污水行业投资与运行研究

1、World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部Component B 部分Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Wastewater Study Team污水项目组North China Water Quality Study Program中国北方城市水管理研究项目Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Objectives 目标 - Improving Investment & Operation Efficiencies 提高

2、投资和运行效率Approach 研究方法 - General Investment Survey and Forecasting 总体投资分析和预测 - Identify Key Issues and Constraints 确认关键问题与制约因素 - Initiate Benchmarking System for WW Utilities 建立污水行业绩效评估系统Outputs 研究成果 - Recommend Practical Options for Improvement 推荐实际可行的方案以提高投资和运行效率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污

3、水行业投资与运行研究Study Geographic Area 研究区域 - Northern China cities in 14 provinces / municipalities above Yangtze River 长江以北中国北方14个省/市Study Tasks 研究任务 - Investment Survey and Forecasting 投资调研与预测 - Case Studies 案例分析 - Initiate Benchmarking System 建立绩效评估系统Investment Survey & Forecasting 投资分析与预测中国人民大学环境学院Sch

4、ool of Environment and Natural ResourcesRenmin University of ChinaInvestment Survey & Forecasting 投资分析与预测Data Sources 资料来源：China Urban Construction Statistics Yearbook中国城市建设统计年报Indexes 投资指标：Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment 排水固定资产投资Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 污水集中处理率 Total Investment 投资总量：19982

5、003Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Billion RMB北方十四省排水固定资产投资总额: 490.5亿元2003年14省平均污水集中处理率：29.71% Average Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 2003 in 14 Provinces: 29.71%14省污水处理投资与人均GDP: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003污水处理投资和流域地理位置Investment vs Location of Riverbasin投资研究发现M

6、ain Findings投资总量稳步增长 Steady Growth of Investment处理率不断提高 Increased Treatment rate有些城市超计划完成任务 Some cities over comply with the target投资研究发现Main Findings地区、城市间差异很大 Big Gaps between Cities投资相对集中在经济发达地区、大城市和流域下游 Capitals concentrate in developed regions, large cities and down streams城市污水处理投资任重道远 Huge dem

7、ands for the future2010年投资预测Investment Forecasting: 2010新增污水处理能力: 亿元New Treatment Capacity：100 M RMB 目标实现程度低中高污水集中处理率（%）556065污水处理厂建设投资额（亿元）173.699226.599279.52010年新增污水管网投资: 亿元New Sewers upto 2010：100 M RMB 目标达到程度低中高污水集中处理率（%）556065污水管网投资额139.89 178.02216.27 2004-2010年污泥投资预测Sludge Treatment年份污泥处理投资（

8、亿元）200479.39200581.69200683.99200786.29200888.59200990.89201093.19总计604.04建议Recommendations基于各地十五的实际水平和十一五目标规划投资：如黑龙江和北京 Planning investments based on both the local reality in 2005 and targets in 2010根据商业资金、财政资金和国际资金的不同功能和性质规划投资 Planning investment in accordance with various roles & purposes of com

9、mercial, international and financial capitals建议Recommendations以同时提高运行能力和处理能力为目标规划投资 Planning investments to promote both operational & treatment capacities结合价格、税收、财政政策改革规划投资 Planning investment in association with ongoing pricing, taxation and fiscal policy reform建议Recommendations 国家的城市污水处理投资规划应充分考虑

10、各地经济发展水平、城市规模和流域上下游差异 More attention on the differences in economic development, citys size and locations of riverbasin建议Recommendations城市污水处理投资规划应当与流域综合治理规划、污染控制规划相结合，特别注意同流域城市的投资和建设进度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水处理设施投资和建设的协调 Integration in riverbasin planning and coordination with cities in same riverbasin十一五投资规

11、划应当立足当地，照顾邻居，统筹流域，改善全国 Local base, neighbor care, watershed planning, country target北方主要河流水质情况：类及以下水质Water Quality in Main North Rivers：IV and Worse黄河 Yellow River：2000年：28.6%2003年：69.2%，其中劣类水增加了13.6%淮河 Huai River：1998年：72%2003年：81.4% 海河 Hai River：1999年：58.5%,类及劣类水一共为49.7%2003年：类及以下水质上升到了78.5%，仅劣类水就

