新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳

1、新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unitl Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：. some和any +可数名/不可数名。some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。.由some, any, no, every与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。.不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如： something interesting【重点短语】buy sth

2、for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物taste + adj.尝起来nothing.but + V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有seem + (to be) + adj 看起来arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地decide to do sth.决定做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事=begin doing sth.stop doing sth.停止做某事 区分：st

3、op to do sth.停下来去做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事so + adj + that +从句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth忘记做过某事【词语辨析】take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 许多”seem + 形容词 看起来 . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.彳以乎/好像做某事 I seem to

4、 have a coldIt seems + 从旬 彳以乎.It seems that no one believe you.seem like .好像，彳以乎 .It seems like a good idea.arrive in + 大地点=get to= reach+M点名至 U 达”arrive at +小地点（注：若后跟地点副词 here/there/home,介词需省略，如： arrive here; get homefeel like sth 感觉像feel doing sth.想要做某事wonder （想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why）弓I导的从句。becaus

5、e of 铭/代/V-ingbecause啾句He can t take a walk because of the rain.I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.enough +S词 足够的.形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?【重点语法】.频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前，be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。.次数”的表达方法次 once, 两次twice, 三次或三次以上

6、： 基数词 + times,如：three times, five times,. how often多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的how疑问词：How soon多久（以后）- How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？- He will be back in a month.他一个月后能回来。how long 多久”- How long did it take you to clean the house?你打扫房子用了 多久？ It took me half an hour to clean the house.我打扫这房子用了 半/、时。How

7、many十名复How much+不可名多少”问数量（how much还可问价格）【重点短语】go to the movies 去看电影look after = take care of 照顾surf the internet 上网healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式go skate boarding 去戈 U板keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康eating habits 饮食习惯take more exercise做更多的运动the same as与什么相同be different from 不同once a mont月一次twice a week一周两次

8、make a difference to 对有影响 /作用most of the students=most studentsshop=go shopping=do some shopping勾物be good for 对有益be bad for 对有害come home from school 放学回家of course = certainly = sure 当然get good grades 取得好成绩keep/be in good health 保持健康take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】maybe / may bemaybe是副词，意为 大概，可能，或许，一般用于句首。M

9、ay be是情态动词，意为 可 能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry.The woman may be a teacher.a few / few / a little / littlea few （少数的，几个，一些）a little （一点儿，少量）few （很少的，几乎没有的）little （很少的，几乎没有的） 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.There is little time left. I wo

10、 n t catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk?hard / hardlyhard作形容词，意为 困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为努力地，猛烈地。hardly为 副词，意为几乎不”。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understand them.It s raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意

11、思是 至于；关于，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him , I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story, youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。That sounds interesting.这是 主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound （听起来），look （看起来），smell （闻起 来），taste （尝起来），feel （觉得），seem （好象），grow （变得），get （变得）等词在英 语中可用作系动词，后跟形容

12、词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。percent名词，意为 百分之”百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent3用复数形式），percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据 其后面的名词来确定。50%: fifty percent 百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%勺苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridg

13、e. 20%勺肉都在冰箱notat al!为点也不，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The story isn t interesting OtB个故事一点也没有趣。It is + adj. to do sth.做某事是的。It is interesting to play computer games.玩电月而彳艮有趣。take, spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth.意为 花费某人时间来做某事人(sb.) spend时间/钱on sth.买某物花了 钱”。人(sb.) spend时间/钱(in) doing花费多少时间来做某事”。

14、pay的主语必须是人，而 花钱买某物”为payforhowever副词，意为 然而，可是，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级(2)比较级，表示较或更(3)最高级，表小最。.比较级句型：A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “比B更”(注意：A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比)“A致意动词+副词比较级+ than + B表示“A比B”(3)比较A , B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较 时用句型：“Who/which 谓语动词

15、 + adj./adv.比较级，A or B ? ”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?.比较级的特殊用法(1)比较级+and+比较级”，意为 越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+级”“the+较级()，the+比较级()意思是:越一越” The mre, the better.(3)主+ is + the形容词比较级+of the two+名复 生语是两者中较 的”.两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard as

