利用区块链赋能数字孪生体应用（翻译与简评）

1、利用区块链赋能数字孪生体应用的翻译和简评导读本文是印度 Reliance Jio Platforms 公司基站可靠性工程（SRE）部门首席架构师和副总裁 Pethuru Raj 编写的一篇关于利用区块链来赋能数字孪生体应用（Empowering digital twinswith blockchain）的技术文章，2020 年 9 月发表于计算机先进技术出版物中。 Reliance Jio Platforms 公司是印度最大电信运营商。它通过提供低价语音和数据计划占领了印度电信市场。在成立不到五年的时间里，它已经积累了近 4 亿用户，成为全球第二大互联网市场的顶级运营商。在此根据原文内容进行了

2、翻译与整理。鉴于翻译水平有限，本文将原文一并给出，以方便读者理解阅读。读后感和简评未来数字化的世界，数据是最重要的，价值巨大肯定会吸引坏人。比如“电信诈骗”可能只是冰山一角。法律还是空白，“大数据杀熟”和“数据寡头垄断”等，其定位和监管，如何划线，还存在很多争议。未来数字孪生体的广泛应用，数据不只是对现状的描述，更是对未来的预测和影响。数据安全是基础和基石，缺乏数据安全保障的数字孪生体应用，犹如核武器掌握到了恐怖分子手中。区块链是一剂强效解毒剂，使数字孪生体应用能够更好地创新，并保持安全。通过协商一致机制，多方利益有关者、合作者和竞争各方可以被置于一个保护伞之下。利益攸关方成为把关人，在不损害

3、敏感信息和集体利益的前提下，加强透明度和问责制。数字孪生体的资产被区块链上链后，就变成了真正的资产，可以用于交易、共享和开发。区块链同时构建了数字经济的商业模式，而这对于未来数字世界的价值，可能比技术突破更为重要。目录与内容概要目录 Contents1、介绍1、Introduction2、简要介绍数字孪生（DT）范例2、Briefing the digital twin(DT) paradigm 3、数字孪生工业用例3、Digital twins: The industrial use cases4、数字孪生行业用例4、Digital twin industry use cases5、数字孪生

4、：优势5、Digital twins : The benefits6、区块链提供强有力赋能6、Blockchain as a powerful antidote7、数字孪生体与区块链的组合7、The combination of digital twins and blockchain8、区块链和数据孪生可增强数字价值8、Blockchain and digital twins for enhanced digital value 9、数字孪生共享经济9、Digital twins for sharing economy10、结论10、Conclusion关于作者About the autho

5、rAbstract 概要A digital twin is an exact digital/logical/cyber/virtual representation/replica of anytangible physical system or process. And the digital twin runs on a competent IT infrastructure (say, cloud centers). In essence, a digital twin is typically a software programthat takes various real-wo

6、rld data about a ground-level physical system as prospective inputs and produces useful outputs in the form of insights. The outputs generally are the value-adding and decision-enabling predictions or simulations of how that physical system will act on those inputs. These help in quickly and easily

7、realizing highly optimized and organized products with less cost and risk.数字孪生体是任何有形物理实体系统或过程的精确数字/逻辑/网络/虚拟表示/副本，并且数字孪生体可在适合的 IT 基础设施（例如云中心）上运行。从本质上讲，数字孪生体通常是一个软件程序，该程序将有关物理实体系统的各种实际运行数据作为源数据输入，通过分析处理并为该物理实体如何对现有状态进行有价值操作和决策判断提供预测及模拟运行依据，这非常有助于我们轻松完成并快速实现成本与风险较低，且高度优化和组织化的产品。The manufacturing indust

8、ry had embraced the digital twin technology long time back to be modern in their operations, outputs, and offerings. The distinct contributions of the digital twin paradigm, since then, have gone up significantly with the seamless synchronization with a number of pioneering technologies such as the

9、Internet of Things (loT), artificial intelligence (Al), big and streaming data analytics, data lakes, software-defined cloud environments, blockchain, etc. Withthe concept of cyber physical systems (CPS) is being adopted and adapted widely and wisely, complicated yet sophisticated electronics device

10、s at the ground level are being blessed with their corresponding digital twins. The digital twins enable data scientists and system designers to optimize a number of things including process excellence, knowledge discovery and dissemination in time, better system design, robust verification and vali

11、dation, etc. In the recent past, with the flourishing of the blockchain technology, the scope for digital twins has gone up remarkably. This unique combination is bound to produce additional competencies and fresh use cases for enterprises. This chapter is to explain how they integrate and initiate

