纵览中国文化ChineseCulture课件

1、Explore theChinese CultureOverviewChina, an ancient, mysterious and beautiful land , is proud of her 1.3 billion people, five thousand years history, resplendent culture and distinctive customs. Chinese four great inventions (paper, gunpowder, printing and the compass) are her greatest gifts to the

2、world.Chinese arts and crafts, including painting, calligraphy, operas, embroidery and silk are distinctive and unique. Chinese Martial arts, which have only recently begun to enjoy popularity across the world, have been part of Chinese culture for centuries, Chinese cuisine has been exported to eve

3、ry corner of the globe.Traditional Chinese Culture信息平台业务流程设计原则Traditional FestivalChinese Folk ArtsChinese ArchitectureChinese CuisineTraditional Chinese CultureReligion & PhilosophyTraditional Chinese cultureTraditional FestivalReligion & PhilosophyChinese CuisineChinese ArchitectureChinese Folk Ar

4、tsSpring Festival There are many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival. But Spring Festival, also known as Chinese new year, is the most important in our culture, just as important as Christmas Day in western culture.Trad

5、itional FestivalThe origin of Nian One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day， an old man came to their rescue， offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said， I hear say that you are very capable， but can

6、 you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents？ So， it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time. After that， the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He

7、 turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests， people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left， he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each years end to scare away Nian in ca

8、se it sneaked back again， because red is the color the beast feared the most.Spring Festival The origin of Spring Festival”Nian”, lunar year. 15-day celebrationreunion and thanksgiving New Years Eve Dinner Fireworks Dui Lian Traditional FestivalChinese Dumpling- the most important foods in Chinese N

9、ew YearFireworks are used to scare the beast “Nian” and to get rid of ill luckReflect the best wishes to the upcoming yearTraditional Chinese CultureChinese Folk ArtsTraditional FestivalReligion& PhilosophyChinese CuisineChinese ArchitectureChinese Folk Arts业务流程Chinese folk artsTraditional FestivalM

10、artial ArtsBeijing OperaTwo special artsBeijing OperaBeijing opera is the most influential opera in China and has a history of around 200 years. It synthesizes the arts of singing, dancing, recitation, martial arts, and instrumental music. Beijing OperaThere are four main roles in Beijing Opera: She

11、ngDanJing ChouThe facial painting is worth appreciating for its artistic value The Peking Opera band mainly consists of an orchestra and percussion band. The former frequently accompanies peaceful scenes while the latter provides the right atmosphere for battle scenes. Chinese Opera Mask, Guan Yu Re

12、d ColorRed indicates devotion, courage bravery, uprightness and loyalty. A typical red full face is Guan Yu, general of the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280), famed for his faithfulness to his Emperor, Liu Bei. Chinese Opera Mask, Zhang Fei Black Color Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness.

13、 The black face indicates either a rough and bold character or an impartial and selfless personality. Typical of the former are General Zhang Fei with a black cross butterfly face (of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Li Kui (of Water Margin), and of the latter is Bao Gong (alias Bao Zheng), th

14、e semi-legendary fearless and impartial judge of the Song Dynasty Chinese Opera Mask, Cao Cao White Color White suggests treacherousness, suspiciousness and craftiness. Commonly seen on the stage is the white face for the powerful villain. It highlights all that is bad in human nature: cunning, craf

15、tiness, and treachery. Typical characters are Cao Cao, powerful and cruel prime minister in the time of the Three Kingdoms, and Qin Hui, treacherous Song Dynasty prime minister who put the national hero Yue Fei to death. Cao cao with a watery white face is the leading character in the opera Meeting

16、of the Elite. Chinese Opera Mask, Jiang Gan Petty Painted Face For the clowns of traditional drama, there is a special makeup called xiaohualian (the petty painted face), i.e., a small patch of chalk on and around the nose to show a mean and secretive character, such as Jiang Gan of the Three Kingdo

17、ms who fawned upon Cao Cao. Chinese Opera Mask, Xia HoudunBlue Color Blue represents staunchness（坚定的）, fierceness and astuteness（机敏的）. Shown is Xiahou Dun with a blue face, Cao Caos most trusted general in the opera Bowang Slope. Martial Arts (Wushu)Anyone who has seen classical Chinese Kung Fu movi

18、es will be deeply impressed by the Chinese Wushu, which is called Kung Fu or Chinese martial arts in the west. Do you know Bruce Lee, Jet Li or Jackie Chan?Martial Arts (Wushu)Wushu is an important and unique component of Chinese cultural heritage with centuries of cultural history attached. Wushu n

19、ot only includes physical exercise but also Chinese philosophy, meditation and aesthetics.Traditional Chinese CultureChinese ArchitectureChinese Folk ArtsTraditional FestivalReligion & PhilosophyChineseCuisineChinese Architecture业务流程ArchitectureA Chinese structure is based on the principle of balanc

20、e and symmetry. Office buildings, residences, temples, and palaces all follow the principle that the main structure is the axis. The secondary structures are positioned as two wings on either side to form the main room and yard. The distribution of interior space reflects Chinese social and ethnical

21、 values. The layout of the Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) in Beijing was also designed in line with the traditional system with its grand halls in front and living quarters behind, all built along the central axis from north to south. Those grand halls, a symbol of center, were the places for the

