高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态

1、高考英语语法复习动词时态和语态一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。4、五种不同的短语动词：1） “动词+介词”；2） “动词+副词”；3） “动词+副词+介词”；4） “动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5） “be+形容词（

2、包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave,start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）

3、5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come,start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3） was going to do 可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与 just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的 动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与 since, for 连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所

4、产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和 for（有时可省去）或 since构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。练习一：动词时态与语态（1）When I saw Mary, she on the piano.A

5、. is playingB. playsShe the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is lockingA hunter is a man who animals.A. catchB. catchesC. was playingC. has locked.C. will catchD. playedD. was locking.D. was catchingC. will happen D. is happenedC. is lettingD. will letWhat if I drink this?A. happensB. is ha

6、ppeningI will visit you if Father me.A. letB. letsLook out! That treefall down.A. is going toB. will beC. shallD. wouldMy uncleto see me. Hell be here soon.A. comesis comingC. had comeD. came8. They cant leave until theytheir work.A. didare doingC. have doneD. has doneHas he seen this film? Yes. HeA

7、. sawB. has seenit several days ago. C. had seenD. was seeingNow Mike isnt here. HeMr Greens. Perhaps heback in a few minutes.A. went to; is comingB. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will beD. is going to; has comeThat day he .A. has washedhis clothes before he came to see me.B. washedC. had be

8、en washing D. was washedI havent finished my composition.for two hours and a half.A. have written itB. have been writing itD. am writting it ShangHai,A. go toB. will go toC. have been toD. have gone to14. This bright girlthe truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt sayB. couldnt speak toC. saidD. didnt

9、tellThe bridge whichA. was builtlast year looks really beautiful.B. builtC. was set upD. had been built Whenschool begin? Next Monday. A. hasB. doesC. didD. is going toI willA. leavehere till you give me some money.B. not leaveC. comeD. returnIhere since I moved here.A. will workB. workedC. workD. h

10、ave been working19. Every time Ithere, I will buy him something nice.A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone20. It was said that his fatherA. has diedB. died.C. has been deadD. had died21. We wont go unless yousoon.A. had comeB. cameC. will comeD. come22.six years since I began studying English.A. They h

11、ave beenB. it isC. It wasD. There are23. Theythe Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, itnearly two years since welast.C. wrote it 13. I will take my daughter with me when ID. has been/had metthere. A.

12、 is/have met B. was/had met C. is/metHave you seen the art exhibition? No,A. it was not being heldC. it had not heldthey didnt holdD. they were holding itDont get off the bus until it.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stoppedWhere the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I it right here. But now itsg

13、one.A. did you put/have putB. have you put/putC. had you put/was puttingD. were you putting/have putThey asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I a gooddrink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoyingD. comingD. Are/marriedD. will be soldDont come to

14、night. I would rather you tomorrow.A. comeB. cameC. will comeyou?A. Do/marryB. Have/married C. Have/been marriedWhen he all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sellsB. has soldC. will have soldThis cloth well and long. Ok. Ill take it.isA. washes/lastsB. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lastedD.washing/last

15、ingHurry up, you on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you.A. are wanted B. are being wantedC. wantD. are wantingI see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wantedD. was wantedI in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have livedB. was livingC. will be livingD.

16、shall have livedBy this time next year he from the college.A. will be graduatingB. should be graduatingC. will have graduatedD. is graduatingOur teacher told us that the earth from west to east.A. turnsB. turnC. has turnedD. had turnedMy brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridi

17、ngB. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was ridingBill said he twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could be D. was to beIt is high time you in bed now.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would beAfter a while an agreement.A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arri

18、vedD. has been arrivedThe air liner from Beijing at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arriveB. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrivethat step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look outD. Look downD.Have you him to give up smoking?No. I, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC.

19、 tried/triedpersuaded/persuadedThe research laboratory is going to the new type of computer to use.A. takeB. makeC. putD. sendI dont know when he, but when he, Ill let you know.A. will come/comes B. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will comeHow much do you think that vase?A. is costB. used

20、C. was paid forD. costI that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping“Come on, Peter, I want to show you something. ”“Oh, how nice of you, I you to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didn t thi

21、nk/ are goingD. hadn t thought/ were goingIt s a nice flat, but it a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have gotShe had a shock when she heard the news,?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. won tsheThis liquid the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was

22、mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by动词时态和语态(2) 一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句(主要是宾语从句)中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knowsyou have been in Beijing for five rears.2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：(1)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过

23、去时 或过去进行时，如： She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如： I didn t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didn t know when they would have a rest.(4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：Whenl was a litt