12、newer opportunities to be grabbed and gained for a better tomorow.制造业很早就开始了数字孪生技术应用，使其在操作、输出和产品方面都达到了现代水平。此后，数字孪生范例的独特价值随着与许多产品技术的无缝集成同步应用而得到明显提高。诸如物联网（IoT）、人工智能（AI）、大数据和数据流分析、数据湖、软件定义的云环境、区块链等先进技术。随着数字孪生体与赛博物理系统（CPS）的概念采用，使数据科学家和系统设计师可以优化许多事情，包括流程卓越性、知识交互性、更好的系统设计、强大的验证和确认等。随着区块链技术的兴起，本文将解释它们如何整合到数

13、字孪生应用中并引发新的发展机遇，以期在更美好的明天中获得技术赋能与优化；数字孪生体在各领域的应用范围已明显扩大，这种独特的组合必将为企业带来更多的技术创新能力和新的应用案例。Introduction 介绍It is natural that business requirements and people expectations are varying and growing invariably. Breakthrough technologies individually and collectively have been fulfilling them with ease and e

14、legance. With the explosion of loT devices in our everyday environments, there is a need expressed widely to empower them with required intelligence in order to exhibit adaptive behavior in their actions and reactions. The mandate is to transition connected devices to be smart. The prime and swanky

15、idea toward the smartness is to transition gleaned data into information and into knowledge. The changeover process gets accelerated through a few technological solutions such as machine and deep learning algorithms, integrated data analytics platforms, etc. That is, gathered data is subjected to a

16、variety of deeper and decisive investigations in order to extract useful information and workable insights.业务需求和人们的期望是自然而然地变化并不断增长的，突破性技术已经使个人期望和业务需求得到轻松满足。随着我们日常生活中物联网设备应用的爆炸式增长，人们广泛表达了将该类物联网设备转换为智能设备的要求，使其具有所需的智能以便在后续的应用操作中表现出自适应能力。我们通过一些技术解决方案（例如机器和深度学习算法、集成的数据分析平台等）加速了这一转换过程。也就是说收集数据，并将其转换为信息和知识

17、是最明智的想法；我们需要对收集到的数据进行各种更深入和决定性的调查，以便提取有价值的信息和可行的见解。For making loT devices to be smart, there came a number of ways and means vehemently expounded by many. One of them is to establish digital twins for loT devices. Digital twins collect value-adding data from their corresponding physical twins contin

18、uously and crunch them in order to emit out useable insights out of data heaps. The acquired knowledge gets looped back to the physical devices to adequately nourish them in completing their assignments well. This continuous nurture helps them to behave intelligently according to the fast-changing s

19、ituation.为了使物联网设备变得智能，人们提出了许多方法和手段，其中一种是为物联网设备建立数字孪生体模型，数字孪生体模型不断从其相应的物理实体模型采集相关有价值的数据并处理。这种持续的数据采集及处理可帮助他们根据瞬息万变的情况及时做出明确的判断；并将获得的判断信息与知识及时传回到物理实体设备上，以充分辅助他们从而很好地完成任务。However, with digital assets and data growing briskly everywhere, there is a need for utmost security and transparency to realize an

20、d reap the promised value for digital artifacts. Blockchain chips in here with its unique competencies and characteristics. Thus, the distinct combination of digital twin and blockchain technologies is being proclaimed and presented as the best-in-class method to eliminate any loophole and to boost

21、the confidence of users on leveraging digital assets for their everyday transactions. In the subsequent sections, we are to discuss how this combination is going to be a great game-changer for myriads of industry houses.但是，随着数字资产和数据增长蓬勃发展，需要最大的安全性和透明度来实现和获取数字资产的承诺价值，区块链以其独特的能力和特征投入到具体应用中。因此，数字孪生体与区块

22、链技术的独特结合被宣告为最佳方法，以消除任何安全漏洞并增强用户使用数字资产进行日常交易的信心。我们将讨论这种结合应用将如何改变无数工业企业的格局。Briefing the digital twin(DT) paradigm 简要介绍数字孪生（DT）范例As indicated above, digital twins are the digital versions of physical objects. In addition, digital twins comprise the details of the physical objects surroundings or proces

23、ses related to them. That means, digital twins consist of the relevant IT components for status updates and connectivity. They are also stuffed with defined data structures and user interfaces to facilitate knowledge visualization through 360-degree dashboards.如上所述，数字孪生体是物理实体对象的数字版本。此外，数字孪生体封装了物理实体对

