初高中英语衔接教学

1、初高中英语区别及学习方法指导牛津高中英语的特点是：（1）Welcome to the unit引出话题。Reading版块。该版块是你接受英语语言信息的重要环节，在这里，你将有机会感受真实、地道、优美的英语。你也将通过阅读了解现实生活和社会发展的方方面面。 Reading strategy和完成阅读练习，能掌握英语阅读策略，提高英语阅读能力。在英语学习中，你所面临的挑战之一是扩大词汇量，版块Word power能为你迎接这一挑战提供有效的帮助。在该版块中，你将学会根据话题扩充词汇以及其他多种词汇学习技巧。语法学习，贵在运用，在 Grammar and usage版块中，你既可得到系统的语法辅导

2、，又能在该版块精心设计的语境中学会灵活运用语法知识。Task版块要求你能综合运用所学习的语言知识和语言技能，完成特定的任务。 Project是课堂教学的延伸和拓展，属于探究式学习。（2）在词汇上的区别：高中教材中的词汇成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇。对于高中英语词汇的学习，其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。（3）在所学语法上的区别： 在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句、非谓语动词、名词性从句、倒装结构、虚拟

3、语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多。（4）在课堂要求上的区别：a. 高中英语每次上课前要预习，课后认真复习。上课时要做到心到、口到、手到、眼到，出勤必出力，积极参与。b. 要求同学们准备好一本三线格（用于早读检测后订正错误的单词词组），一本笔记本（用于记录课上或练习中出现的陌生的词组，英语的学习是一个积累的过程，要不时地及时翻阅），一本错题集。c. 早读必须大声朗读，每次早读必有检测。d. 高中阶段70%基础在高一，所以本学期会有单词拼写比赛，朗读比赛等，要踊跃参加，争取好成绩。e. 作业无比独立完成。 （5）在考试题型上

4、的区别： 初中考试的题型听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、词汇运用、完成句子、书面表达。 高中考试的题型听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、书面表达。 各个题型又有不同的解题方法。高中的更侧重于能力，力求对知识的运用。初高中英语衔接教学一、国际音标英语国际音标（48个）元音（20个）（特点：发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍）/i:/， /，/e/，/:/， /，/:/， /u:/ ，/，/:/，/e/ ，/a/，/，/a/，/，/e/，/辅音（28个）（特点：发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍）/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/k/，/g/，/f/，/v/s/，/z/，/，/，/，/t/，

5、/ d /tr/，/dr/，/ts/，/dz/m/，/n/，/，/h/l /，/r/，/ w/，/j/二、英语语音基础知识1关于语音的几个概念 1) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 2) 元音：发音响亮；口腔中气流不受阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。 3) 辅音：发音不响亮；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。 4) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+不发音的e name bike; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi （ 在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音）5) 闭音节

6、：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b) 元音+辅音it （ 在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音）6) 重读闭音节：（1）必须是重读音节； （2）. 最后只有一个辅音字母； （3）. 元音字母发短元音。 改变时态时，重读闭音节需要双写. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin改成双写的) . forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节，双写). prohibit-prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写） 2. 元音： 1) i: sea, he, see, piece,

7、 ceiling 2) i sit, build, miss, myth 3) e bed, desk, head 4) bad, land, bank, stamp 5) a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) hot, want 7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8) look, put, women, could 9) u: goose, who, blue, soup10) cup, come, blood, rough 11) : girl,

8、work, serve, nurse 12) ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13) e cake, they, play, eight, great, 14) a bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15) boy, oil 16) phone, cold, boat, soul, grow17) a house, town18) dear, idea, deer, here, fierce 19) e pear, care, there, fair 2

9、0) tour, poor3. 容易混淆的元音 1) e bed bad; men man; pen pan; lend land 2) i: e read rail; greet, great; mean, main 3) e a bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4) a : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) a found fund 4. 辅音 1) p pen 2) b bed 3) t tell 4) d day, pl

10、ayed, wanted 5) k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept 6) g big, go, guess, language 7) f five, cough, laugh 8) v voice, of9) s sit, miss, science, case, scarf 10) z zoo, close, 11) think, 12) this, bathe 13) sure, she, social, nation 14) pleasure, 15) t child, teach, catch 16) d joke, bridge,17)

11、tr tree 18) dr dream19) ts boats 20) dz goods21) m man 22) n nine, knife 23) bank, uncle, English, sing,24) h hot, who 25) l land, world 26) r read, write27) w wall, what 28) j yes 5. 容易混淆的辅音 1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) z clo

12、sing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathe 4) n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 6. 特殊读音 1) 音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2) 失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job 3) 音的同化：Would you like to go to the cinema? Cant you see it?4）音的浊化：expression, school, ex

