交流-与的对话

1、1.都市性和密度旧的建筑形式。在住宅设计中，真正的革新寥寥无几。市场基本上决定了产品，或者说房地产决定了建筑。另一方面，这座城市的生活方式也正在迅速地变化着。对不同的住宅设计的需求是巨大的。从潜在意义上讲，住宅建设可以成为最有前景的马：紧凑的密度作为一个实实在在的存在是和我关于一个城市的概念的体验紧密相连的。我已经了从城市巴塞罗那以及其他一些城市里获得的这种体验。须考虑大众的城市空间，而那绝不能仅仅是与汽车成群的逻辑相联系的东西。式的城区无规则的扩展与现代人的那种把大型对象置于绿色的空间的观念了两个乏味的限制，而在它们之间，则存在一种令人激动的都市体验。张：在体验中，1980年代前的是一个步行

2、之都。整个城市都是水平的，上面布满四合院和胡同，而人们在其间以奇妙的方式穿行着。这样一来，那基本的城市结构就是很紧凑的。现在，那种体验已经荡然无存了。虽然和建筑面积上升了，但是，并没有足够的物理密度来支撑商业活动、逛商店、好奇之旅乃至一般的都市生活正在变成休斯顿。它开始郊区化，而且甚至有可能向反都市化的方向发展。2.生活方式和住宅马：住房，对而言，是一个重要的但又非常艰难的任务。它和正规性、平凡性、传统、隐私、个人特征、商业等等都有关系。至少，在某个层面，对建筑师来说，要把所有委托事业。不幸的是的迄今巴塞罗那吸烟者 “The smoker”.Barcelona,Raval. GATCPAC 1

3、936这些议题都驾驭好是很不容易的。最好的住宅体验是和为止仅仅搞了些不成项目的建筑。另外，为低收入阶层建的公房短缺也是一个严重。荷兰经历有关的洲岛的住宅区对我而言仍然是一个很好的平衡之例：封闭与开口之间的平衡、公开与隐蔽之间的平衡。它们作为筑造工艺学的一个具体的3.现代性和传统例子，处在的正规性的边缘，但又具马：根据西班牙的背景，我欣赏有一定的异乎寻常的张力。那种新与旧之间的默默的连续性，那种几乎不考虑现在与过去之差的处理。张，住宅很可能是当前最守那是一种连续性的感觉。老的大型建筑4 0 世界建筑 2003/12交流which people may wonder through.Thus, t

4、he basic urban fabric then wasvery dense.experience is nowtotally eradicated. Although the population and number of built area have gone up, there is not physicaldensity to support commerce, window shop, wondering, orurban life in general. Beijing ising Houston. It isingsuburban and evenurban.sibly

5、anti-2. Life Style and housingM: Housing is an important but very difficult task to us.Its connected to normality,bity, traditions, privacy,individualism, business, etc.Astrtain level, it is not easy, for us交流与architects, to manage witi es.l thisMy best housing buildings are的connected to my Dexperie

6、nce:the housing block at the Borneo Island is still to me a good balance betweclosing and opening, public andCROSSINGVOI:private and a specific exe oftectonics, at the edge of extremenormality but witen.certain unusualHoChangand Josep LlusMateolog1. Urbanity and Densitythe modernistic idea of big ob

7、jects o the green void are two uneresting limits where in betwean exciting urban experience is placed.C: In China, housing is likely the most conservative building type right now. Very little real innovation takesplace in housing design. MarketM: Compact density as a physicalfact is close connected

8、to myexperience of whty is. I ambasically dices product or realused to this experience from my city, Barcelona, and from some others.We must deal about public urban space not just connected to the cars logic.The American urban sprawl andese dices architecture. On theC: My own experience with Beijing

9、other hand, life style icity isbefore 1980s wasestrian one.changing ray. There is tremendousThe entire city was horizontal andcarpeted with siheyuan (courtyard houses) and hutong (alleyways)demand for different residentialdesigns. Housing could be potentiallythe mosteresting commis.4 1 / JOSL SAT显得很

