经济学人单词注释

1、EverysilverlininghasacloudThesealingofaPacifictradedealiswelcome.ButsparethecheersOct10th2015|FromtheprinteditionGlobaltradeSix-monthaverage%changponayearearlier200810121415Economist,comUNTILthisweek,theworldhadnotseenabigmultilateral1tradepactmultilateral : involving several different countries or

2、groups pact: a formal agreement between two groups, countries, or people, especially to help each other or to stop fighting:forover20years.ThedealthathasbrokenthedroughttheTrans-PacificPartnership(TPP),whichcomprises comprise: to consist of particular parts, groups etc: backdrop : the conditions or

3、situation in which something happensagainst a backdrop of something a love story set against a backdrop of war and despair12countriesinAsiaandtheAmericas,includingtheUnitedStatesandJapaniswelcome.Butthosewhobelieveinfreetrade,andthebenefitsitbrings,oughtnottomissthebiggerpicture.Thebackdroptothiswee

4、ksdealisa bleak: without anything to make you feel happy or hopefula bleak future/prospect The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak.bonakFirst,thepactitself.Ithasflaws flaw: a mistake, mark, or weakness that makes something imperfect = defectwhatcompromise compromise: to r

5、each an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less that what they wanted at firstbroker: broker a deal/settlement/treaty etc: to arrange the details of a deal etc so that everyone can agree to it: a ceasefire agreement brokered by the UNdoesnt?buttheadvantagesaregreater.Thenegotiatorswhobroke

6、redtheagreementinAtlantadidnotjustlowertariffssector: a part of an area of activity, especially of business, trade etc4 draw up: draw something ? up to prepare a written document, such as a list or contract:5 visa: an official mark put on your passport that gives you permission to temporarily enter

7、or leave a foreign country:6 veiled: a veiled threat, warning, attack, reference etc is expressed so that its exact meaning is hidden or unclear A fine rain was beginning to veil the hills.7 arbitrary: decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly: I8 step: one of a series of things

8、 that you do in order to deal with a problem or to succeed9 The Fine Print （写在文件底部的）保留条款（为该协议的附件，注明保留或限制性的条件）10comprehensive: including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt with= thorough:incoddled2sectors3suchasagriculture,butalsodrewup4sharedrulesoneverythingfromvisa

9、s5forbusinesstravellerstocompetitionpolicy.Thedeallimitsveiled6formsofprotectionism,suchasspecialtreatmentofstate-ownedfirmsandarbitrary7importbansaftersafetyscares.ThebenefitsofsuchstepSarehardtoquantify,especiallyasthefineprint9ofthedealhasnotyetbeenreleased,butthemostcomprehensive10assessmentthus

10、farvocal ： expressing strong opinions publicly, especially about things that you disagree with2 dairy farm : a farm that has cows and produces and sells milk3dole something ? outto give something such as money, food, advice etc to more than one person4 subsidy : money that is paid by a government or

11、 organization to make prices lower, reduce the cost of producing goods5 saga： a long and complicated series of events, or a description of this6 champion : to publicly fight for and defend an aim or principle, such as the rights of a group of people: She championed the cause of religious freedom7 un

12、derscore : to emphasize the fact that something is important or true8 shift : a change in the way people think about something, in the way something is done9 contentious: causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people10 steer： to guide someones behaviour or the way a situation develops11

13、glaring : very bad and very noticeable = obvious12 outcast: someone who is not accepted by the people they live among, or who has been forced out of their home:13 linchpin : the linchpin of something the person or thing in a group, system etc that is most important, because everything depends on the

14、mreckonstheycouldboosttheGDPofitsmembersby1%by2025.Theimpactonemerging-marketsignatories12tothedealislikelytobebyfarthebiggest.AwayfromthebrightspotViewedfromadifferentangle,however,thetale13ofTPPtellsadifferentstory.First,thereisthefactthattheagreementhasbeensohardtosellinAmerica.Ittookmonths,andse

15、verallegislative14setbacks5,beforeBarackObamawontheauthority16tofast-track17acongressionalvoteonTPP.Thedealmaystillbevoteddown18,inAmericaorelsewhere.ThosewhowouldsucceedMrObamaaspresidentknowthatTPPholdsfewvotes.ThisweekHillaryClinton,theDemocraticfront-runnerandonceapromoterofTPP,cameoutagainstit.

