附录一、定语从句

1、揭秘“潜规则”Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京卷)很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。潜规则一定语从句关系词的选择知识回顾1whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。一、定语从句The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. (2010陕西卷)在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。Ive become good friends with

2、several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南卷)我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海卷)在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一

3、辆)去主人家里。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.(2010全国卷)我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。3which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代 词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour. (2010江西卷)小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课，在那里她可以呆

4、一小时。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。4关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。小贴士Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。Shes in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very cl

5、ose eye on her.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。The way that/which I thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.(先行词作宾语)我想到的解决这个

6、问题的方法证明是可行的。I dont like the way (that/in which) you solve the problem.(先行词作方式状语)我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。5the way后面定语从句的关系词Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (2011湖南卷)Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有这三门语言她都说得很流利。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn

7、 for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。潜规则二“介词关系代词”结构引导定语从句知识回顾1在“介词关系代词”结构中，介词的宾语只能是which 或whom且不可省略。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (whose price) w

8、as very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。3“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可 用whose)2“介词which/whom不定式”结构。用在the same.as，such.as，as.as，so.as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low pr

9、ice as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)潜规则三as, which引导的定语从句知识回顾1as引导的定语从句He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)小贴士(1)such.as.(定语从句)像那样such.that.(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。This is such an easy question that I can answer it.(状语从句)这是个简单的

10、问题，我能回答。(2)the same.as.表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，即可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to

11、 be a wise decision. (2010四川卷)大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。2关系代词as, which的区别(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)What is known to everybody is tha

12、t the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)众所周知，月球每月绕地球一次。(3)as 意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, as has happened in Libya.战争是如此的残酷以致于总是带来巨大损失，正如利比亚所发生的事情一样。Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.汤姆进步很快，这使我很高兴。潜规则四分隔式定语从句知识回顾 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句，则要先根据句意找到先行词，然后再进行句子结构分析。Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when loca