十一、简单句和并列句课件

1、十一、简单句和并列句语法精讲一、简单句 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,但英语中简单句最基本的句型只有五种,其他各种句型都是由这五种基本句型转换而来。五种基本句型如下: 主语+谓语(不及物动词) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语1.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为:句子的谓语动词都能表 达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 Immediately,a crowd gathered around us. 一群人马上

2、围拢在我们的身旁。 Bathed in the sunshine,we jumped and cheered with joy. 沐浴在阳光中,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 该句式特点为:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,必须跟 有宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等来充 当),即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 More importantly,it could strengthen the friendship among us students. 更重要的是,它能够增进我们学生之间的友谊。 On the other hand,a lot

3、 of factories cant employ enough workers. 另一方面,很多工厂却雇用不到足够的工人。特别提示 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词,后面一定要跟介词构成及物的动词词组。Last month,after class,we crowded into the school canteen for lunch.上个月,上完课后,我们涌进学校食堂吃午饭。Nowadays,people in many big cities are complaining about the heavy traffic.当今,许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。3.主语+系动词

4、+表语 该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓 语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介 词短语、动词不定式及分词等。 As a matter of fact,failure isnt so terrible. 实际上,失败并非那么可怕。 Such a situation is of great concern. 这样的情况引起了极大的关注。 Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. 全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。4.主语+

5、谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,第一个是表示 人的间接宾语,第二个是表示物的直接宾语。 We should give them enough respect. 我们应该给予他们足够的尊重。5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意 思。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。 The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work from home. 计算机的应用使更多人在家办

6、公成为可能。二、并列句 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。考点一常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型并列连词并列关系(递进关系)and,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.转折或对比关系but,yet,whereas,while选择关系or,or else,either.or.,not .but.因果关系for,soBoth Peter and Tom are from South Africa.彼得和汤姆都来自南非。First,my English is ve

7、ry good and Im open-minded and warm-hearted,so Im getting along well with everyone.首先,我的英语很好,而且我性格外向、很热心,因此我和每个人都相处得很好。He tried hard to catch up with his classmates,but he failed.他尽力赶上同学们,但是失败了。The children can go with us,or they can stay in.孩子们可以跟我们去,也可以待在家。He must have been caught in the rain,for

8、he is wet all over.他肯定被雨淋了,因为他浑身都湿了。The shops were closed,so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。考点二并列连词构成的常用句型1.and构成的句型(1)祈使句+and+陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,and后面的句子相 当于一个表示结果的主句)。 Work hard and you will succeed.( = If you work hard,you will succeed.)努力学习,你就会成功。(2)名词(词组)+and+陈述句(名词(词组)相当于一个条件状语从句,其中常 含有m

9、ore,another等词)。 Another try,and youll make a success. 再试一次,你就会取得成功。2.or (else)构成的句型 (1)祈使句+ or (else) +陈述句。 Seize the chance,or (else) youll regret. 抓住这次机会,否则你会后悔的。(2)名词词组+or (else)+陈述句。 More healthy food,or (else) youll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品,不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。3.when构成的句型 when引起并列句,意为“正在这时”,表

10、示某件事正在发生或刚要发生或刚刚完成时,突然发生另一动作。(1)sb.was doing sth. when.某人正在做某事,这时 Last Monday,I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 上周一,我正在街上散步,这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(2)sb.was about to do sth. when.某人正要做某事,这时 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身,突

11、然下起雨来了。(3)sb. was on the point of doing sth. when.某人正要做某事, 这时 She was on the point of going to bed when someone knocked at the door. 她正要上床睡觉,突然有人敲门。(4)sb.had just done sth. when.某人刚做完某事,这时 I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.我刚刚扫完地,这时电话铃响了。 真题链接1.There were many people wai

12、ting at the bus stop, some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint). (2014新课标 全国)2.For example,television sets need not be played at full volume(音量) loud pop music should not be played very late at night. (2014 湖南)3.Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people,

13、there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. (2014湖南)答案及剖析:1.and考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要一个并列连词,连接两个并 列的分句。根据语境,前后两个分句之间是递进关系,因此填并列连词and。2.and考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要一个并列连词,连接两个并 列的分句。根据语境,前后两个分句之间是并列关系,因此填并列连词and。3.but考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要一个并列连词,连接两个并 列的分句。根据语境,填表示转折的并列连词but。填空。1.I must

14、work hard, Ill be looked down upon by my classmates.2.Few people would even think of beginning a new job at the age of 76, one of Americas most famous artists just did so.3.It must be five oclock now, the birds are singing.4.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another m

15、an,also intelligent,fails.5.Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, . you could have problems.6.One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.7.I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didnt want to spend all day with her.8.Stand over there youll be

16、 able to see the oil painting better.语法专练答案及剖析:1.or考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个连词,连接两个并列 句。根据语境,填表示选择关系的并列连词or。2.but考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填一个连词。根据句意可知, 前后两个分句之间是转折关系,所以填but。3.for考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个连词。根据语境,填 表示对前面的情况予以说明的并列连词for。4.while考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个连词。根据语境, 填表示对比的并列连词while。5.or考查连词的用法。根据句子结构