人教版八年级英语上册时态知识总结及练习

1、第 页共14页人教版八年级英语上册时态知识总结一般现在时一.动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-S,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。在加词尾-S时要注意:情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads,writes,says以ch,sh,s,x,或o收尾的词加-esteaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estrytriescarrycarries二一般现在时表示:表示现在的状态，例如:Hestwelve.表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,常与often,uSually,SometimeS,alwayS,eve

2、ryday等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:Igotoschooleveryday.表示主语具备的性格和能力，例如:Shelikesapple.表示客观、普遍的真理。Twoandfourmakessix.三句型肯定句结构：主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语行为动词:主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时(I,you,we,they,theboys)，主语+动词原形+宾语。Theygotoschooleveryday.主语为第三人称单数时(it,he,she,Lily),主语+动词s/es+宾语。Lilyoftenlikessinging.系动词(be):主语+系动词+表语。Iam.They

3、/We/Youare.He/She/Itis.2否定句结构：主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语行为动词:主语为第一、二人称，复数人称时，主语+dont+动词原形。Theydontgotoschooleveryday.主语为第三人称单数时，主语+doesnt+动词原形。Lilydoesntlikesinging.系动词(be):主语+is/am/are后加not+表语Iamnotaworker.一般疑问句结构:(1)行为动词主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时，Do+they/we/you+动词原形Dotheygotoschooleveryday?(Yes,theydo.No,theydont.)主

4、语为第三人称单数时，Does+he/she/iIt+动词原形DoesLilyoftenlikesinging?(Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesnt.)(2)系动词(be):is/am/are+主语+表语Areyouaworker?(Yes,Iam.No,Imnot.)特殊疑问句结构特殊疑问词(what,howoften,which,where,who)+般疑问句？(1)行为动词Whatdotheydoeveryday?HowoftendoesPetergofishing?(2)系动词(be):Whoisthegirlatthatgate?一般过去时一动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过

5、去的动作或状态，在句中由主语动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkworkedplantplayplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加likeliked-dlivelivedchangechanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的plan(计划)planned重读闭音节词，先双写这stopstopped个辅音字母，再加eddropdropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，carrycarried先变y为i再加-edstudystudiedcrycried二一般过去时表示:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday.,last.,.ago,inl99

6、0等表示过去状态的时间状语连用，如Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用，女口Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.三句型肯定句结构:行为动词:主语+动词的过去式Thetwinswenttoschooltwohoursago.系动词(be):1/He/She/It+was.They/We/You+were.Iwasathomelastnight.2.否定句结构:行为动词：主语+didnt+动词原形Thetwinsdidntgotoschooltwohoursago.系

7、动词(be):主语+wasnt/werent+表语。Iwasntathomelastnight.一般疑问句结构:（1）行为动词:Did+主语+动词原形？Didthetwinsgotoschooltwohoursago?（Yes,theydid.No,theydidnt.）（2）系动词（be）:was/were+主语+表语？Wereyouathomelastnight？（Yes,Iwas.No,Iwast.）特殊疑问句结构特殊疑问词（what,howoften,which,where,who）+般疑问句？频度副词：通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时，频率副词常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动

8、词之后。常见的频度副词有：always（总是，一直）、usually（通常）、often（常常，经常）、sometimes（有时候）、never（从不）、hardlyever（几乎从不）、everyday（每天）。频度副词的位置：放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。Davidisoftenarriveslateforschool.大卫上学经常迟到。放在行为动词前。Weusuallygotoschoolat7:10everyday.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。sometimes可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。SometimesIwalkhome,andsometimesIridesabike.有

9、时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。everyday与everydayeveryday作状语，译为“每一天”。如：Wegotoschoolat7:10everyday.我们每天7：10去上学。IdecidetoreadEnglisheveryday.我决定每天读英语。everyday作定语，译为“日常的”。ShewatcheseverydayEnglishonTVafterdinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whatsyoureverydayactivity?你的日常活动是什么？练习Howoften_doesyourfatherdrink_（drink）wine?Hismother_comes

10、_（come）toseehimonceaweek.Hersister_willnotstay_（notstay）athomeonSundays.Where_were_（be）youlastnight?Sheexerciseseveryday.（划线部分提问）_Howoften_doesshe_exercise?Jimalwaysdoeshishomeworkafterschool.（改为否定句）Jimneverdoes_hishomeworkafterschool.Henevergoesfishing,_doeshe_?（完成反意疑问句）He（go）_goestotheparkeveryday

