英语演讲选修课chapter2topic教材课件

1、Chapter 2Selecting a topic and purpose第1页，共30页。Todays schedule Choosing a topicDetermining the purpose Tips for formulating the specific purposePhrasing the central idea第2页，共30页。Selecting a topicSpeeches outside the classroom the occasion, the audience, the speakers qualificationsSpeeches in the pub

2、lic speaking class no designated topic第3页，共30页。第4页，共30页。What is a suitable speech topic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimited in scope第5页，共30页。Suitable topicWorthwhile significant implications for the audienceAppropriate know a lot, like to learn moreLimited in scope dividing the topic into several significa

3、nt parts. 第6页，共30页。Determining your purpose第7页，共30页。General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标To inform: convey information enhance the knowledge and understandingTo persuade: advocate or partisan Change or structure the attitudes or actionsDifference: explain or exhort Specific purpose 具体目标 to inform my

4、audience about to persuade my audience to Explain exhort第8页，共30页。Specific PurposeSpecific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句Topic: EmergenciesGeneral purpose: To informSpecific purpose: To inform my audience of

5、the major steps in responding to an emergency 第9页，共30页。Tips for formulating the specific purpose statementTip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段） CalendarsTo inform my audience about the three major kinds of calendars used in the world today.第10页，

6、共30页。历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。 第11页，共30页。Tip 2Express your purpose as a statement, not as a quest

7、ion 陈述句 Ineffective:Is Chinas space program necessary? 第12页，共30页。More effective: To persuade my audience that Chinas space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth. 第13页，共30页。Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言To inform my audience that yoga is extremely cool. To inform my au

8、dience how yoga can improve their health. 第14页，共30页。Tip 4 Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea, or one main point Ineffective: To inform my audience about the developments of AIDS and the recent testing procedures for HIV infection. More effective: To persuade my audience about the deve

9、lopments of AIDS. To inform my audience about the recent testing procedures for HIV infection.第15页，共30页。Tip 5 Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general第16页，共30页。ExampleIneffective: To persuade my audience that something must be done about medical care.More Effective:To persuade my

10、audience that the government should adopt a system of national health insurance for all people in China.第17页，共30页。Questions to ask about your specific purposeDoes my purpose meet the assignment?Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted?Is the purpose relevant to my audience?Is the purpose too

11、 trivial for my audience?Is the purpose too technical for my audience?第18页，共30页。Phrasing the central idea (Also called thesis statement, subject sentence, major thought )What is the central idea?Guidelines for the central idea第19页，共30页。What is the central idea?A one-sentence statement that sums up t

12、he major ideas of a speech. It is what you want the audience to absorb from your speech. In persuasive speeches arguable, debatable, take your stanceIn informative speeches relatively neutral and objective第20页，共30页。The specific purpose of a speech is what you hope to accomplish.The central idea is a

13、 concise statement of what you expect to say.第21页，共30页。Example OneTopic: EmergenciesGeneral purpose: To informSpecific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency.Central idea: The major steps in responding to an emergency are surveying the scene, contacting an em

14、ergency medical service, and starting CPR if needed.第22页，共30页。Example TwoTopic: Alternative-fuel vehiclesGeneral purpose: To persuadeSpecific purpose: To persuade my audience that the government should speed up efforts to develop alternative-fuel vehicles.Central idea: Developing alternative-fuel ve

15、hicles will help reduce Chinas dependence on foreign oil and will help reduce air pollution.第23页，共30页。Guidelines for the central ideaThe central idea 1. Should be expressed in a full sentence2.should not be in the form of a question.3. should avoid figurative language4. should not be vague or overly

16、 general第24页，共30页。第25页，共30页。Exercises: the central ideaIneffective: Problems of fad dietsIneffective: Maldives is an awesome place for a vacation.第26页，共30页。More effective onesAlthough fad diets produce quick weight loss, they can lead to serious problems by creating deficiencies in vitamins and mine

17、rals and by breaking down muscle tissue as well as fat.Maldives has many attractions for vocations, including a warm climate, excellent food, and many historical sites第27页，共30页。SummarySelecting a topicDetermining your general purposeDetermining your specific purposePhrasing your central idea第28页，共30页。Four brainstorming proceduresMake a quick inventory of your hobbies, interests, skills, experiences, beliefs, and so forth.Use the technique of clustering