10、现代，但是也有一种变化、甚至是巨大的变化的可能性。一种忘记的可能性。根据我这个欧洲人的体验，我能感到差异。例如，意大利的情形似乎是紧密地和历史相连接的，或者是被历史所住了；德国是一个无解的方程；荷兰，就像 一样，总是在谈论未来Unfortuna y, our office has so far only built houses not yet housing project. The absence of publichousing for the lowerepopulation is also very problematic.3. Modernity and Tradition 我知道

11、现代文化中，现代性M: I apprete from my Spanish background a sense of quiet 与传统的关系是一个没有清晰的的问题。而这就了一个研究项目的条件。continuity betn old and new,almost indifference betn past张：与欧洲的情况不同，中国的现代性之历史是不超过100年的。正如新加坡and present. A sense of continuity; old great architecture is very present nearby, but there is also a pos ili

12、ty of change, even strong change. Asibilityoffor ting.European experience I feel differenfor instance, from Italy tha seems close connected (and attrapped) by History; Germany as建筑师利姆所的那样，一般而言，东亚的现代性是与后现代性相搭接的，那就是说，当像欧洲的现代主义者那样脱离历史传统的时候同时也在有意地试图与过去相联系。然而，也许是因为有太长的历史缘故吧并不那么怀旧，眼下很喜欢向前看，也许就像荷兰人那样。这种开放的

13、也是an equation without p Holland, like Nort talkingonfuture.I understandble solution; rica, is always最近的经济成功助长的结果。今天在中国工作意味着同时既要应付一个非常古老的文化又要应付一个年轻的社会。t modernity随便说一点 30几岁。的客户的平均是towards tradition is an isinheChiContemporary Culture withno clear answer.t means acondition for a Project.4.马：有关建筑实践的和的C

14、: Unlike in Europe, the modernity问题是关于建筑的品质特性的关键问题。在整个欧洲，各个层次的建筑都是同社会in China is less tone hud yearsold. As Singaporean architect William的和政治的相联系的。尽管在“平常Lim pod out, modernity in East Asia的”和“特殊的”建筑之间总是存在着区别，但是，在许多地方，人们对建筑的质量都有了越来越高的要求。西班牙有一些出色的 和杂志，它的文化传统是建in general overlaps p-modernity,whieanst w

15、hile we arebreaking oom the history as the一项基本任务。统。同霍 尔及其他纽约建筑师合European Modernists did we are trying作32就是要改变这一点的不仅意味着立在的历史上强大的专业组织之上alsontionally to make connection的，但也显示出一些弱点。这表现在大学张：中国急需建设一种建筑文化。眼下，虽然许多学生和年轻建筑师都在因特网上很活跃，但有组织的关于建筑尝试之一。然而with the pasthe same time.被消解为一个机器，也表现在活跃物，也包括展览会和各种会议，这些活How

16、ever, with perhaps too long history,动会一起把的实践推向前去的、世界性的重要机构的缺乏。Chiis not very nostalgic and quite我几乎一无所知，但是，依我和设计的不认为是很稀少的。在这点上，我已经有了一个可以依靠的传的确可以从西班牙的经验那里学到一些东西。forward-looking at this moment, like看，建设有效率的似乎是近期的the Dh maybe. The open attitude4 2 世界建筑 2003/12is also fuelled by the recentreformulate).I

17、ts a city in progress. Not finished like many Europeans cities. You can feel this (for an architect) exciting moment when something important has to be made or is being made.economical suc. Working in Chinatoday means dealing wiveryancient culture and a extremely youngsociety at once. The average ag

18、e ofour ct is mid-thirty, by the way.4. Media C: I was born and brought up in Beijing. I knew very well the old City, the Hutong (alleyway), the SiheyuanM: Discus architectural, diffuabout practice are key(courtyard house), the vegetns, thequestions on the architectural quality. All around Europe, A

19、rchitecture, at different levels, is connected to soci and political identity. Even if a gapopera, the food, of course. Now I have been back to my home town for 10 years after being away for 15 years in the U.S. and still do not understand the new City. It is truly an invisible city in some way. It

