2022年浙江1月学前儿童家庭教育自考试题82925

1、气象 MeteorologyI. 气候 Climate 北极气候 arctic climate 赤道气候 equatorial climate 大旱 serious drought 大气辐射 atmospheric radiation 大气候 macroclimate 大气环流 atmospheric circulation / general circulation of atmosphere 大气湿度 atmospheric moisture 大气污染 atmospheric pollution 大气压 atmospheric pressure 多雨气候 rainy climate 多云

2、cloudy 风季 wind season 副热带冬季干旱气候 sub-tropical dry climate 副热带湿润气候 sub-tropical humid climate 干旱 drought 干燥气候 arid climate / dry climate 高地气候 highland climate高山高原气候 plateau climate高原气候 plateau climate 古气候 paleoclimate 海滨气候 littoral climate海啸 tsunami 海洋性气候 marine climate / maritime climate / ocean clim

3、ate 寒潮 cold wave 寒带 frigid zone 寒流 cold current 旱季 dry season 旱周期 period of drought （黄）梅雨 mould rains / bai-u/ plum rains 极地气候 polar climate 极地冰原气候 polar ice field climate 极地高山气候 polar mountainous climate极地苔原气候 polar moss climate 积温 accumulated temperature / cumulative temperature季风气候 monsoon climat

4、e 酷暑 scorching 冷气团 cold air mass 梅雨季节 plum rain season 闷热 sultry / stuffy 漠境气候 desert climate 泥石流 mud-rock flow 暖流 warm current 气候图 climate map 气候学家 climatologist 晴天 clear 秋老虎 old wives summer / autumnal summer heat 热带风暴 tropical storm 热带气候 tropical climate热带草原气候 tropical grassy climate热带多雨气候 tropic

5、al rainy climate 热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 热带季风气候 tropical monsoon climate热带沙漠气候 tropical desert climate热带雨林气候 tropical rainforest climate热带气旋 tropical cyclone storm / tropical revolving storm 热对流 thermal convection 热辐射 emission of heat / heat radiation / thermal radiation 热浪 heat wave / hot wa

6、ve 人工气候室 psychrometric room / phytotron 人造气候 artificial climate 三伏天 dog days 森林气候 forest climate山地气候 mountain climate闪电 lightning / bolt 生物气候 bioclimate 湿季 wet season 室内小气候 cryptoclimate 湿热天气 sticky weather 湿润气候 humid/ moist climate太阳辐射 solar radiation 苔原气候 damp climate 温带气候 temperate climate温带草原气候

7、temperate grassy climate温带大陆性气候 temperate continental climate温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 温带海洋性气候 temperate marine climate温带季风气候 temperate monsoon climate温带阔叶林气候 temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 温带雨林气候 temperate rainforest climate 西伯利亚寒流 Siberian cold c

8、urrent 相似气候 homoclimate 小气候 microclimate 汛期 flood season / high water season 亚寒带气候 sub-glacial zone climate 亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate 亚热带草原气候 sub-tropical grassy climate亚热带地中海气候 sub-tropical Mediterranean亚热带季风气候 sub-tropical monsoon climate or Etesian climate亚热带沙漠气候 sub-tropical desert climate寒冷 bi

9、tter cold / severe cold / frostiness 沿海气候 coastal climate阴天 overcast / cloudy day 永冻气候 eternal frost climate/ climate of eternal frost 雨林气候 rainforest climate II. 台风 Typhoon尘暴 dust storm 尘卷 dust devil 尘旋 dust whirl 大风警报 gale warning 大风沙 sand storm 大风信号 gale cones / gale signal 风 wind 穿堂风 draught 顶头风

10、 head wind 反信风 reverse trade wind 风向 wind direction 风眼 eye (of a storm)和风 breeze 恒风 constant wind 季风 monsoon 疾风 gusty wind 飓风 hurricane厉风 severe gale 龙卷风 tornado陆风 land wind陆龙卷风 landsprout / tornado 逆风 contrary wind / adverse wind 强台风 violent typhoon 热风 hot wind飒飒风声 sough 沙暴 sandstorm / saltation 沙卷

