上海市2021届高考英语冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编：选词填空专题 含答案

1、上海市2021年高考英语冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编选词填空专题2021届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷1Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. overlooked B. alternative C. urge D. habitually E. external F. interactionG. equivalent H.

2、significantly I. clue J. integrated K. infectiousHow has it become the modern _31_ of glancing at your watch-the furtive(偷偷的) look at a phone screen to check for new messages or have a quick look at ? Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong _32_ to glance at our cell phones. Using

3、 your mobile, they say, is _33_.A team from the University of Michigan say people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their text messages or email if theyre with someone who has just done the same. It also found that females were more likely to use their mobile than men because it

4、was more _34_ into the daily lives of women.The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around campus, observing pairs of students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and documented their cell phone use at 10-second intervals. “What we found most fascinating was just how often

5、 people were using their mobile phones,” Dr Daniel Kruger, the studys co-author, said. “Overall, the students used their cell phones in an average of 24 percent, but they were _35_ more likely to use their phones when their companion had just done so in the previous 10-second interval than without t

6、he social _36_.“Cell phones create a(n) _37_ outlet for ones attention and may both promote and interfere with live social interaction,” the researchers wrote.Kruger believes this pattern could be related to the effects of social inclusion and exlusion. If one person in a pair engages in a(n) _38_ c

7、onversation through their phone, his or her companion may feel excluded. That companion then might be compelled to connect with others externally so as not to feel _39_.The researchers note that they might not observe the same results in a study of different crowds- for example, in older adults, who

8、 may not use cell phones as _40_.31-40 GCKJHFBEAD【重难点词汇和短语解析】Habitually - adv.习惯性地，日常地Integrate into - prep.成为一体，融入Alternative - adj.可供选择的; n.备选项Interval - n.间隔Outlet - n.出口，排放口；发泄方式interfere with - prep.介入Inclusion - n.包含，内含物Exclusion - n.被排除在外的事物Engage in - prep.参与，从事be compelled to - prep.不得不【试题解

9、析】G.equivalentG.equivalenternG.equivalentG.equivalentchG.equivalentG.equivalent, 本句意思是现代人看手机就像以前的人看手表一样，时不时地会去偷偷瞄两眼。C.urge.C.urge.C.urge.C.urge.C.urge.C.urge.我们会有如此强烈的欲望去看手机，因此选C.urge.33题的线索在第二段开头，讲到如果别人看手机，我们就更有可能掏出手机来，因此这一举动是具有“传染性的”，因此锁定K.infectious.34题考查短语integrate into - 成为一体，融入。本句讲的是女性比男性更长用手机

10、，因为手机与女性的生活融为一体。35题前后衔接为were more likely,因此判断此处为副词，修饰more likely的程度副词只有habitually,因此答案选D.36题考查短语social interaction - 社交，此线索也在下文中出现。本句的意思是这些被调查的大学生如果在跟别人社交两天的间隙停留十秒看到别人看了手机，而没有跟自己有任何交流，那么自己极有可能也去看手机。37题判断词性为形容词，本句意为手机为人们获得他人的注意提供了另一种方式。因此选B.alternative.38题判定为形容词，剩下的形容词当中只有E.external符合本句话的意思，此处在讲两人中有一

11、人在用电话跟别人交流，而这种交流只能是外在的，通过手机沟通。39题判定为形容词，本句意思是看到对方看手机，而为了让自己感到不被忽视也不得不去看手机。因此选A.overlooked.40题所在的这句话举例了其他人群可能并非上文所说的那样，比如老年人就不会常常用手机，表示习惯性地去做什么事，因此答案为D.habitually.2021届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷2Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note th

12、at there is one word more than you need.seemingly B. unathletic C. monitoring D. surprise E. efficient F. bottling G. intelligently H. outperformed I. collapsed J. recovery K. similarWhy do kids never seem to get tired?Its the age-old question asked by parents: Why do kids never seem to get tired? F

13、inally, science has an answer. According to a new study, most children have a metabolic rate _31_ to that of a well-trained endurance athlete, and they can recover from fatigue even faster.For the study, published inFrontiers in Physiology, researchers compared the metabolic and fatigue rates of thr

14、ee groups of participants: 8- to 10-year-old boys, _32_ adults, and nationally-ranked endurance athletes who compete in triathlons, marathons and cycling. Researchers compared the energy output and _33_ rates following exercise by _34_ heart rates, oxygen levels, and lactate-removal levels to see ho

15、w quickly the participants recovered. Children _35_ adults in all of the tests.Step for step, researchers found that the kids burned more energy because they had to take more steps to cover a certain distance than their adult peers. They also tended to use less _36_ movements to complete each task.