20、is an exciting place to work but a really inconvenient town to live in. Visually, the harmonious old urban fabric has been demolished and the reinvented city image is more th chaotic. It certainly changes too drastically and too fast. Our school, Peking University Graduate Center of Architecture, ha

21、s been conducting urban studies on Beijing for the past three years. Hopefully, a better understanding would eventually form. On the other hand, I feel thI could comprehend a city like Barcelona on a visit (I could be wrong). There is something clear about European cities.always exists betn”normal”a

22、nd“spel”Architecture,anyplaarchitectural quality is moreand more required. Spain is offering some good publishing houses andmagazines, ia cultural traditionbased on our historically prfulProfesal Assoion but also showssome weak poi. It is the dissolutionof the Universitya burocraticmachine and the i

23、nexistence of active and World-wide important institutions.I know very little abouina,butopinion to build efficientmedia platforms is going to be a fundamental task for the next future.C: China needs urgently to create an architectural culture. For the moment, although many students and young archit

24、ects are very active on the i rnet, or ized discussion architecture and design are rare.6.PractisingArchitectureM: Betn Business and Art,concept and material, science andexhibitions and conferenwhichM: From a remote(mine) Beijing is marked now by several big monuments from the past (to be kept), a n

25、etwork of motorways growing exponentially (to be reconsidered), and an informal mass of building with no quality (tosociety our profesplays on anwould togethush the practiceis regard, I do not think theunstable stage. This unstability, thishave a tradition to build on. Publishing 32 with Steven Holl

26、 and other New York architects is one of our efforts to change t. Media means however not only publications but alsoahead. We couldreally learntenis, to me, the exciting keysomething experience.from the Spanish question. But you need a lot of tools and protections to survive, because architecture ju

27、st as Business (or just as Art, on the opp te side) is totally5 .Beijing4 3 / JOSL S AT5.个硬币的另一面（不是麦克唐纳的均一性，也不是图画般 真的)。它是事物马：从一个遥远的视角（的）与人物之间的一种基本的互连，而这种互连可以增加正面的能量。我指的是基本的看现在的特征是几个大的历史纪念性建筑物（应当保存）、一个按指数速率增长的公路网络（应当重新考虑）和一大方面，一个可以令你把的绘画同明清花园相联系起来的基本空间。片无特征的建筑（应当重划）。它是一座发展中的城市。不像许多欧洲城市那样已经成熟了。作为一个建筑师

28、，你可以感到这个激动人心的时刻。这时，必须采取重要的举措，或者这个重要的举措正在被采取。8.材料在你的建筑中的作用张：在的实践当中，材料可以既意味着筑造工艺学也意味着文化。例如，在的一项住宅设计中使用了层压板框架作为结构，用夯实土作为围墙。张：我是生长在的。当然，我熟土和木而过去最常用的建筑材料。然对这两种材料的选用并不是出于知老城，比如：胡同、四合院、花草树木、京剧、小吃等。我在生活了15历史的考虑，而是出于社会生态学的考虑：土和木更接近乡村的环境，而且可以比混凝土或砖石建筑带来更少的环境危害。年后重归故里，又在这里生活了10年了，我仍然不理解这座新的城市。在某种意义上，它确实是一个无形的城

29、市。它是一个令人兴奋的工作地方，但真不是一个生活方便的地方。从外观上看，原来的和谐的旧城结构已被破坏，而新发明出来的城市形象又一片 。很显然，它变化太马：建筑学是处于边界的地位的。它先响应于某一实。，然后就把它变成现它虽然是抽象的，但又作为物快、太激烈了建筑学的学校院已经连续3年在进行关于质存在而检验居住。它可能产生于（事实上总是产生于）梦境、精神错的城市研究。我希望最终会出现一种更好的理解。另一方面，我觉得，对于一个像巴塞罗那那样的城市，我可以一到那里就理解（也许我是错误的）。欧洲的城市具有一种明确性。乱状态 ，但它的存在总是真实的，具体的，可以由感官试验的，客观的。我对作为的一部分的物质要