11、风 desert devil / sand whirl 山风 mountain wind顺风 fair wind / tail wind / favorable wind 顺转风 veering wind 台风 typhoon 微风 breeze向岸风 on-shore wind 信风 trade wind 旋风 whirlwind / cyclone贼风 draught / draft阵风 gust of wind 风暴 wind storm 风害 wind burn 风级 wind force scale 风力 strength of wind / wind force 风力级别（蒲福风级

12、） beaufort / Beaufort Wind Scale 0级 无风 clam 1级 软风 light air 2级 轻风 light breeze 3级 微风 gentle breeze 4级 和风 moderate breeze 5级 清劲风 fresh breeze 6级 强风 strong breeze 7级 疾风 near gale / moderate gale 8级 大风 fresh gale 9级 烈风 strong gale 10级 狂风 storm / whole gale 11级 暴风 violent storm 12级 飓风 hurricane 风速 wind

13、speed / wind velocity 台风警报 typhoon warning III. 云 Cloud 波状云 wave cloud / billow cloud层积云 stratocumulus (Sc)层云 stratus (St)成层云 stratiformis 淡云 humilis 多云 cloudy 复云 duplicatus 高层云 altostratus (As)高积云 altocumulus (Ac)高云 high cloud / high-level cloud 虹 rainbow 积层云 cumuloutratus 积雨云 cumulonimbus (Cb)积云 c

14、umulus (Cu)卷层云 cirrostratus (Cs)卷叠积云 cumulocirrus 卷积云 cirrocumulus (Cc)卷毛云 fleecy cloud 卷云 cirrus (Ci)雷电云 thunder cloud 密（厚）云 spissatus 蘑菇云 mushroom cloud 浓云 congestus 暖云 warm cloud 少云 partly cloudy 碎云 fractus 无云 cloudless 雨层云 nimbostratus 雨云 nimbus / rain cloud 云层 cloud layer 云端 high in the clouds

15、云朵 cloud formation / small cloud 云高 height of cloud 云海 a sea of clounds 云块 cloud mass 云类 cloud variety 云量 amount of clouds / cloud amount / cloud cover 云幔 veil 云帽 cap 云幕高度 ceiling 云片 cloud sheet 云图 cloud atlas / cloud chart / cloud picture 云团 cloud cluster 云系 cloud system / nephsystem 云向 cloud direc

16、tion 云霄 the skies 云型 cloud pattern / cloud type 云烟 cloud and mist 云种 species of cloud 云属 genus of cloud 云状 cloud form 中云 mediocris 中（层）云 medium cloud / middle cloud IV. 雨 Rain 暴风雨 storm / tempest 暴雨 rain gush / cloudburst 暴雨径流 rainfall runoff 尘雨 dust rain 大暴雨 torrential rain / downpour 大雨 heavy rain

17、 地形雨 geographic rain 冻雨 freezing rain / frozen rain / glaze / glazed frost 黑雨 black rain 黄雨 sulphur rain 季风雨 monsoon rain 间隔雨 intermittent rain 降水量 amount of precipitation / precipitation 降雨 rainfall 降雨分布 rainfall distribution 降雨频率 rainfall frequency 降雨强度 rainfall intensity 降雨状况 rainfall regime 雷雨 t

18、hunderstorm 冷锋雨 cold front rain 毛毛雨 drizzle 梅雨 mouldy rain / plum rain 绵雨 continuous rain 暖锋雨 warm front rain 滂沱大雨 downpour 倾盆大雨 heavy downpour / torrential rain 晴空雨 serein 人工降雨 artificial rainfall / rain-making 人造雨 artifial rain / rain making 水龙卷；海龙卷 water sprout 水汽 (water) vapo(u)r / aqueous vapo(

19、u)r 水蒸气 water vapo(u)r / steam 酸雨 acid rain 细雨 drizzle 小雨 drizzle / light rain血雨 blood rain 霪雨 excessive rain 鱼鳞天 mackerel sky 雨暴 rain storm 雨冰 rain ice 雨层云 nimbostratus (Ns)雨带 rain-band 雨点 raindrop 雨季 rainy season 雨林 rainforest 雨期 rainy season / rain spell 雨水 rainwater / rainfall / rain 雨丝 very lig