16、ThebeneficiariesofTPPconsumers,aswellasexportersarenumerous,buttheirpotentialgainsdiffuse0.Bycontrast,inefficient21firmsandfarms,abouttobeexposedtogreaterforeigncompetition,areobviousand1tariff:ataxongoodscomingintoacountryorgoingoutofacountry2coddle:totreatsomeoneinawaythatistookindandgentleandthat

17、protectsthemfrompainordifficulty:3vocal1.Canada,forexample,limitedthethreattoitsdairyfarmers2anddoledout3abignewsubsid夕.Thesaga5isareminderofhowhardfreetradeistochampiohSecond,theTPPdealunderscoMstheshift8awayfromglobalagreements.TheWorldTradeOrganisation,whichisresponsibleforglobaldeals,hasbeentryi

18、ng,andlargelyfailing,tonegotiateonesince2001.Reachingagreementamongits161members,especiallynowthataveragetariffsaroundtheworldarerelativelylowandtalksarefocusedonmorecontentious9obstaclestotrade,hasprovedalmostimpossible.Regionaldealsarethenextbestthing,but,bydefinition,theyexcludesomecountries,ands

19、omaysteer10customawayfromthemostefficientproducer.InthecaseofTPP,theglaring11outcast2isChina,thelinchpin13ofmostglobalsupplychains.Tradeingoodsbyexistingandproposedregionaltradeblocs,2014AllNAHACISA5EAN MercosurTPPTTIP$2343,2 billionIIUnitedStatesChinaGermanyJapanWhycountriesaresokeentoagreenewtrade

20、dealsThird,goodnewsonTPPstandsincontrastto1badnewselsewhere.Cross-borde2tradetodayisasmuchabouttheexchangeofdataasitistheflowofgoodsandservices:thisweeksawtheannulmentbyaEuropeancourtofadealthathadenabledAmericanfirmstotransfercustomerdataacrosstheAtlantic.Conventionaltradefacesevenstrongerheadwind?

21、Thevolume in contrast to : a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc that are being compared The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents. Cross-border :跨境annulment : to officially state that a marriage or legal agreement no longer exists headwi

22、nd : a wind that blows directly towards you when you are moving volume : the total amount of something, especially when it is large or increasing soggy ： unpleasantly wet and softofgoodsshippedinthefirsthalfofthisyearwasjust1.9%higherthaninthesameperiodof2014,farbelowitslong-termaveragede mandbfogyi

23、mportsa threat togrowthof5%.ThisreflectsnotonlyChinathedevelopingeconomiesthatsupplyitbutalsotheaccumulationofminormeasuresthatsiltup silt up : if something silts up or is silted up, it becomes filled with siltglobaltrade.DealslikeTPParethemosteffectivewaytoreversethissorrytrend,byreducingtariffsand

24、otherobstaclestotrade.Optimistshopeitcannowbeexpanded,toincludeChinaandothers.Sadly,experiencesuggeststhatwillbehard.跨太平洋合作伙伴银边背后总有乌云缔结太平洋贸易协定值得欢迎，但莫急欢呼直至本周之前，全球已有20多年没有签订过大型多边贸易协定了。打破这一困局的跨太平洋合作伙伴协定（TPP）值得欢迎，它涵盖了包括美国和日本在内的12个亚洲和美洲国家。但是，信奉自由贸易及其益处的人们不应忽略大环境：本周缔结这一协定的背景颇为惨淡。首先是协定本身。它有缺陷（哪个折衷方案会没有缺陷呢？

25、），但好处更多。在亚特兰大谈判协定的各国代表并不只是降低了农业等备受保护产业的关税，还拟定了从商务签证到竞争政策等方方面面的共享规则。这一协议限制了隐性的贸易保护主义，例如国有公司享有特别待遇，以及在安全恐慌事件后做出任意武断的进口禁令。这些措施的效益难以量化，尤其协定的细节条款尚未披露。但迄今为止最全面的评定估计，到2025年，它们能够推动协议成员国的GDP增长1%,这可能是到目前为止对新兴市场签署国最大的正面影响。亮点之外然而，从另一个角度看，TPP的传奇所讲述的却是一个不同的故事。首先，这一协议在美国历尽波折。奥巴马耗时数月、在国会屡次受挫后才获得“贸易促进授权”，将TPP直接提交国会表

26、决。在美国或其他国家，该协议仍可能被否决。奥巴马可能的继任者知道TPP难以赢得很多支持。呼声很高的民主党候选人希拉里曾经支持TPP,本周也站出来反对。不计其数的消费者和出口商是TPP的受益者，但他们的潜在收益分散。相比之下，那些低效的公司和农场将面对更激烈的外国竞争，而它们更能引起关注并表示反对。例如，加拿大限制了对该国奶农的威胁，并发放了大量新补贴。这一事例提示了要维护自由贸易殊为不易。第二，TPP突显了脱离全球协定的方向。负责全球协定的世界贸易组织自2001年起就曾试图达成一项全球贸易协定，但基本失败。事实证明，要在它的161个成员国间达成协议几无可能，尤其如今全球平均关税相对较低，而谈判侧重于更具争议的贸易壁垒。区域协定是仅次于全球协定的最佳选择，但是顾名思义，它们把一些国家排除在外，因而会使贸易远离最有效率的生产商。就TPP而言，最引人注目的局外人是中国，它是大多数全球供应链的枢纽。第三，TPP的达成是好消息，但其他领域却有诸多坏消息。今日的跨境贸易不仅仅