24、象周围环境或与之相关的过程的详细信息，这意味着数字孪生体包含用于状态更新和连接的相关 IT 组件，并且还配合有定义的数据结构和用户界面，以便通过 360 度仪表板进行知识可视化应用。When you are using your smartphone for your communication, computing, and collaboration purposes, surfing the Internet using your laptop for knowledge gain, storing your data in cloud environments for affordab

25、ility, using social networking tools to socialize, ctc., you are actually creating a digital footprint of yourself. This digital footprint is a kind of digital twin. Similarly, you can think of digital blueprints for a building as its digital twin. A computer simulation of an aircraft engine can be

26、as its digital twin.当您将智能手机用于通讯、计算和协作目的时；使用笔记本电脑上网以获取知识，并将数据存储在云存储环境中以应用；使用社交网络工具进行社交化等等。这种数字轨迹就是一种数字孪生体模型。类似地，您可以将建筑物的数字蓝图视为其数字孪生体模型，而对飞机发动机的计算机仿真也可以看作是其数字孪生体模型。Digital twin in the human context is all the data footprint that we as human create through our attributes, interactions, and online prese

27、nce. These decision-enabling elements earnestly get combined with one another and their combined outputs are getting crunched using advanced and real-time Al and data analytics platforms, it is possible to predict our health condition and other leanings accurately.人类应用中的数字孪生体是我们人类通过其属性交互而创建的所有数据轨迹，这

28、些决策支持元素相互结合，并且它们的组合输出使用先进的实时技术在人工智能平台上进行处理，可以准确预测我们的健康状况和其他倾向。Attributes could be name, age, gender, address, ideology, language, culture, religion, ethnicity, education, salary, etc. These are actually categorized as base data about us as individuals, and these can go a long way in predicting wheth

29、er we are prone to any specific health issue. Where we were born and we live lately are also contributing handsomely in arriving at correct prediction. All these data are meticulously gathered and stored digitally. Thus, digital twins are possible for humans also.属性可以是姓名、年龄、性别、地址、意识形态、语言、文化、宗教、种族、教育

30、程度、薪水等。这些实际上被归类为关于我们个人的基础数据，所有这些数据都经过精心收集和数字化存储。这些数据对预测我们是否健康，还有很长的路要走。因此，数字孪生体在人类日常生活中应用也是可能的，我们出生和生活的地方对我们容易出现任何特定的健康问题的正确预测做出了巨大贡献。Interactions-This is all about our everyday interaction with the world. The details of where and when we are traveling and our eating out come handy in precisely pred

31、icting our health status. Our health monitoring wearables can minutely capture a number of our body parameters such as fitness and blood sugar levels, heart-beating rates at different times, etc., and deposited the captured in our own digital twin. There are other electronic instruments, digital ass

32、istants, and smartphones to automatically monitor and measure our everyday movements, exercises, work stress, etc. All these are meticulously get aggregated and stocked in our own digital twin. In conjunction with our unique attributes, digital twin canpredict the health state prediction and prescri

33、be of what to do.互动-这是我们与世界日常互动的全部内容，我们在何处旅行、何时旅行以及进餐的细节对于准确预测我们的健康状况都非常有用。我们的健康监测可穿戴设备可以细微记录我们日常生活中的许多身体参数，例如健身和血糖水平、不同时间的心率等，并将采集的数据存储在我们自己的数字孪生体中；还有其他电子仪器、数字助手和智能手机可以自动监视和测量我们的日常运动、锻炼和工作压力等，所有这些实时采集的数据都经过精心收集和存储在我们自己的数字孪生体中，通过与我们独特的属性互动，数字孪生体可以及时预测我们的健康状况和给出建议。Online presence -We have a number of

34、 professional and social media applications that ultimately articulate our personality. Thus, human digital twins are also gaining prominence. Digital twin for humans can help predict if someone has a possibility to be down with any life-threatening disease. Also, it can help provide insights on cha

35、nging lifestyle to stayhealthy and live longer.日常应用-我们拥有许多专业和社交媒体应用程序，这些应用程序最终体现了我们的个性化需求。因此，人类数字孪生体也日益受到关注。用于人类日常生活中的数字孪生体可以帮助我们预测某人是否有可能死于任何威胁生命的疾病。此外该数字孪生体还有助于提供有关改变人类生活方式以保持健康和更长寿的见解。The digital twin of machines can predict the need for their timely maintenance. Similarly, digital twins help to