20、ht rain 雨凇；冻雨 glaze / glazed frost / frozen rain 雨云 nimbus (Nb)阵雨 showery rain / shower 中雨 moderate rain 骤雨 passing heavy shower V. 冰，雪，雾等 Ice, Snow and Frost etc. 雹 hail 雹暴 hailstorm 雹块 hailstone 雹石 hailstone 雹灾 hail damage 暴风雪 tempest / blizzard wind / snowstorm 冰雹 hail / hailstone 冰点 freezing poi

21、nt / ice point冰冻 freeze 冰河 glacier 冰块 pack / pack ice 冰裂 icequake 冰凌 sleet and ice 冰瀑 ice cascade 冰山 iceberg 冰天雪地 a world of ice and snow 冰灾 ice damage 冰柱 icicle 薄冰 thin ice 薄雾；霾 haze 彩霞 rosy clouds 朝露 morning dew 朝霞 morning glow / rosy clouds of dawn / rosy dawn 初霜 first frost 大雹 heavy hail 大风雪 bli

22、zzard / driving snow 低雾 ground fog 冻害 freeze injury 冻雾 freezing fog 浮冰 floe ice 高雾 high fog 谷雾 valley fog 黑霜 early frost hidden 虹 rainbow 虹彩 iridescence 积冰 ice accretion / ice deposit / icing积雪 accumulated snow / snow cover / snow deposit / perpetual snow 假雾 mock fog 降雹 hail / hail shooting降雹区 hail

23、fallout zone 结冰 ice up 开冻 melt 雷 thunder 雷暴 lightning storm / thunderstorm 雷暴区 thunderstorm belt 雷暴雨 thunderstorm rain 雷电 thunder and lightning 雷击 bolt / thunderstrike / thunder-struck 雷鸣 thunder / thunderclap 雷霆 thunderbolt 雷雨 thunder storm 雷雨天 thundery weather 雷阵雨 thunder shower 露 dew 露点 dew-point

24、 露水 dew drop 迷雾 dense fog 米雪；雪粒 snow grains 浓雾 dense fog 霹雷；霹雳 thunder clap / thunder crack / thunderbolt 平流雾 advective fog 轻霜 light frost 轻雾 light fog 融点 melting point 融雪 thawy snow 软雪 ripe snow 瑞雪 timely snow / auspicious snow 沙雪 sand snow 山雾 hill fog / mountain fog 闪电 lightning 湿雪 water snow / we

25、t snow 霜 frost 霜冻 frost 霜度 degree of frost 霜害 frostbite / frost injury 霜花 frostwork 霜季 frost season 霜期 frost period / frost season 霜日 frost day 晚霞 evening glow / setting sun / the glow of sunset / sunset clouds 晚霞；落照 afterglow 无霜期 frost-free period / frost-free season/ frostless season 五色晕 pleochroi

26、c halo 雾 fog 雾霭 mist 雾滴 fog-drop 雾气 fog / mist / vapour 雾凇 rime 雾雨 fog rain 霞 rosy clouds / sunglow 下露 dew-fall 霰；雨夹雪；冻雨 sleet 小冰山 bergy bit 雪 snow 雪暴 snowstorm / blizzard 雪崩 snow slide / (snow) avalanche 雪堆 snow-drift 雪花 snow drop / snowflake 雪量 snowfall 雪片；雪花flake / snowflake 雪球 snowball 雪人 snowma

27、n 雪灾 snow injury 烟雾 smoke fog / smog 阴霾 haze 永久积雪 firm snow 永久雪线 permanent snowline 雨（夹）雪；霰 sleet 雨夹雪 rain and snow 云雾 cloud and mist / mist 晕 halo 晕轮 aureole 阵雪 snow shower 终霜 last frost 重霜 heavy frost 重雾 heavy fog VI. 气温，湿度 Temperature & Humidity 原则温度 standard temperature 高温 high temperature 过冷 ov