13、treme绕口令：1. There are thirty-three trees there. 2. She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells.7. 重音 A）单音节本身就是重读的，所以不需要写重读符号。B) 双音节词 a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans

14、- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。 about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c) 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。 record, record; insult, insult; co

15、nduct, conduct; present present; content, content C) 多音节词 a) 一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity, democracy. b) 词尾有-ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。 editorial, historian, periodic, mathematics, experience,sufficient, id

16、entify, translation, religious, curiosity, protective 三、词类（一）英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。词类英语名称（简称）意义例词 名词Noun (n.)表示人、事物时间、地点或抽象概念的名称room动词 Verb (v. ) vt.及物vi. 不及物表示动作、状态或性质 stand be形容词Adjective(adj.) 表示人或事物的属性或特征good interesting 代词Pronoun（pron. ) 代替名词、数词以避免重复them

17、 everything数词 Numeral (num.) 表示数量或顺序 nine first冠词Article (art.)用于名词之前，帮助说明名词的含义a an the 副词Adverb （adv. ) 修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，表示行为特征或性状特征almost bravely介词 Preposition ( prep. ) 用于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词与其它词之间的关系 near from连词Conjunction (conj. ) 连接单词、短语、从句或句子and but 感叹词Interjection（ interj. ) 表示说话时的语气或感情hello oh在上

18、述的十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分.四、句子成分和结构：(一)、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（Subject）、谓语（Predicate）、表语（Predicative）、宾语（Object）、定语（Attribute）、同位语（Appositive）和状语(Adverbial)。英语句子成分中作主语就用主格“”,作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”。这些形

19、态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。英语成分的顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，动名词，不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。Walking after a meal is a very good habit. 饭后散步是很好的习惯。What parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 练习：指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his stud

20、ents is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2、谓语We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。Thousands of trees are planted every year.I can speak a little English.

21、我可以说一点英语。You ought to do something.3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。Money isnt everything.High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work.We soon became best friends.The map is on the wall.。My wish is to become an artist. My job is teaching English.My

22、question is how you knew him.练习：挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。We like English. Remember to te

23、ll him to come.Please stop making noise.Do you understand what I mean?有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。=He gave some ink to me.Dad bought me a computer.=Dad bought a computer for me.练习：挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world sp

24、eak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will f

25、ind the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave a

26、ny message for me? 5、宾补是用来补充说明宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词及不定式等。We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。He spent last night with the light on. 昨天晚上他开着灯睡了。When he arrived, he found all the people gone. 他到的时候发现所有人都走了。含有宾补的句子在变为被动句时，宾语补足语便成了主语补足语。He was elected monitor. The gorl was thought rather cleve

27、r. 这个女孩被认为相当聪明。练习：挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground

28、 just now?6、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。He is a new student. 他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。Look at the pictures below. 看下面的图.I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. 我可以免

29、费给国内的家人和朋友发电子邮件了。The problem solved yesterday was very important.He lost his new pen that was bought last week. 练习：挑出下列句中的定语 What is your given name?I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man down

30、stairs was trying to sleep. This is the best film that I have ever seen.7、 同位语对句子中某一种成分做进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语通常置于被说明的词之后。可以做同位语的有名词、代词、数词和同位语从句等。Beijing, our capital, is a beautiful city. 我们的首都北京是一个美丽的城市。They each like English. 他们每个人都喜欢英语。Are you three ready to start out? 你们三人都准备好出发

31、了吗？He made a promise that he would come to visit me next summer.Word came that the king died. 国王去世的消息传来了。8、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. 我可以免费给国内的家人

32、和朋友发电子邮件了。He sat there, reading a magazine.They stopped to have a good look at the scenery.Although he is young, he knows a lot.练习：挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelin

33、g too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. （二）、基本句型及句子结构：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结

34、构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：（主谓）基本句型二：（主谓表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）My English improved a lot.Cooking is really fun.I enjoyed all my subjects.All my teachers gave me much encouragement.Your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed.练习：判断下列是哪种句型(句型_) 1. Thepen writ

35、essmoothly.(句型_) 2. Thesun wasshining. (句型_) 3. Thetrouble isthattheyareshortofmoney. (句型_) 4. This setthemthinking.(句型_) 5. Everythin looksdifferent.(句型_)6. Ishowedhimmypictures.(句型_)7. Whocares?(句型_)8. Theyatewhatwasleftover(句型_)9. HesaidGoodmorning. (句型_)10. Whatmakeshimthinkso?(句型_)11. Thedinnersmellsgood.(句型_)12. Igavemycarawash.(句型_)13. Hebroughtyouadictionary.(句型_)14. Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.(句型_)15. Theuniverseremains(句型_)16. Who knowstheanswer?(句型_)17. Heenjoysreading.(句型_)18. Theyfoundthehousedeserted. (句型_)19. Itold himthattheb