is useless doing 做.没有用There is no point (in) doing 做没有意义不要做无意的后悔。It is no use crying over spilt milk.抽

5、烟是没有好处的。It is no good smoking.说再多也是没有用的。It is useless talking too much.跟他争辩是没有意义的。There is no point in arguing with him.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage 1. 他是一个攻击型的运动员。 He is an _ (attack) player. 2. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。He asked an _ (embarrass) question. 3.正在学走路的小孩常常跌跤。 A little child _ (learn) to walk often fa

6、lls. =A little child who is learning to walk often falls.注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。 二、 V-ing作定语 如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。attackingembarrassinglearning现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage转换成定语从句：The people sitting behind us are teachers.= The expert coming from Hong

7、kong is a lady called Ms Cai. =The people who are sitting behind us are teachers.The expert who comes from Hongkong is a lady called Ms Cai.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1) 说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。They set up an _(operate) table in a small temple. 他说不定在阅览室里。 He may be in the _(read) room，for all

8、I know.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the _(meet) room.operatingreadingmeeting现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2) 与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作.1.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。There were about 200 children_ (study) in the art school. 2.正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？ Who is the woman _ (talk) to ourEnglish teach

9、er？talkingstudying现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage3) 有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.那准时一段可怕的经历。That must

10、 have been a _ (terrify) experience.2.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。The experiment was an _(amaze) success. 3.这本书缺了一页。There is a page _ (miss) from this book.terrifyingamazingmissing现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage注意：除了-ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式表正在与被修饰词又是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done。如：1.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。 The tall building_ (build) no

11、w is our new school. 2.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。The question _ (discus) was presented by the headmaster.being builtbeing discussed现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _(remain) 20 dollars .2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ (cover) the d

12、esert. 3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ (study) Chinese in the school，most _ were from Germany.4.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ (study) Chinese in the school，and most _(they) were from Germany. 5.The question _ (discuss) at present has something import

13、ant to do with our daily life.6.China is a_(develop) country _(belong) to the third world.remainingcoveringstudyingof whomstudyingof thembeing discusseddevelopingbelonging现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage 1.Your journey in Kenya is really _ (excite). 2.What you did was _ (disappoint). 3.The nightmare I had

14、 last night was very_ (frighten). 现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征,相当于形容词,其主语通常是物.三、 V-ing作表语disappointingexcitingfrightening现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1）作动词的宾语 She denied _(make) a mistake. He imagined _ (lead) a happy life.2) 作介词宾语 He left without _ (say) good-bye to us. Is there any hope of _(catch) the early

15、bus?四、 V-ing作宾语makingleadingsayingcatching现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1.只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词avoid, miss, put off;避免错过(少)延期; advise, finish, practise;建议完成多练习;enjoy, imagine, cant help;喜欢想象禁不住admit, deny, envy;承认否认与妒忌;escape, risk, excuse;逃避冒险(莫)原谅; stand, keep, mind.忍受保持(不)介意.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2. 只接

16、v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, put off, give up, feel like, look forward to, devote to, be worth, get used to, pay attention to3. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示

17、将要发生的动作。现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1) remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得过去做过某事我记得在街上见过他。 I remember _ (meet) him in the street. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。I remember _ (write) a letter to my parents.2)forget to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了.I forgot _ (mail) the letter for her.我忘记了写过那篇作文.I forgot _

18、 (write) that composition.meetingto writeto mailwriting现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage3) stop doing 停止 做某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟Stop smoking, please. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。Lets stop to have a rest. 4) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着I meant_ ( catch) up with the early bus.This means _ (waste) a lot of mone

19、y.我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱.to catchwasting现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage5) try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Try working out the physics problem in another way.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regret to do 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾 regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.I

20、 regret spending so much money.I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage Wedontallow_(walk)onthegrass.Wedontallowpeople_ (walk) onthegrass.Peoplearenotallowed_ (walk) onthegrass.4. allow, advise, forbid, permit + doing allow, advise, forbid, permit +sb. +t

21、o do eg. 我们不允许在这抽烟。 We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许学生抽烟。 We dont allow students to smoke.walkingto walkto walk现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage五、 V-ing作宾语补足语常见的两类接现在分词作宾补的动词：感官动词：see,hear ,watch,find,feel,smell, observe ,notice,look at,listen to 使役动词：have,keep, catch,leave 我刚刚听见那个女孩正在教室唱歌.I heard the gir

22、l singing in the classroom. 洗手的时候不要让水一直流.Dont keep the water running while washing your hands.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage特殊的两个区别：1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。 doing：动作正在进行+主动 to do： 动作的 。 试比较： 1. I heard her singing a song just now. 2. I heard her sing a song just now.=She was heard to sing a song just now.