28、ercooling 寒潮 cold air outbreak / cold wave 寒流 cold current 绝对温度 absolute temperature 空气湿度 air humidity 零度 zero / zero cold front 零度如下 subzero 气温 air temperature 热浪 heat wave 湿度 humidity 室内温度 indoor temperature 室外温度 outdoor temperature 相对温度 relative temperature 寒冷 chill / killing freeze / severe cold

29、 炎热 parching heat / scorching heat 最低温度 minimum temperature 最高温度 maximum temperature VII. 海洋气象 Ocean Weather 波长 wavelength 波高 wave height 波级 state of wave 波浪 wave 潮差 tidal range 潮流 tidal current 潮水 tide 潮位 tidal level 潮汐 tide 潮汐表 tide table 潮汐预报 tide prediction 潮汛 spring tide 赤道海流 equatorial current

30、 春潮 spring tide 大潮 spring tide 风海流 wind current 风浪级别 seas disturbance scale 0级 安静 calm (glassy) 1级 微波 calm (rippled) 2级 微浪 smooth (wavelets) 3级 细浪 light seas 4级 小浪 moderate seas 5级 中浪 rough seas 6级 大浪 very rough seas 7级 强浪 high seas 8级 巨浪 very high seas 9级 狂浪 monster waves / extremely high seas 海岸洋流

31、 littoral current 海冰 sea ice 海潮 ocean tide 海风 sea wind 海浪 sea wave 海流 ocean current 海雾 sea fog 海啸 tsunami / tidal wave 海洋风 ocean wind 海洋观测 marine observation 海洋观测站 ocean station 海洋气象站 ocean weather station 海洋学 oceanography 海震 seaquake 寒流 cold current 黑潮（太平洋西岸海流） Japan current 浪花 spray 浪涛 swell 满潮 hi

32、gh tide 怒涛 surge 暖浪 warm wave 暖流 warm current 澎湃 billow 平潮 slack water 钱塘潮 Qiantang tidal bore 太平洋高压 Pacific high 停潮 low water tide 退潮 ebb tide 湾流（墨西哥暖流） Gulf stream 晚潮 evening tide 午潮 midday tide 小潮 neap tide 漩涡 ripple / whirlpool 沿岸流 coastal current 洋流 ocean cureent 涌潮 eager 早潮 morning tide 涨潮 flo

33、od tide 子潮 midnight tide 子午潮 spring tide 最低潮 neap tide VIII. 季节 Season春季 spring 早春 early spring 孟春 the first month of spring 仲春 the second month of spring / the middle of spring 暮春 late spring 冬季 winter初冬 early winter 孟冬 the first month of winter 仲冬 the second month of winter / midwinter 隆冬 midwinte

34、r / the depth of winter 严冬 severe winter 寒冬 cold winter 残冬 the last days of winter 秋季 autumn / fall 早秋 early autumn 孟秋 the first month of autumn 仲秋 the second month of autumn / mid-autumn 深秋 late autumn 寒秋 severe autumn 四季 the four seasons 夏季 summer 初夏 early summer 孟夏 the first month of summer 仲夏 th

35、e second month of summer / midsummer 盛夏 the height of summer 炎夏 hot summer IX. 二十四节气The 24 Solar Terms白露 White Dew (15th solar term)处暑 the Limit of Heat / Heat Stoppage / Stopping the heat (14th solar term)春分 the Spring Equinox / Vernal Equinox (4th solar term)大寒 Great Cold (24th solar term)大暑 Great

36、 Heat (12th solar term)大雪 Great Snow / Heavy Snow (21st solar term)冬至 Winter Solstice (22nd solar term)谷雨 Grain Rain (6th solar term)寒露 Cold Dew (17th solar term)惊蛰 the Waking of Insects / Insects awaken (3rd solar term)立春 the Beginning of Spring / Spring begins (1st solar term)立冬 the Beginning of W

37、inter / Winter begins (19th solar term)立秋 the Beginning of Autumn / Autumn begins (13th solar term)立夏 the Beginning of Summer / Summer begins (7th solar term)芒种 Grain in Ear (9th solar term)清明 Pure Brightness / Clear and bright (5th solar term)秋分 Autumn Equinox (16th solar term)霜降 Frost Descending /