22、emperor to issue his edicts, known as the Outer Palace. Located at the back along the central axis were the residences of the emperor and his consorts, known as the Inner Palace. But the residences of the emperors father, empress dowager, great consort and heir-apparent should be built on both sides

23、 of the former. The layout remarkably stressed the importance of hierarchy in traditional culture, giving prominence to the supreme authorities of a ruler of feudal society.The Forbidden City/v_show/id_XNjU3OTI2OTI=.html/v_show/id_XMTc2NDU5MjYw.htmlTraditional Chinese CultureChinese CuisineChinese A

24、rchitectureChinese Folk ArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion& PhilosophyChinese Eight Regional Cuisines业务流程Chinese CuisineChinese cuisine includes a variety of different flavors due to Chinas vast geography and diverse nationalities. Local dishes with their own distinctiveness can be roughly divided into

25、 eight regional cuisines.Hunan Fujian Jiangsu Sichuan Zhejiang Guangdong Shandong Anhui There are eight major culinary styles in china. Color combinations reflect the local features of each style. Take Guangdong food for example. Because it is hot and humid there, people are mindful of the heat on t

26、heir internal organs. Therefore Guangdong food is mild in both taste and color combinations. You dont find a lot of hot and spicy food in Guangdong dishes because warm colors in the hot summer can be repulsive to peoples appetite. Sichuan food is just the opposite. Sichuan is also very humid but unl

27、ike Guangdong, Sichuan people choose to use extremely hot peppers to open their stomach.Shanghai food, on the other hand ,uses a lot of oil and soy sauce. On the surface ,this style doesnt seem to go along with Shanghai peoples preference for delicacy and tenderness. But if you take a closer look at

28、 the lifestyle in Shanghai, you will be able to appreciate why this is so .Once I was invited to dinner with a Shanghai family and they cut the fish into two portions, saving one portion for another meal. So the four of us ended up sharing half a fish, together with a few other dishes, none of which

29、 were very big. This is when I came to understand the role of thick oil and soy sauce.Shandong food tends to highlight taste and color in order to satisfy the appetite for both.This is similar to knowing a person from Shangdong. At first sight that person may look tough and unrestrained, but once yo

30、u get to know him better, you will find he is in fact very refined and sensitive. Only people with such qualities can develop a culinary style that is at once neutral and balanced ,and able to appeal to all appetites. Beijing Roast Duck Beijing Roast duck is thought to be one of the most delicious d

31、ishes all over the world; most visitors coming to Beijing will never forget to have a try.First, the chef will show you the whole duck. Then, he will slice it into about one hundred and twenty pieces with both skin and meat for each. Usually the duck is served together with special pancakes, hollowe

32、d sesame bun, green onions and sweet sauce. Dinners can wrap duck slices, onion, and sauce in a pancake or a sesame bun with their bare hands. Sometimes people would like to put in mashed garlic and cucumber or carrot strips as well. Traditional Chinese CultureReligion & PhilosophyChinese CuisineChi

33、nese ArchitectureChinese Folk ArtsTraditional FestivalChinese Religion and PhilosophyThe three main Chinese religions are BuddhismTaoismConfucianismThese three main religions have interacted with one another throughout the two thousands years of Chinese history.Religion & PhilosophyBuddhismBuddhism

34、was first introduced from India as early as 166 AD. It gained the support of the imperial court and since then it has been dominating China for many centuries. TaoismTaoism is the Chinese religion which believes in ghosts and spirits. It originated from a Chinese school of philosophy which emphasize

35、d cooperation with the natural forces. Confucianism Confucianism was originally the philosophy of Confucius who stressed the maintenance of a stable system of inter-personal relationships at different levels of society. The Analects Confucianism The Confucian tradition has a long historical legacy i

36、n East Asia extending from China across Korea and Japan and into Vietnam. Despite the enormous historical variations, cultural particularities, and national differences in the region, there are certain central ideas and values which have spread across the area, and even have influenced our modern li

37、fe. The embeddedness of each person in concentric circles of relationships and ethical responsibilities, The importance of the family The importance of a hierarchical social system The significance of educationBusiness culture & etiquette信息平台业务流程设计原则Relationship & “Face”Gift GivingDining EtiquetteBu

38、siness culture & etiquette Business culture & etiquetteChina is becoming very much a economic powerhouse. Useful Tips！ Relationship & “Face”Chinese people care more about the social relationship than business relationship in doing the businessGiving face (giving due respect) is a very important conc

39、ept in China. You must give the appropriate respect according to rank and seniority. Gift GivingDo not give clocks. Clocks are associated with death. Do not give knives, scissors, etc. It implies the severing of a relationshipDo not expect that a gift will be opened immediately Avoid giving things t

40、o people in groups of four, since the number four in Chinese is a homonym for the word death . Never give a Chinese gentleman a green hat. It is associated with adultery. ！Dining EtiquetteIf you are the guest, wait to be seated as hierarchy is involved Eating usually begins once the host offers the

41、first drink. Use the serving chopsticks or turn your chopsticks around when use them to serve others Avoid dropping chopsticks as it is considered bad luck. ！exercises1.Traditional Chinese culture includes_, _, _, _ and_.2. The Forbidden City was built with its _ in front and _ behind, all built along_.3. The three main Chinese religions are_, _ and_.4. What are the eight major culinary styles in China?http:/?module=resource&act=viewuploadtext