36、come out with the next-generation machine design that is versatile, resilient, and robust. Precisely speaking, digital twins are digital replicas of a business, process, or product over its life cycle.数字孪生体机器可以预测其未来维护保养的及时需求；与此类似，数字孪生体机器可以帮助实现多功能、弹性和耐用的下一代机器设计。准确地说，数字孪生体是业务、流程或产品全生命周期中的数字复本。Digital

37、twins are being meticulously built for physical twins. Software experts begins buildingfuturistic digital twins leveraging their education, experience, and expertise on data science, statistics and mathematics, computer algorithms, etc. Digital twins developers deeply research the physics that under

38、lie the physical system being mimicked. That information greatly helps to visualize and develop a mathematical model that elegantly simulates the real-world physical system. The mathematical model gets turned into software package to run in the digital space. Maneuvering, managing, and maintaining d

39、igital twins are quite easy and fast. Thus, for adding new features to existing physical systems, digital twins contribute immensely in identifying and articulating the pros and cons of incorporating the features. Above all, before building complex and highly integrated systems from the ground up, t

40、heir digital twins come handy in envisaging the impending risks and opportunities and in answering the difficult questions. All these acquired knowledge through digital twins goes a long way in setting up and sustaining complicated and sophisticated physical systems. Thus, digital twins are being pr

41、ojected as complexity-mitigation mechanism.精心设计的数字孪生体是为物理实体而打造的，软件专家开始利用他们在数据科学、统计学和数学、计算机算法等方面的教育、经验和专业知识，来构建未来的数字孪生体。数字孪生体的开发人员深入研究了被模仿的物理实体系统背后的物理原理，这些信息极大地有助于我们可视化和开发其数学模型，从而优雅地模拟出真实的物理实体系统。数学模型被转换为可在数字空间中运行的软件包，操纵，管理和维护这些数字孪生应用变得非常容易且快速；因此，为向现有物理实体系统添加新功能时，数字孪生体在识别和阐明合并这些新功能的利弊方面做出了巨大贡献。最重要的是，在

42、从头开始构建复杂且高度集成的系统之前，它们的数字孪生体可以帮助预见即将到来的风险和机遇，并回答棘手的问题。通过数字孪生应用获得的所有这些知识在建立和维持复杂的物理实体系统方面大有帮助，因此，数字孪生应用正被视为减轻系统复杂性的机制。Physical systems like aircraft engines are being embedded with a number of multifaceted sensors, which continuously gather a lot of useful information of physical systems and pass it o

43、n to the digital twin in real time. This empowers the twin to crunch the received data quickly to offer insights (performance, health condition, security, failure prediction, etc.) to physical system designers and operators.飞机发动机等物理实体系统中嵌入了许多的多面传感器，这些传感器不断收集物理实体系统实际运行中的许多有用信息，并将采集的实时运行数据传递给相应的数字孪生体，

44、从而使数字孪生体能够快速处理接收到的数据并提供给物理实体系统设计者和操作员的见解（性能、健康状况、安全性、故障预测等）。There is another tweak called as Predictive twin. This can model the future state and behavior of the device. This prediction is derived based on historical data from other devices. Predict twins have the inherent capability to simulate bre

45、akdowns and other situations that need immediate attention.还有另一个称为“预测孪生”的调整，它可以对设备的未来状态和行为进行建模，该预测是基于其他设备的历史数据得出的。预测孪生具有内在的能力来模拟故障和其他需要立即处理的情况和意见。Microsoft has come out with another term Process Digital Twin. This is the next level compounding product digital twin benefits throughout the factory and

46、 supply chain. Process twins can highlight some advanced manufacturing scenarios that product digital twins cannot provide.微软推出了另一个术语“过程数字孪生”。这是使整个工厂和供应链中的产品数字孪生体的使用价值得到加倍提升。过程孪生可以突出某些产品数字孪生无法提供的先进制造方案。In summary, the digital twin typically can include a description of the devices, a 3D rendering, a

47、nd details on all the sensors embedded in the device. Based on continuously generated sensor readings, the digital twins can simulate real-life options and operations of the device.总之，数字孪生体通常可以包括设备的描述、3D 渲染以及嵌入在设备中的所有传感器的详细信息，数字孪生体可以基于连续生成的传感器读数来模拟现实生活中的选项和设备的操作。Digital twins: The industrial use cas

48、es 数字孪生工业用例The aspects of digitization and digitalization are grasping the attention of enterprising businesses across the world. Digitization is all about empowering our everyday objects to be digitized. Digitalization is all about deriving digital intelligence out of digital data. The onset of int