11、._DoLucyandLily（like）_likeChina?LiLei（notlike）_doesntliketodrinkorangesoda._Did_LiMingsfather（have）_havehislunchathome?Everybody（have）_hasachancetowin._Did_youmakethiscakelastnight?Yes.Idid.DidTomgo_homeatfiveyesterday?No,hedidnt_.Hecamehomeatsix.Whatdid_you_buyatthestore?Iboughtacamera.Wereyouathom

12、eyesterday?Yes,I_was.Wheredidyoucatchthefish?Iitintherivernearmyhouse.WhenI（knock）athisdoor,hewascooking.TomandI（am,are,was,were）lateforschoolyesterday.20.IfyouwanttoimproveyourspokenEnglish,youmustspeakmoreEnglishA.everyday;everyday;B.everyday;everyday;现在进行时一.动词变化：现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词构成。加-ing的规则

13、如下：(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ingostaystayingdodoinglistenlisteningsuffersufferingworkworkinglooklookingspendspending(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing。makemakingtaketakinggivegivingrideridingpleasepleasingrefuserefusingcloseclosingoperateoperating(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunningbegi

14、nbeginning二现在进行时表示：winwinning表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now,atpresent,atthemoment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look(看)，listen(听)。Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。现在进行时有时可表

15、示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。Whenareyouleaving?AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?三句型1肯定句结构：主语+is/am/are+动词-ing.例如:Theboysareplayingfootballnow.2否定句结构：在is/am/are后加not例如:Theboysarentplayingfootballnow.般疑问句结构：把is/am/are提在主语前.例如：Aretheboysplayingfootballnow?（Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般将来时一动词

16、变化：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与tomorrow，next引导的短语（如nextweek），this引导的短语（如thisyear），fromnowon；inthefuture等连用。二一般将来时的用法（1）Will/Shall+动词原形表示将要发生的动作或情况。Iwill（shall）arrivetomorrow.我明天到。Willyoubefreetonight?你今晚有空吗？在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。如：Wellonlystayfortwoweeks.我

17、们只待两星期。在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见，或是询问一个情况：Shallwehaveanyclassestomorrow?明天我们有课吗？在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如：HowwillIgetthere?我怎么去？begoingto+动词原形表示打算、准备做的事。如：Wearegoingtoputupabuildinghere.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如：Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.我看要下雪了。Theresgoingtobealotoftroubleaboutt

18、his.这事肯定会有很多麻烦。“will”句型与“begoingto”句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来，后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。如：TomorrowwillbeSaturday.明天是周六了。WearegoingtovisitParisthissummer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。用现在进行时表示。表示位置转移的动词(如：go,come,leave,start,come,go,arrive,reach等),可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如：UncleWangiscoming.王叔叔就要来了。TheyreleavingforBeijing.他们即将前往

19、北京。ImleavingforBeijing.我要去北京。用一般现在时表示。某些词，如come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay,live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作.Thenewtermstarts(begins)onAugust29th.新学期八月二十九日开学。Hegetsoffatthenextstop.他下一站下车Thetrainleavesat12:00.火车12点开出。当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgooutfo

20、rapicnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.走前关灯。IllwritetoherwhenIhavetime.我有空会给她写信。（5）“beto+动词原形”和“beaboutto+动词原形”表示将来。“beto+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:Arewetogoonwiththiswork?我们继续干吗？Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。HeistovisitJapannextyear.明年他将访问日本。“beaboutto+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很

21、快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。Weareabouttoleave.我们马上就走。Iamabouttogetup,mum.妈妈,我立刻就起床。三句型肯定句结构:用于书面语：主语+will+动词例如:Wewillcometoseeyoutomorrow用于口语：主语+am/is/aregoingto+动词例如：TomisgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday.否定句结构：用于书面语：在will后加not例如：Wewontcometoseeyoutomorrow.(willnot=wont)用于口语：在is/am/are后加not.例如：Tomisngoingtoseehisun

22、clenextSunday.一般疑问句结构：用于书面语：把will提在主语前.例如：Willyoucometoseeyoutomorrow?(Yes,wewill.No,wewont.)用于口语：把is/am/are提在主语前.例如：IsTomgoingtoseehisunclenextSunday?(Yes,heis.No,heisnt.)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？四练习1.I(leave)inaminute.I(finish)allmyworkbeforeIleave).I(be)tired.I(go)tobedearlytonight.They_(nothave)anyclas