38、 Hoar-frost falls (18th solar term)夏至 Summer Solstice (10th solar term)小寒 Slight Cold (23rd solar term)小满 Grain Full / Grain buds (8th solar term)小暑 Slight Heat (11th solar term)小雪 Slight Snow (20th solar term)雨水 Rain Water / The rains (2nd solar term)X. 气象仪器 Meteorograph 百叶箱 screen 避雷器 lightning ar

39、rester 避雷针 lightning rod 原则大气表 table of standard atmosphere测风气球 pilot balloon测云器 nephometer 地温表 earth thermometer / geothermometer调湿器 humidifier 风球 typhoon signal 风速表 anemograph 风速计 wind gauge / anemograph 风向标 weather cock / weather vane / wind vane 风向袋 wind sock / wind sleeve 风向风速仪 aerovane 风向杆；风矢

40、wind shaft / wind arrow 风向仪 anemoscope 干球温度表 dry-bulb thermometer 干湿表 psychrometer 挂风球 hoisted typhoon signal 寒暑表 thermometer 毫巴气压表 millibar barometer 华氏温标 Fahrenheit temperature scale 近似绝对温标 approximate absolute temperature scale 经纬仪 theodolite 绝对温标；开氏温标 absolute temperature scale / Kelvin temperat

41、ure scale 兰金温标 Rankine temperature scale 雷电仪 ceraunograph 雷雨表 brontometer 累积雨量器 accumulative raingauge 流明计；照度计 lumenmeter 毛发湿度计 hair hygrograph 气球气象仪 aerostat meteorograph 气象卫星 meteorological satellite 气压表 barometer 气压槽 pressure trough 气压计 barograph 晴雨表; 晴雨计barometer / weather glass 日射总量表 solarimete

42、r 日射总量计 solarigraph 日温计 pyrheliometer 日照计 sunshine recorder 摄氏温标 Celsius thermometric scale / centigrade temperature scale 摄氏温度计 Celsius thermometer 湿度表 hygrometer / humidometer 湿度计 hygrometer 数字资料解决机 digital data processor(DDP)水银温度表 mercury thermometer 太阳仪 heliometer 探测气球 balloons-sondes 探空气象仪 soun

43、ding meteorograph 天气监视雷达 weather surveillance radar 同步气象卫星 synchronous meteorological satellite (SMS)温度表 thermometer 温度计 thermograph 温湿计 thermohygrograph / hygrothermograph 雨量杯 raingauge glass 雨量表 pluviometer / hyetometer 雨量计 udometer gauge / rain gauge / pluviograph / hyetograph 雨量器 pluviometer / p

44、luvioscope / rain gauge 照度计（勒克斯计）luxmeter 蒸刊登 atmidometer / atmometer 蒸发计 evaporograph 蒸发皿 evaporation pan 蒸发器 evaporation gauge / evaporator 总日射表 pyranometer / solarimeter 总日射计 pyranograph / solarigraph XI. 气象分析 Meteorological Analysis 饱和水汽 saturated vapo(u)r 北半球 the Northern Hemisphere 北寒带 the nor

45、th frigid zone 北回归线 the Tropic of Cancer 北极 the North Pole / the Arctic Pole 北极海流 Arctic Current 北极气团 Arctic air mass 北极圈 the Artic Circle 北极天气站 arctic weather station 北纬 north latitude 北温带 the north temperate zone 背风面 leeward side / lee side 背风坡 leeward slope 本地天气 local weather 长期预报 long-range fore

46、cast 都市热岛 urban heat island 赤道洋流 equatorial current 臭氧层 ozone layer / ozonosphere 传真图 facsimile chart 春寒 cold spell in spring 大风警报 gale warning 大风信号 gale cone signal / gale signal 等冬温线 isochimene / isocheim 等高线 contour line / isohypse 等温层 isothermal layer 等温线 isothermal line / isothermohyps; thermo-

47、isopleth 等雪线 isochion 等压线 isobaric line / isobarometric line 等雨量线 isopluvial / isohyet 低气压 barometric low / depression 低压槽 trough 地面辐射 terrestrial surface radiation 地面温度 surface temperature 地面温度表 surface thermometer 地球辐射 terrestrial radiation 地震 earthquake / seism 地震海啸 seismic sea wave 地震灾区 earthqua