16、Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+容词或副词原级+as”I am not as tall as my sister.形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit,等来修饰形容词比较级。注意：比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。【重点短语】more outgoing 更外向/更开朗as.as.与一样the singing competition 歌咏比赛the most important 最重要的be talented in music在音乐方面有天赋the

17、same as 与相同care about关心/留意/关注be different from 与不同be like a mirror 像一面镜子as long as只要;与一样长bring out显示/显出get better grades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手达到/达到touch one s heartin fact事实上make friends 交朋友be good at在某方面成绩好the other 另一个be similar to 与相似be good with与和睦相处have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做

18、某事很开心do the same things as me 做和我一样的事情It s+adf+r sb.） to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）是 的”make friends with sb.与某人交朋友as long as只要；既然，引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】be good at=do well in ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长 .care about 关心care for 关爱take care 的 /小心）take care of 展 顾）=look aftermake sb. do sth.：让（使）某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式） His father

19、always make me get up before five oclock.make sb.形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy.be like 就像 I am like your sister.look like 外貌上的像 I look like my sister.That s why+：那就是的原因/那就是为什么Thats why I study English hard.那就是我努力学习英语的原因。be different from 与不同反:be the same asW 相同thoughadv.不过；可是；然而（句末补充说

20、明使语气减弱）conj.虽然；尽管although,与but不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didn t, though要来，可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。get better grades取得更好的成绩does励动词do/did）,为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。be good with sb.与某人相处得好Unit4 What s the best mo

21、vie theater?【重点语法】.形容词最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。标志词：表比较范围时用in/of形容词最高级前须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略the。.表示三者（或以上）中最的”的句型A + be + the形容词最高级+表示范围（in/of介词短语）A +实意动词+ （the）副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语常用句式Who/ Which +最高级，A, B or C ?one of +the +W容词最高级+名词复数形式，意为 最一之一”。3）序数词后跟形容词最高级【重点短语】so far到目前为止，迄今为止no problem没什么，别客气have .i

22、n commoiW相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同be up to由.决定/是.的职责all kinds of各种各样的 play a role in doing sth./ sth.发挥作用,有影响make up编造（故事、谎言等）for example=e.g.例如take.seriouSjy真对待not everybody并不是每个人close to 离.近more and more 越来越【词语辨析】How do you like + 名/代/V-ing=What do you think of:“你认为 怎么样？ ”Thanks for=Thank you for + 名/代/V-i

23、ng:感谢”You re welcome. =Not at 邵.客气talent名（可）天赋talent show才艺表演talented adj.有天赋的be talented in在方面有天赋be good at 擅长（= do well in）反义短语：be poor / weak in在方面薄弱be good for对有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad forbe good to对好（和善；慈爱），相当于be friendly to,后面通常接人all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种.* kind of 有点

24、 + adj.: kind of boring / fat /thinwin vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n.赢者watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事watch doing sth.观看某人正在做某事举例：such as常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on代等）连用；like可和such as互换；for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?【重点语法】.询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ？=How do yo

25、u like ？.描述喜好 I love/like/ don t mind/dislike/can t stand .复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他； 主语（三单）+V（三单）+其他）【重点短语】find out查出/发现be ready to do 准备做dress up打扮/化妆成take ones place 代替某人do a good job干的好/表演的出色think of想到/思考game show 游戏节 目learn from 向 学习talk show访谈节目soap opera月巴皂居1Jgo on 继续watch a movie 看电影one of 其中之一try

26、one s best to =do one竭尽：best toa pair of 一双as famous as一样闻名/出名look like看起来像around the world 世界各地have a discussion aboutM论.one day 有一天/某一天such as 例如a symbol of 一个象征/标志something enjoyable 快乐的事情interesting information 有趣的信息【词语辨析】want + n 想要want to do sth想要做某事want sb to do sth想让某人做某事 mind介意，其后+名词/代词/V-i

