水库淤积形成及其影响和应对措施

1、水库淤积形成及其影响和应对措施Reservoir formation and its influenceand Countermeasures在天然河流上建筑水库后，将会给该区域一系列的影响。库区水 位的举高，使过水断面扩展，水力坡降变缓，水流速度减小。这些将 致使水流挟沙才能的降低，然后改动原河道的泥沙运动规则，致使很 多泥沙在库区逐步沉积淤积。也就是说，建筑水库成为河流泥沙淤积 的主要原因。In the natural river after building reservoir, will give the area a series of. Reservoir water level

2、up, make the cross section, hydraulic gradient is slow, flow velocity decreases. These will lead to reduced flow, sediment movement rules and then change the original river, causing a lot of sediment deposition in the reservoir sedimentation gradually. That is to say, building reservoir become the m

3、ain cause of river sediment.在我国华北的黄河和海河水系，水流含沙量很大，库区的淤积也 就相对较高。例如黄河三门峡水库，多年均匀含沙量达37.8kg/m?， 在1960-1970年，水库总淤积泥沙达55.5亿t，使库区的库容丢失 高达43%。In North China s the Yellow River and Haihe River, sediment concentration, reservoir sedimentation is relatively high. For example, the Yellow River Sanmenxia reservo

4、ir, years of uniform sediment concentration up to 37.8 kg/m?, in 1960-1970, total reservoir silting mud Sardar 5550000000 T, the reservoir capacity loss of up to 43%.水库泥沙淤积的对水库运用和上下流河流发生的不良影响是多 方面的。淤积使水库的调理库容削减，降低水库的调理才能以及综合 利用效益。坝前淤积，很多泥沙随水流进入库区，就会加大对过水建 筑物和水轮机的磨损，降低设备安全和建筑物的使用寿命。并且，当 河流的淤积向水库推动时，也

5、会向上游延伸，即所谓的“骄傲自满” 表象。这会添加库区的吞没面积，不只带来很多丢失，甚至有能够形 成社会动摇。此外，水库向下流泄放清水，使得下流的水流挟沙力增 大，然后致使下流河段的冲刷，导致水位降低，河道变形。The reservoir sedimentation of the reservoir and downstream river adverse influence in many aspects. The reservoir sedimentation conditioning capacity cuts, reduce reservoir conditioning ability

6、 and comprehensive utilization benefit. Sedimentation in front of the dam, a lot of silt into the reservoir with the water, will increase the wear of water turbine building and the service life of equipment, reduce the security and the building. And, when the reservoir sedimentation River to promote

7、, will be extended to the upstream, the so-called be big with pride representation.This will add the reservoir area not only engulfed, bring a lot of loss, even to form social stability. In addition, the downward flow of water, making obscene sediment-carrying capacity increases, then the dirty rive

8、r erosion, lowering the water level, river deformation.根据黄耀华，黄煜龄对天然河道长河段一维非安稳流的数模研讨 可知，泥沙运动的规则类似于水体，不只遵守接连条件，并且也遵守 运动方程的需求.三峡大学彭辉教授联系他们的主意，并根据非均匀 质不平衡输沙原理树立水库泥沙淤积的一维数学模型，核算中，按全 沙形式和区分时段、河段，逐时段、逐河段进行。According to Huang Yaohua, the number of die research Huang Yuling on natural long reaches of rivers,

9、 the one dimensional non steady flow, sediment movement rules are similar to water, not only to comply with the successive conditions, and also comply with the equations of motion. Professor Peng Hui of China Three Gorges University to contact their idea, and according to the heterogeneity of non-eq

10、uilibrium sediment transport theory to establish a one-dimensional mathematical model, sediment reservoir siltation calculation, according to the whole sand forms and between sessions, river, river, a time.一维水流泥沙冲淤方程组应满意以下方程式中，H为水位；Q为 流量;，r为水能坡降；口为流速；A为过水面积；g为重力加速度；S为水中含沙量；Y为泥沙干重度；a为冲淤面积；K为系数；a为 系数；

11、m为指数；B为河宽；t为时刻；S*为水流挟沙力；3为泥沙 静水沉速；P为悬沙级配；CL为核算河段总长；X为断面等距离，一 般来说 L=CL/X=8。Flow and sediment siltation should be satisfied with the one-dimensional equations following equation, H level; Q, R flow; water gradient; export velocity; A water area; g for the acceleration of gravity; S of sediment concent

12、ration in water; gamma for sediment dry density; a for scouring and silting area; K coefficient;a coefficient; m index; B for river width; t moment; S* sediment-carrying capacity; W is the sediment settling velocity of suspended sediment grading; P; CL X as chief accounting section; section distance

13、, generally L=CL/X=8.将上述方程进行理想化处置，做出如下假定：将整个时段区分红 若干小时段，假定每个时段除冲淤面积外其他要素均不改动；将河段 区分红若干小河段，假定每个小河段内流量不变；疏忽项的影响，不 思考流速改变，假定淤积泥沙在水库中均匀平铺。则经过上述方程即 可求得水库的淤积量与时刻的函数联系。因而，当求得的水库淤积量 抵达或许挨近水库的死库容时，就要进行采纳清淤办法。The above equations are ideal disposal, make the following assumptions: the time zone into several small time, assuming that each time except the scouring and silting area outside the other factors are not changed; the river area into several small sections, each section of river flow rate unchanged; negligence of items, do not think about the flow rate changes, if sediment even in the reservoir