24、le child, myfathertold me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体， 则从句仍要用过去完成时，如： Tome said he was born in 1975.二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动 语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:We often help them.( 主动)我们常帮助他

25、们。 They are often helped by us.( 被动)他们常被我们 帮助。1 、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词 be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。2 、被动语态八种时态的用法例句：被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如 :(1) 一般现在时：NowEnglish is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People wasbuilt in 1959. (3)一般将来时：Wh

26、en will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：He told us thatthe work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)过去进行时： The child was being examined by the doctorwhen they came in. (7) 现在完成时： The work hasn t been finished yet. (8)过去完成 :The new planhad been carried out be

27、fore the second experiment began.3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态： (1)当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时， 如：Paper was first madein China.(2)当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如： The new machine wasinvented by a 20-year-old young worker.4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：(1)将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；最 后在被动语态之后加介词 by,并将主动

28、结构的主语放在by之后(经常被省略)，构成介词短语；由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如： Trees are planted every spring. (2)如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保 留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介 词 to 或 for , 如： Grandma told me an interesting story last night.f I

29、 was told an interestingstory last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night.( 3 ) 主动语态中的宾语力口带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语 的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. fShe was asked to sing a song.在动词 make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后， 不定式的 to 在主动语态里可要省略

30、，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.宾补为分词，如：They heard them singing at the time. f They were heard singing at that time.宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如： She kept me busy all the morning. f I was kept busy all the morning.(4)如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词， 以保持短语动词的完整性， 如： She always take

31、s good care of the children. fThe children are alwaystaken good care of.( 5 )含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the workbefore Friday. fThe work must be finished before Friday. ( 6 ) be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在

32、改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如： The are not going to put off the football match.f The football match isnot going to be put off.练习二、动词时态与语态(2)An exhibition of paintings at the museum next week.A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will holdIm sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It

33、in the factory.A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repairedD. hasnt repairedEvery possible means , but none prove successful.A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 56.that they can pass the written exam this time.A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopesD. It hopes

34、My little sister has broken my watch.- My watch by my little sister.A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been brokenHe was cleaning his room when I entered the house.-His room by him when I entered the room.A. was being cleanedB. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleanedI

35、 shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel reading (by me) by dinner time.A. will have finished .B. will has been finishedC. will have being finishedD. will have been finishedYou ought to keep these three rooms clean.-These three rooms(by you).A. are oughted to keep cleanB. o

36、ught to kept cleanC. ought to be kept cleanD. ought to have been kept cleanYou are about to write a poem, arent you?- A poem(by you),?A. is about to be written, arent you B. is about to be writing,isntitC. is about to be writing, arent you D. is about to be written,isntitShe had better leave a note

37、to him.- A note to him (by her).A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been leftHe doesnt do his homework every day. - His homework by him every day.A. doesnt be doneB. arent done C. dont be done D.isn t doneWe must take care of our parents when they are old. -

38、Our parents when they areold.A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be taken care ofPeople look down upon him because he is a liar. - He because he is a liar.A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down 66. Father will give me a dictionar

39、y on my birthday.-A dictionary me by Father on my birthday.A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to67. We elected her leader.- Sheby us.A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected 68. - People who live along this road receive

40、their mail in these boxes.Why are all of theA. grey painted mailboxesB. mailboxes grey painted D. painted grey mailboxes Hethe room.A. is seen enter B. is seen to enterC. was seen to enterD. wasseenenterThe question asked by him is hardA. to answer B. to be answeredHow sweet the music!A. sounds to b

41、e B. is soundedto be answeringC. is sounded to befor answerD.soundsIn warm weather fruit and meat long.A. dont keep B. cannot be keptHe received a telegramMother Sick.A. writtenB. saidC. readingThe classroom 30 feet long.A. measures B. is measuredC. hasDo you remember?A. how it is doneB. it how to b

42、e doneare not keptD. writingD. has lengthare not keepingC. How is it done byDhowC. mailboxes painted grey 69. I saw him enter the room.to doto have been rich.A. They say B. It is saidC. He is saidD. That was saidMathematics is difficult.A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning 78.

43、 My hair is so long that I must go to a barbers shop and.A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it 79. The pencil well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing I cant see the blackboard very well. - Perhaps you need.A. to examine your eyesB. to have your eyes examine

44、dC. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes- - Where is the coffee table? - Tom just had it away.move B. moving C. moved D. moves 82. Good medicine to the mouth.tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly 83. Which girl won the prize? By which girl is the prize won? B. Which girl was the prize won?By which girl did she win the prize? D. By which girl was the prize won?- Where did you get that handsome picture? - It was by my father