30、素是很感的。7.全球化时代的建筑的未来而言是一个很重要的里程碑。这（就集合意义来说）是另一个发明。我感于建筑的过程那个把张 待全球化可以用正面的眼光看全球化可以促进相互各种能量组织起来的过程（。我还喜欢更6.从事建筑业张，要想当建筑师，必一般地建筑，把它看作一个结局无法了解和文化交流，比如中国和西班牙之间。16世纪与17世纪之际的西班牙画家根据观察与被观察的知道的过程）。我记得在你的设计室的花园中看到一些竹子，而你曾告诉我一些关于它们的故事。我把它们看做材料：那些可以增加自己的截面面积的被系在一起的管子；由它们的高度柔韧性而导致的高度坚固性：它们折曲，但从不折断。不管怎么说，传统几乎任何传统都

31、同材料的体验有关， 这一点很须建立一套中国式的做法，那就是说，要马：在商业与艺术、观念和物质、科面对各种，比如数量、大小、速度、工学和社会之间的职业是处在一个不艺缺乏以及一系列令人困惑的城市条件。当同时进行10个以上的工程的时候，如何才能保持批评态度和做研究工作呢?假如所有传统的工程阶段都被压缩到1个月乃至更短的时间，设计过程应该是什么样的呢? 当人们不要求现场监督的时候，建筑师还能或应该控制建筑过程吗? 等等。这观点创作了他的杰作“”；建于稳定的舞台之上的。对我而言，这种不稳定，或者说这种张力，就是当前令人兴奋的关键问题。但是，要想生存，你需要许多工具和保护措施，因为建筑就像商业一 样（或以

32、相反的眼光看，正像艺术一样）明清两代的苏州花园反映了一种非常近似的视觉类现象。一旦认识到历史中的此大概就不会那么强调两种文化之间的差异了。今天，如果分利用全球性的交流的利处会有一个更和谐的世界供可以充也许就生存了。是完全枯燥无味的总是需要先发明出一些工具，然后才能去做事。中国的新形势很明显已经为些都属于必须解决。也许，只有当令我感；现代化运动的一部分内容这就意味着材料的变更或经常是戏剧性的。；这个过程人们已经把中国式的做法定义明白的时马：作为一种连接，全球化是一个职业重新设计了一个舞台，所以，它对候才可以论述当代的中国建筑。4 4 世界建筑 2003/12uneresting. We alwa

33、ys need towood frame as structure and rammed earth for the enclosing walls. Earth and wood were the most common building materials in Chinas past. However, our take on the twomaterials is not historical butinvent the tools which we are goingto operate to.The Chinew situation, clearlyreinventing a ne

34、w scenario for theprofesis a very importantlandmark for our future. Its (in acollective sense) another invention.ecological: Earnd wood wouldbe more sensitive to the rural site andcreate eventually lesser an C:To be an architect in China, Ienvironmental impactor masonry.concretethinkt it is very imp

35、ortant toestablish a Chi mode of practice, whithe challenge ofeans to take onty, size,M: Architecture is sitedeborderland. It corresponds to aspeed, a lack of workmanship, and a rather confusing set of urban conditions. How to be critical and conduct research while working 10or more projects at the

36、same time?thoughtturns inolid.It is idea, but it is checked, livedas a material. It may have started (in fact it always has) in dreams, deliriums,pass. but its presence is alwaysWhat could the design probereal, specific, to be experimented bythe senses, objective.like if all the traditional phasesco

37、llapseshorto one month or even ariod of time? Can or shouldI amrested ie materialelement as part of the idea.architect still control the construction when on site I amrested ie moment ofbuilding as thenization of thesuperviis not required? Es of variable energies. (I amThese are among the ques

38、tions thave to be answered. Perhaps, onlyerested, as well, more generally to think on the architecture as a proces whose end is not known).I remember to have seen in your studio s garden some bamboos, and you told me something aboutthem. I saw them as materials: tiedwhen Chipractice is defined,seeing andgardens buibeing seen; Suzhouring Ming and Qingkind of basicerconnection inwe can discuss a contemporarybetn things and peopletChiarchitecture.Dynasties shared a very similar visualcould increase the pive energy