27、ngstand1）站，站立 e.g. Stand up起立2）忍受多用于否定句、疑问句），后可+名/代/V-ingplan vt. & vi.计戈L 打算，plan to do sth.plan还可作名词，如：make plans制定计划v. discuss 时论）+ ion - n. discussionhad a discussion about sth对某事进行讨论happen v.发生；出现sth+ happers to sb.或“ “sth happened 时间/地点”句式情态动词may语气弱于can,意为可能”might表推测，语气最弱，意为 可能”may/might not表示

28、否定推测时语气最弱，意为何能不”They may not be very exciting.它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。expect to do sth.期盼做某事hope to do sth:希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, askbe famous as作为而出名be famous for sth.因为而出名one of 后跟可数名词复数，表示之一。其后的谓语动词用单数。One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean.我最喜欢的电影

29、之一是憨豆先生。show n.节目 TV shows/ talent shows； v.展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.Unit6 I m going to study computer science.【重点词语/短语用法解析】want to be/become + 职业）名词：想要成为. ”I want to be （be） a scientist when I grow up.write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事keep on doing sth.继续做某事（表动作的反复）keeping doing sth.保持做某事（表

30、动作或状态的持续）be sure about 名 /代/V-ing 肯定”Are you sure about that?make sure （that）+A句.确保.”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.learn sth. We must learn English every day.learn to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano.discuss v.讨论； 商量 名词是 discussiondiscuss with sb.与某人讨论 :Di

31、scuss this question with your partner.Let s discuss this problem.我们讨论一下这个问题。All we need now is action, not discussion.我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。be able to do sth.能够做某事can : can+e词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用 于将来时。be able to +动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。can常指客观上能够；be able to更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事He will be able t

32、o(能够)speak English next year.(在止匕不能填 can)promise n.承诺;诺言 v.许诺；承诺;答应make a promise(to sb)(对某人)许下诺言keep a promise遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb) to do sth.许诺某人干某事promise (sb) +that 从旬He promised to help me.他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on.我承诺从现在起努力学习。have to do with 关于； 与有关系The b

33、ook has to do with computers. 本书与计算机有关。take up sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做I am going to take up cooking next year.明年我将要学煮饭。Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.too+形容词/副词to+动词原形，表示 太.而不能.如：The kid is too young to play this game.这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。one s own+ 某人自己的东西”，强调某物为个人所有my own b

34、ook 我自己的书本【重点语法】一般将来时“am/is/are going to砌词原形”结构.基本形式否定式：am/is/are not going to 呦词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are E 语+ going to +动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度彳贸。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm#那乌云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us剂会帮我

35、们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么?.基本用法(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。Unit7 Will people have robots?【重点词语/短语用法解析】many+可数名词 许

36、多much + 不可数名词 许多live to be+基数词 + years 01d 活到岁”be in great danger处在极大的危险中play a part in + 名/代/V-ing.参与某事/做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.help (sb.) with sth.帮助(某人)做某事He often helps me with my English.help sb. (to) do sth.帮助(某人)做He often helps me study English.help oneself ( to )自用

37、(食物等)Help yourself to the fish.请随便吃鱼the same as 和样 反义短语：be different fromIt takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.某人花了时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)It takes me an hour to get to my office.spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间(金钱)sb. spend time7money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。I spent two hours on this math probl

38、em.这道数学题花了 我个小时。They spent two years building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。hundreds of +名词复数 许多/大量数词+hundred +名词复数 几百类似的数词还有thousand （千），million （万）There are four hundred students in our grade.There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.during在期间during the vacation/the daytime/the weekendthe me

39、aning of 的意思Can you tell me the meaning of the words?【重点语法】一般将来时Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【重点词语/短语用法解析】cut是 切，割”的意思，过去式为cut。cut up意为切碎”Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.Cut it /them up.turn on打开，接通（电流、煤气、水等）turn off关掉，截断（电流、煤气、水等）turn up开大，调高（音量、热量等）turn down调低，关小（音量、热量等）one m

40、ore thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+ more +物品指另外的another +数字+物品 指另外的当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 anotherGive me two more hamburgersanother two hamburgersforget to do sth.忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事。It s a timeor sb） . to do sth.该是（某人）做某事的时期了It s time for sb.） to do sth. =It s time forsh.（某人）做某事

41、的时间了。It s a time for you to study English.It s time for us to go to school.（It s time for school.）give thanks for + 名/代 V-ing 戒S.”We should give thanks for our parents.He gave thanks for life and food.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal. by +sth./doing :以.