49、egrated data analytics platforms, the faster maturity and stability of artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms, the realization of highly optimized and organized IT through cloudification, which represents IT industrialization, smartphones, and other I/O devices for enabling IT consumerization, virtu

50、alization, and containerization under the scope of IT compartmentalization, etc., have laid down a stimulating and sparkling foundation for the impending digital era. Cities are becoming digitally transformed cities. Similarly, other entitles, such as homes, hotels, hospitals, etc., are being transi

51、tioned into digitally transformed entities. There are a number of digital innovations and disruptions fulfilling the real digital transformation. Digital life has become the new normal.数字化和数字化应用方面正在吸引着全球进取企业的注意力。数字化是为了使我们的日常物品实现数字化，而数字化应用则是从数字数据中获取数字情报。基于人工智能（AI）算法的成熟度和稳定性推动集成数据分析平台的出现，并通过云存储化环境实现高度

52、优化和组织良好的 IT，这一切代表了 IT 工业化应用；智能手机和其他实现IT 消费化的 I / O 设备，虚拟化和IT 分区化等范围内的集成化应用为即将到来的数字时代奠定了令人振奋的基础。当前传统城市正在成为数字化转型的城市方向发展，与此类似，其他实体（如房屋、酒店、医院等）也正在逐步转变为数字化转型的应用实体；有许多数字化创新和颠覆的应用帮助我们实现了真正的数字化转型，数字化生活已经成为我们生活的新常态。The emerging concept of digital twins is one of the transformational technologies toward the r

53、ealization of digital era. The noteworthy point of any digital twin is that it can be continuously updated with data from its physical counterpart. With trillions of sensors and billons of connected devices, digital twins will be readied and deployed for millions of physical things. An aircraft engi

54、ne, a human heart, and an entire city can have its own digital twin that mirrors the same physical and biological traits as the real thing.数字孪生体的新兴概念是实现数字时代的转型技术之一。任何数字孪生体的应用值得注意的一点是，可以使用其物理对应实体的数据对其进行连续更新。借助数以万亿计的传感器和连接的设备，数位孪生体将为数百万的物理实体做好准备和部署。飞机引擎、人的心脏以及整个城市都可以拥有自己的数字孪生体，反映出与真实事物相同的物理和生物特征。The i

55、mplications are definitely profound in many ways. Real-time assessments and diagnostics are now much more precise. Trial and errors, chaos experiments, and course correction can be easily accomplished through digital twins rather than physical twins. Thus, digital twins induce and inspire faster, ch

56、eaper, and clever innovations. Digital twins are to change the innovation game by enabling three critical drivers.这些影响肯定在许多方面都具有深远的意义，实时评估和诊断可以比现在更加精确，可以通过数字孪生体而不是物理实体轻松地进行试验、实验试错和航向校正等。因此，数字孪生引发并促进了更快、更便宜、更聪明的创新，数字孪生将通过启用三个关键驱动因素来改变创新游戏。Continuous evaluation - Smart sensors being pasted on a produc

57、t are capable of capturing and continuously updating the products digital twin throughout its lifetime. This empowerment goes a long way for the betterment of the products. Predictive maintenance of products is being achieved. For example, advanced cars are being beneficially endowed through their o

58、wn digital twin. A slew of multifaceted sensors are attached on vehicles to capture the operational value of each of the important components. That is, vehicles on the road can send data to their digital twin to do real-time processing to emit out actionable insights in time. In short, digital twin-

59、enabled vehicles simply enjoy a number of distinctbenefits. The fuel efficiency can go up whereas the vehicle performance is bound to rise up considerably.持续评估-内嵌在产品上的智能传感器能够在产品的整个生命周期内采集实时数据，并不断更新产品的数字孪生体，这种功能大大改善了产品质量，可以对产品进行有计划的维护保养。例如，先进的汽车通过自己的数字孪生系统得到了有益的支持，在车辆上安装了许多的多面传感器，以采集每个重要汽车组件的运行数据，也就是

60、说，路上行驶的车辆可以将实时数据发送到其数字孪生系统以进行实际操作。简而言之，数字孪生汽车可享受许多独特的应用价值，燃油效率可以提高，车辆性能也必将大大提高。Faster and cheaper prototyping-The virtual version of any physical system comes handy in producing prototypes easily and quickly. Besides speeding up the innovation, the cost of producing physical products comes down shar