2010油气工程英语

1、中国石化集团公司2010年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷英语（油气工程）（120分钟内完成）题号一一三总分12121-3得分一、阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共 25分）短文1 （12.5分）Young people in Britain tend to stay with their family longer these days as accommodation is expensive but, when they move away to a job or college, they rent a room in someone s house. They can a

2、lso geittinbedom. They can share a rented flat or house with a group of young people. When young people get married or have a steady income, they often buy a house. They do this by taking out a mortgage with a building society or bank. They are the official owners and the mortgage is a financial loa

3、n for anything up to 100% of the value of the house, repayable over twenty to forty years. People can find it difficult to repay their mortgage, but at least they know that in the end the house will be theirs.If people cannot afford to buy their own house, they can rent property from a private landl

4、ord. In city areas the problem has been made worse by the bad condition that a lot of council property is in. High-rise flats, for example, have developed structural faults.Unfortunately, homelessnessis an increasingly serious problem all over Britain. It affects all ages; single people, couples wit

5、h children, even old-age pensioners. In 1984, 83190 households,a term that covers families and single people, were officially listed as homeless. In one year, 170190 households applied to be put on the list, but thousands were turned down although they were probably living in overcrowded conditions

6、or in housing that badly needed repairing and improving.Questions:What conditions are new blocks of council flats in?What does the number, 83190 listed in 1984, show?What do young people these days often do in order to have a place to live in?If one has a mortgage, what does the company he borrowed

7、money from do to him?Why does the author think homelessnesss an increasingly serious problem all over Britain?短文2 (12.5分)The ultimate goal of economic developments is to improve the well-being of people. The building of factories, the terracing of land and the training of engineers are but means tow

8、ard that end; enhancing the reputation or wealth of political leaders and increasing the prestige or power of nation states are irrelevant. Improving the health of people is fundamental to improving their well- being. This being so, it is important to know what“ health ” mhas long been defined by th

9、e 155 member states of the World Health Organization(WHO) as “astate of complete physical, mental and social well- being, and not merely the absenceof diseaseor infirmity. The ultimate goal of development can therefore be said to be health, in this broad sense, for all the people of the world. It is

10、 simple as that - and as complex.It is complex because when it comes to defining health policies, assigning priorities, allotting funds and planning and operation programs to give effect to the policies, it is not easy for political leaders or technical experts in either the underdeveloped or the de

11、veloped countries to keep in mind the centrality of human development. There are two conventional ways to view the relation between health and development. One sees health as a prerequisite for development. The other sees health as a concomitant of development. Both views are supported by evidence a

12、nd both can motivate human development programs. They are not even mutually exclusive; rather they are mutually supportive.Health is indeed a prerequisite for economic and social advance. Human energy is the fuel that drives development, the source not only of physical work and other economic activi

13、ty but also of hope for the future, social awareness and the ability to absorb and apply new knowledge, all of which are essential to development. Genuine measures to improve health are likely to contribute to general socioeconomic advance.Questions:Wh at s essential to improving the Wellng of peopl

14、e?Wh at s the definition of health by WHOWhy is it complex to achieve the ultimate goal of development?What are the two views on the relation between health and development?What s the purpose of this passage?二、 英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共 45分） 短文1 （20分）From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption o

15、f water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. With the econo

16、mic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can

17、 be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry.Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water

18、in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty.短文2 (25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一)A A better measure of the cost of oi| or any energy source is the amount of energy required to produce it. Just as we evaluate a fina

19、ncial investment by comparing the size of the return with the size of the original expenditure we can evaluate any project that generates energy by dividing the amount of energy the project produces by the amount it consumes. Economists call this quantity the “ energy return on investment ” orThe fo

20、r petroleum has been falling for decades. The trend is most advanced in United States production, where petroleum resources have been exploited the longest and drillers have been forced to look for ever-smaller and ever-deeper pools of oil.This basic trend can be seen around the globe with many ener

21、gy sources. We vemost likely already found and tapped the biggest, most accessible and highest E. R. 0. I. oil and gas fields , just as we ve already exploited the best rivers for hydropower. Now, as were extracting new oil and gas in more extreme environments in deep water far offshore, for example

22、 and as were turning to energy alternatives like nuclear power and converting tar sands to gasoline, we respending steadily more energy to get energy.For example, the tar sands of Alberta likely to be a prime energy source for the United States in the future have an E R. 0. I. of around 4 to 1, beca

23、use a huge amount of energy(mainly from natural gas) is needed to convert the sands raw bitumen into useable oilB More than 35 years ago, an offshore drilling rig spilled approximately three million gallons of oil into the waters near Santa Barbara A massive slick covered hundreds of square miles ,

24、the white beaches of California turned black with crudeThe Santa Barbara spill was a galvanizing event that raised support for the first Earth Day , hastened the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and led to state and federal moratoriums on new drilling Today, drilling for oil and gas i

25、s barred off 90 percent of Americas coastlines it is allowed , mainly, in the Gulf of Mexico. The offshore moratoriums, along with a ban oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, are regarded as triumphs of the environmental movement.As politicians in the White House and Congress are pushing again for exploration in coastal waters and drilling in ANWR, it is worth reconsidering the changes won by the environmental movement, but not only for the supply-enhancing reasons cited by advocates