42、方式 I study English by listening to English songs.2）在.的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.3）在.之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.Here is + 名单（宾语）这是”是倒装句Here is a photo of my family.Here are+4 复Here are some English books.当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.t） Here are you.修昔）fill sth. with

43、 sth.用.把.装满（强调动作）be full of装满”强调状态）I filled the cup with the milk.The cup is full of the milk.put in（into）把.放到.里cover - with 用.覆盖cut into -.切成. Cut the apple into four pieces.cut up切碎serve v.月艮务 n. serviceserve +S/代 提供 ” The shop serves nice food.serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your f

44、riends with some vegetables.serve sb. with sth.用某物招待某人 Serve the guests with some tea.【重点语法】名词的单复数Unit9 Can you come to my party?【重点词语/短语用法解析】one another表示不确定数目中的另一个one-the other 表示两者中的另一个I dont like this one, can you show me another?I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager. s

45、ome - others 表示没有范围限定的 些另一些 ” some- the others 表示某一范围的 些其余的” Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus.Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus.invite v. 邀请 n. invitationinvite sb. to do sth.邀请某大干某事 ”invite sb. to+地点名词Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last

46、week.Thanks a lot for your invitationThanks for inviting me to your party.(1) What s theate today?意为 今天是几月几号？ It月s日 (2) What day is it today?意为今天是星期几？ It sO几。What s the date? -It s September 10th.-What day is it today? It s Wednesday.have a lesson(class)上课 have an English lessonprepare v.准备 n. prepa

47、rationprepare sh.准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。prepare for sth.为“做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备prepare to do sth.准备做某事”bring.to带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方take - to 带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。(两者方向相反)Bring your homework here, and take the book away.把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。without (介词)没有 反义词：with具有” We can t live without water.Jane is a beautiful gir

48、l with long hair.so that + 从句:以便于；目的是I study hard so that I can get good grades.surprise n.惊奇surprised adj.感到惊奇的（指人）surprising adj.令人惊奇的（指物）be surprised at sth.惊奇于某事”to one s surprise某人惊奇的是”Im surprised at the surprising neWs对这个令人惊讶的消息感至U彳艮吃惊。 To my surprise, he left without leaving a word.令我惊奇的是，他一

49、声不响地离开了。look forward to （介词）+名/代/V-ingI look forward to your reply.我期待你的答复。I look forward to seeing you again.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb.收至 U某人的来信。I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Exercising is the best way to keep he

50、althy.how to do that.该怎么做:疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语I don tow how to make a banana milk shake.I don t know what to do.at the end of 在一末尾Now, it is at the end of 2014.反义短语：at the beginning of 在“开始”be glad/happy/sad to do sth 很高兴雄过做某事I am glad to see you.reply to sb./sth.回复”“Reply in writi ng to the invitati

51、on以写信形式回复这份邀请函”【重点语法】一.表示邀请的句型Can/Could you （come to my party）?Would you like to.（ Would you like to my party）?接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I d love/like to.拒绝： I m sorry, I can t. I have to/mus（+Vi理由） Id love/like tbut I理由) m afraid not. I理由)(二.must 与 have tomust表示主观 必须；must表示 主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答： nee

52、dn或 dont have to 不必)。mustn表示 禁止”.have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否 ：don t / doesn t / didn 没珞|Ve to ( - Must I be home before eight o内选砌8 必须回家吗？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.Unit10 If you go to the party, you ll have a great time!【重点词语/短语用法解析】have a great time 意为 玩得愉快 ，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice timehave a great / good time in (doing) sth.做某事很开心ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人(不)做某事The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework.order sth. from + 地点 从某地订购食物”I wan