16、But the study found that the children overcame these obstacles with _37_ fatigue-resistant muscles that allowed them to recover quickly from high-intensity exercise.Thats right, fatigue-resistant muscles.These results come as no _38_ to any parent who has ever _39_ on the couch after trying to keep

17、up with kids at the playground. Theres a reason why parents often joke about _40_ their kids energy and selling it to make millions. And now, it seems, science finally agrees.答案：31.K 32. B 33. J 34. C 35. H 36. E 37.A 38. D 39. I 40. F2021届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷3Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a

18、proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. involved B.accurately C. present D. arises E. existing F. accuracyG. moderate H. available I. processing J. respective K. closelyComputer programs recognise white men better than black

19、 womenSoftware that recognises faces has bounded ahead in recent years, aroused by a boom in a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning. Several firms now offer face recognition as a commercial service, via their _31_ clouds. The ability to recognise in faces such things as an individual

20、s sex has improved too, and this is also commercially _32_.The algorithms _33_ have, however, long been suspected of bias. Specifically, they are declared to be better at _34_ white faces than those of other people. Until now, that suspicion has been unsupported by evidence. But next week, at Fairne

21、ss, Accountability and Tranrency, a conference in New York, Joy Buolamwini of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology will _35_ work which suggests it is true.Ms Buolamwini and her colleague Timnit Gebru looked at three sex-recognition systems, those of IBM, Microsoft and . They tested these on a

22、set of 1,270 photographs of parliamentarians(国会议员) from around the world and found that all three classified lighter faces more _36_ than darker ones. All also classified males more accurately than females. IBMs algorithm, for example, got light male faces wrong just 0.3% of the time. That compared

23、with 34.7% of the time for dark female faces. The other two systems had similar gulfs in their performances. Probably, this bias _37_ from the sets of data the firms concerned used to train their software. Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru could not, however, test this because those data sets are _38_ guar

24、ded.IBM has responded quickly. It said it had retrained its system on a new data set for the past year, and that this had greatly improved its _39_. When testing the new system on an updated version of the set of politicians Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru had used, the firm said it now achieved an error

25、 rate of 3.46% on dark-skinned female facesa tenth of that the two researchers had found using the _40_ system. For light-skinned males the error rate also fell, to 0.25%. 3135 JHAIC 3640 BDKFE命题思路：1. 转换法：present n./adj./v.2. 缀合法： （1）respect - respective avail - available （2）accurate - accurately cl

26、ose - closely（3）involve - involved exist - existing process - processing （4）arise - arises 3. moderate（-moderation）2021届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷4Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.maximum

27、 B. initially C. forgotten D. image E. talented F. assignedG. insight H. potential I. position J. measure K. averagelyHighly gifted children benefit from explanation as much as their peersSchools tend to assume that highly gifted children can manage by themselves and that they do not need any extra

28、support . As a result , they sometimes seem to be (31)_. Psychologist Bar Vogelaar conducted a research and discovered that a high gift does not mean performing to the childrens (32)_capacity. He finds out that this group too benefit from training and explanation and that strangely enough , the bene

29、fits are the same for both groups. In his research, Vogelaa made use of dynamic tests (动态测试)，in which children received training and their progress was measured afterwards to give a better (33)_ of their learning capabilities, 522 children aged between five and ten years -173 highly gifted and 349 (

30、34)_ gifted -took part in what was so-called learning potential test ; The children were (35)_to solve analogical reasoning(类推）tasks. Three boxes were filled with figures that changed from one box to the next according to a particular rule, for example, in size or in (36)_. The children had to use a

31、nalogical reasoning to draw the figure in the last box.Afterwards, the children were given a training, followed by a further set of tasks as a post-assessment. Vogelaar confirms: “This kind of test gives a better (37)_ into how well children learn because we are able to (38)_ not only how much they

32、progress on a new task , but also how much and what kind of help they need to achieve this progress.”The test showed that all groups of children made progress , from the starting to the post-measurement, with major individual difference. “it confirms that (39)_ as many children are, they benefit fro

33、m teachers help to a great extent , and that they dont always show their full (40)_ in test.” Vogelaar concludes.答案：31.C 32. A 33. D 34. K 35. F 36. I 37. G 38. J 39.E 40.H2021届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷5Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only onc

34、e. Note that there is one word more than you need.infections B. factors C. particularly D. separate E. seriously F. passive G. mixtures H. significantly I. present J. negative K. exposedAir pollution triggers more heart attacks than using cocaine and poses as high a risk of rking a heart attack as a

35、lcohol, coffee and physical exertion, scientists said on Thursday. Anger, marijuana (大麻）use and chest or respiratory (与呼吸有关的）（31) _ can also trigger heart attacks to different extents, the researchers said, but air pollution, (32) _ in heavy traffic, is the major cause.The findings, published in The Lancet journal, suggest population-wide (33) _ like polluted air should be taken more (34) _ when looking at heart risks, and should be put into context besides higher but relatively rarer risks like drug use. Tim Nawrot of Hasselt University in Belgium, who led the study, said he ho