23、sesnextweek.They(notleave)untilyoucomeback.Thereameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobeyoufreetomorrow?No.Ifreethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbeLetsgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?OK.I.A.willcomi

24、ngB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcomingaconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareIfittomorrow,wellgoroller-skating.A.isntrainB.wontrainC.doesntrainD.doesntfineWillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?-No,.A.theywillnt.B.theywont.C.theyarent.D.theydont.Thetrainat11.A.go

25、ingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarrivingHethereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.beopenthewindow?A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.DoyouWhereisMissWang?ShewenttoHainanIslandlastweekandwillreturn_sixdays.A.agoB.laterC.behindD.inWhenagain?-Whenhe,Illletyouknow.A.hecomes;comesB.

26、willhecome;willcomeC.hecomes;willhecomeD.willhecome;comes时态练习题()1-Hecameearlythismorning,didnthe?-Yes,hedid.Heoften_toschoolearly.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.hascome()2Thesun_intheeastand_inthewest.A.raises;setB.rise;setsC.rises;setsD.rises;set()3.-Iusuallyhavemilkandbreadforbreakfast.Whataboutyou,Jim?-Sod

27、oI,butmysister_.A.hasntB.doesntC.didntD.wont()4-Thattenpoundnotebelongstome.A.Yes,itbelongsB.No,itdoesntC.Yes,itisD.No,itisnt()5Shewillgoifit_tomorrow.A.isntrainB.dontrainC.doesntrainD.didntrain()6-_he_toworkonfoot?-Yes,he_.A.Do;go;doB.Does;go;doesC.Is;going;doesD.Does;go;is()7HowitinEnglish?A.yousa

28、yB.doyousayC.tospeakD.abouttalk()8you_howtogetthebusstop?A.Have;knowB.Do;knowC.Are;knowingD./;know()9.I_whattheoldmansaidisright.A.amthinkingB.isthoughtC.thinkD.thought()10.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe_?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive()11.Ourclassesat7:30tomorrowmorning.A.beginB.beginsC.is

29、beginningD.werebeginning()12.Thetrain_atfivethisafternoon.A.leaveB.leavingC.leavesD.areleaving()13.ThetrainfromTianjin_anhourago.A.arrivedB.hasarrivedC.wasarrivingD.arrivedat()14.Helivedtherebeforehe_toChina.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.coming()15.Agirl_thewalletand_.A.found;turnsitinB.wouldfind;hasturnedin

30、itC.found;turneditinD.hasfound;turnedinit()16.I_theblackboardbut_nothingonit.A.lookedat;sawB.havelooked;sawC.saw;lookedatD.waslookingat;wasseeing()17.When_tolearnEnglish?A.doesshebeginB.didshebeginC.hasshebegunD.shebegan()18.Myyoungerbrotherthearmy1990.A.joined;atB.joined;inC.hasjoined;inD.hasjoined

31、;since()19.-Didyouwaitforyourfatherverylong?-Yes,Itobeduntiltwointhemorning.A.didgoB.didntgoC.hadgoneD.went()20.ThestudentshardlystudiedtheEnglishlanguage,_they?A.didB.didntC.wereD.werent()21.Hecamein,_hiscoatandsatdown.A.tookdownB.tookoffC.takingdownD.takingoff()22.Whenhewasachild,heinthegardeninth

32、emorning.A.alwaysplaysB.alwaysplayedC.playsalwaysD.playedalways()23.Heisgoodatmathsandhe_hard.A.alwaysstudyB.alwaysisstudyingC.isalwaysstudyingD.studiesalways()24.Whenhewasyoungheswimintheriver.A.usedB.usedtoC.usesD.use()25.Oh,youarehere?Ithoughtyouontheplayground.A.ranB.runsC.arerunningD.run()26.Lo

33、ok!Anelephant_thisway.A.wascomingB.iscomingC.cameD.comes()27.Bequiet!Imtryingtohearwhattheman.A.issayingB.hassaidC.willsayD.says()28.Whichcar_he_whentheaccidenthappened?A.is;repairingB.was;repairingC.did;repairD.does;repair()29.I_goingtoLondonnextmonth.A.willthinkofB.amthinkingofC.thinkofD.amthoughtof()30.We_