23、动作正在进行+主动(听见全过程)全过程现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2). 现在分词被动式与过去分词作宾补的区别。 being done： 正在进行+被动 done： 动作已完成+被动 试比较： 1. I saw him being taken away. 我看到他正被人带走。 2. I saw him taken away. 我看到他被带走了。(正在进行+被动)(完成+被动)现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage六、 V-ing作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间,原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。 动词-

24、ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when, while等） After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. = we are ready for the examination. , (一听到消息)they jumped with great joy. After he had finished his home

25、work, Henry went home. = , Henry went home. Having made full preparations, Hearing the news Having finished his homework现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill.) , he couldnt afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he coul

26、dnt afford a TV set.) we couldnt get in touch with him. (= Because we didnt know his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with him.)Being poorNot knowing his phone number, 现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage3 结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语。 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. His father died, European football is played in 80 countries, (= Euro

27、pean football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.) leaving him a lot of money. making it the most popular sport in the world .现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 If you work hard at your lessons， you will succeed. = If you use your head,

28、youll find a good way. = If you drive too fast, youll damage the car. = Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. Using your head, youll find a good way. Driving too fast, youll damage the car. 现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 =Although he was toiling all the year round, the poor

29、peasant couldnt afford to send his children to school. 这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。 =Though it weighed almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.Although toiling all the year round Weighing almost one hundred jin 现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。他躺在草地上，长时间地望着

30、天空。He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。He went out, slamming the door. = He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= He went out, and he slammed the door.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1. Sixty million people _ (live) in rural areas are moving to the citi

31、es every year.2. I often see my teacher _(run) on the playground.3. Our trip was _ (disappoint). We did not find any unusual plants.PracticelivingrunFill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.disappointing现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage4. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 5.

32、 They asked me (thank) your mother.6. The news was _(shock). All the three boats had sunk in the storm.forcingto thankshocking现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage4.现在分词作状语1). 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句 (常同连词when, whenever, while, once, until等连用)Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad new

33、s, they couldnt help crying. Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage2).作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being a student, I must work hard.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to

34、 sleep.=Because I am a student, I must work hard.=Because he didnt know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage3. 作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句Working hard, you will succeed. Putting more salt into the soup, you w

35、ill find it more delicious.=If you put more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.=If you work hard, you will succeed.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage 4. 作伴随状语,相当于并列句They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. 5. 作结果状语His father died, leaving him lots of money.=They sang and laughed;

36、 they came into the classroom.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage注意: V-ing有其完成式_, 表示分 词动作发生于主句动作之_。 V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之_。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主 语_且有逻辑_关系，往往可转换 为相应的状语从句。having done前前一致 主动现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. En

37、tering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening n

38、ewspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage考点解析：非谓语动词是高考的一个热点,V-ing 常考的形式有以下几点：一 、时态与语态（完成时态的主动、被动形式）二、结果状语（自然而然的结果），时间状语三、被动形式作定语；被动形式跟在介词后作宾语四、否定时not的位置五、在问句中作主语进行回答现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage考点：考查非谓语动词。解析：该空，分词短语作时间状

39、语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。（10湖南）26. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage(08陕西卷)1

40、4. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show答案：C。我们是被带领参观的因此是被动语态。先参观水立方后去看鸟巢所以时态是完成时态现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。解析：空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause

41、之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：C. （10天津）12. It rained heavily in the south，serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage考点：考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。解析：句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。（10四川）1

42、7The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusage答案：选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的（自然）结果（10江苏）28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,_the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled现在分词结构V-ingGrammarandusageTh