48、ke-stricken area 电离层 ionosphere / ionospheric layer 东风带 easterlies 短期预报 short-range forecast 对流 convection / convective current 对流层 troposphere / convective zone 多普勒气象雷达站 Doppler meteorological radar station 厄尔尼诺现象 El Nino phenomenon 反气旋 anticyclone 防冻 anti-freezing 防冰 anti-icing飞机观测 airplane observ

49、ation 风变向 wind shift 锋面降雨 frontal rainfall 锋面雾 frontal fog 辐射强度 radiation intensity 干旱 drought / dry damage 干热风 dry hot wind 干湿球温差 psychrometer difference 干燥 dryness / aridity 高层大气 upper atmosphere 高空气象图 upper-air chart 高气压 barometric high 高山观测台 high altitude observatory 高速传真 high speed facsimile (H

50、SFAX)光合伙用 photosynthesis 光黑时间相对长度 relative length of the light and dark periods 光能 luminous energy / light energy光通量（单位：流明） luminous flux / light flow 光照量（勒/秒） quantity of illumination 光照强度；照度 intensity of illumination / light intensity 光周/照期 photoperiod 光周期现象 photoperiodicity / photoperiodism 光周期效应

51、 photoperiodic effect 国际原则大气 international standard atmosphere (I.S.A.)国际日期变更线 International Date Line (IDL)海拔 above sea level 海拔高度 sea level elevation / altitude above sea level 海市蜃楼 mirage 海洋观测 marine observation 海洋天气站 ocean weather station (OWS)毫巴（气压单位） millibar (mb)洪水 flood / inundation 华氏 Fahre

52、nheit 环境温度 ambient temperature 积雪深度 depth of snow 积雪线 snow cover line 飓风警报 hurricane warning 绝对干旱 absolute drought 绝对零度 absolute zero 绝对湿度 absolute humidity 绝对最低致死温度 absolute minimum fatal temperature 绝对最高致死温度 absolute maximum fatal temperature （克）卡（热量单位）gram-calorie (gmcal)拉尼娜现象 La Nina phenomenon

53、勒（克斯）（光照度单位） lux (pl. luxes; luces)雷达气象观测 radar meteorological observation 雷达探空 radar sounding 冷锋 cold front 冷气团 cold air mass 临界温度 critical temperature 流明（光通量单位） lumen (pl. lumenna; lumenns)龙卷途径 tornado track 漫射光照 diffuse illumination 密度 density 南回归线 the Tropic of Capricon 南极 the South Pole / the A

54、ntarctic Pole 南极圈 the Antarctic Circle 能见度 visibility 平均温度年较差 mean annual range of temperature 气候带 climatic belt / climatic zones 气候近年平均值 climatological normals (CLINO)气候图 climatic chart / climatic map / climatological chart 气候图表 climagraph / climatic diagram / climatological diagram 气候循环 climatic c

55、ycles 气候资料 climatological data 气流 air current / air flow / air stream 气球探测 balloon sounding 气团 air mass 气温 air temperature 气象部门 meteorological department 气象测量 meteorological survey 气象观测 meteorological observation 气象广播 meteorological broadcast 气象雷达网站 meteorological radar network station 气象年鉴 meteorol

56、ogical yearbook 气象哨 weather post 气象台 meteorological observatory 气象台网站 meteorological network 气象学 meteorology 气象学家 meteorologist 气象要素 meteorological element 气象员 weatherman 气象站 weather station / climatological station气旋 cyclone 气旋生成 cyclogenesis 气压 barometric pressure 低气压 low pressure 高气压 high pressur

57、e 绝对气压 absolute pressure强风信号 strong wind signal 晴 fair / clear 轻冻 light freeze 全日照 full sun 全天候 all-weather 热带风暴 tropical storm 热带气旋 tropical cyclone / revolving storm 热对流 thermal convection 热辐射 emission of heat / heat radiation / thermal radiation热浪 heat wave / hot wave 日平均温度 daily mean temperature 日照长度 duration of sunshine 日照时间 sunshine time 日最低温度 daily minimum temperature 日最高温度 daily maximum temperatu