12、占到53.9%。 注：数据来源：中国环境状况公报，1999-2004年。污水处理投资与城市规模Investment vs Cities Size城市类别超大城市特大城市大城市中等城市小城市污水集中处理率（%）42.6241.7719.3618.0715.66Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study案例分析(1/12) Objectives 目标To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and operation efficiencie

13、s through detailed case studies 通过详细的案例分析识别制约投资和运行效率的关键问题和限制因素Case Study Cities 案例分析城市 9 cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in Hai & Huai River Basins 淮河流域和海河流域不同地区和人口规模的9 个城市的11个污水处理厂 Tianjin (天津), Shijiazhuang (石家庄) ( 2 million 百万) Handan (邯郸), Huainan (淮南), Tangs

14、han (唐山) (1 2 million 百万) Bengbu (蚌埠), Fuyang (阜阳) (0.5-1.0 million 百万) Luan (六安) (0.2 0.5 million百万) Guoyang (涡阳) (0.2 million) Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study案例分析(2/12) Case Studies in 2001 2001年研究案例分析9 cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide 在全国范围内调研了9个城市的16个污水处理厂 Wast

15、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study 案例分析 (3/12) 11WWTPs visited in 2005 2005年调研的11个污水处理厂8 OXD 100 to 150 kcu m/d2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d 1 CASS 100 kcu m/day 16 WWTPs visited in 2001 2001年研究案例分析3 OXD 100 to 150kcu m/d4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d1 A/B 80 kcu m/d1 SB

16、R 150 kcu m/d1 BIO 120 kcu m/d 8 个氧化沟工艺 10万- 15万 m3/天 2 个活性污泥法 16万-26万 m3/天 1 个CASS工艺 10万 m3/天 3 个氧化沟工艺 10万- 15万 m3/天 4 个A/O工艺 10万- 20万 m3/天 2 个A2/O工艺 10万- 30万 m3/天 1 个A/B工艺 8万 m3/天 1 个SBR工艺 15万 m3/天 1 个BIO工艺 12万 m3/天Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study 案例分析 (4/12) Methodology o

17、f Case Study 研究方法Questionnaires distributed and collected 分发调查问询表Interviews and site visits conducted 现场调研Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of WWTP and WWC performance 应用绩效指标分析污水公司和污水处理厂的运行Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study 案例分析 (5/12) Findings 调查结果Nutrient remov

18、al problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in non-compliance for class II discharge standards 23个污水处理厂之中有5个氮磷去除尚未达标，3个污水处理厂尚未达到国家二级排放标准Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design capacity nonworking capital USD100-200m 23个污水处理厂的水力负荷约为设计能力的70%-闲置固定资产约为1-2亿美元Nearly all sludge dewatered and s

19、ent to landfill 污泥处置工艺基本采用脱水后填埋处理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Case Study 案例分析 (6/12) Findings (continued) 调查结果（续）30% or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent with BOD80mg/l as low as 30mg/l 30% 或23个污水处理厂中的7个进水水质浓度低于设计标准，BOD or average超过平均值2倍的标准偏差较好Wastewater Utility Perform

20、ance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (3/14)Performance Indicator绩效指标City/WWC城市/污水公司WWTP污水处理厂Environmental PI 环境指标Personnel PI 人员指标Physical PI 物理指标Operational PI 运行指标Quality of Service PI 服务质量指标Financial PI 财务指标Total 总计4 6 114593955616Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmar

21、king System 绩效评估系统 (4/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI 11.6 - WW Operating Costs PI 11.6 单位营业费用Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (5/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served PI 12.6 工作人员/排水服务人口 Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benc

22、hmarking System 绩效评估系统 (6/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year) PI wPh3 二级污水处理厂利用率 (%/年)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (7/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e) PI wEn6 人均污泥产量 (Kg干重/1000 p.e)Wast

23、ewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (8/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 水质检测频率 (#/月)Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (9/14)Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较PI 24.1 Working RatioPI 24.1 运营资金比率

24、Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (10/14)Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 排水普及率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (11/14)Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较 PI 17.1 Wastewater Treatment PI 17.1 污水处理Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (12/14)Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较 PI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 运营资金比率Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行