磁场分布测量分析

1、沈阳城市学院物理实验报告实验题目磁场分布测量姓名学号专业班级实验室号实验成绩指导教师实验时间年月日物理实验室制就实验目的.学习测量载流圆线圈的磁场分布。.了解亥姆霍兹线圈磁场分布的特点。.验证矢量迭加原理。中实验仪器名称型号二维亥姆霍索线圈磁场实验仪FB520型请认真填写田口实验原理（注意：原理图、测试公式）1.载流圆线圈与亥姆霍兹线圈的磁场（1）载流圆线圈磁场根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律一半径为 X米处的磁感应强度的表达式为 ：BR ,通以直流电流I的圆线圈，其轴线上离圆线圈中心距离为20?No?I?R22(R2 X2)3/2(1)式中No为圆线圈的匝数，X为轴上某一点到圆心。的距离，04107H/

2、m,磁场的分布图如图1所示，是一条单峰的关于Y轴对称的曲线。（2）亥姆霍兹线圈图1载法圆线圈的磁场分布图?亥姆翟装线圈的磁场分布两个完全相同的圆线圈彼此平行且共轴，通以同方向电流I,线圈间距等于线圈半径（即dR）时，从磁感应强度分布曲线可以看出，（理论计算也可以证明）：两线圈合磁场在中心轴线上（两线圈圆心连线）附近较大范围内是均匀的，这样的一对线圈称为亥姆霍兹线圈，如图2所示。从分布曲线可以看出，在两线圈中心连线一段，出现一个平台，这说明该处是匀强磁场。根据霍尔效应可以知道，当霍尔探头放入磁场中时，由于运动电荷受到洛伦兹力作用，电流方向会发生偏离，在某两个端面之间产生的电势差，通过电势差的大小

3、就可以测量磁场的大小。当亥姆霍兹线圈两线圈通有方向一致的电流时，两线圈形成的磁场方向也一致，两线圈之间就形成均匀磁场，霍尔探头在该区域运动时其测量的数值几乎不变。当然两线圈通上相反方向电流，则其间的磁场可以互相抵消为零。谗实验内容及步骤.用连接线将励磁电流输由端连接到圆线圈1,霍尔传感器探头的信号线连接到测试架后面板的专用四芯插座。.开机，在线圈磁场强度等于零的条件下，把特斯拉计调零，这样特斯拉计就校准好了.调节励磁电流I=500mA,把开光调到0极，调节电压为零，把开关调到+极，移动X方向导轨滑块，以10mm为间隔距离测量单个线圈通电时轴线上从15至k15各点的磁感应强度，将数据记下.把开关

4、调到0,调节电压为零，再把开关开到负极，测量单个线圈通电时轴线上从15到-15各点的磁感应强度，将数据记下.同理测量线圈2和线圈1加线圈2实验数据记录（注意：单位、有效数字、列表）表一载流圆线圈（1）轴线上磁场分布的数据记录（设亥姆霍兹线圈中间为坐标原点）轴向坐标X（m）磁感应强度B实（uT）平均值B1距圆线（1）中心距离（m）理论值百分误差+Im-Im0.1546-4264360.1444.06-1.82%0.14518-497507.50.09515.79-1.61%0.13603-5815920.08598.03-1.01%0.12693-676684.50.07690.57-0.88%

5、0.11795-772783.50.06791.92-1.06%0.1904-8868950.05898.72-0.41%0.091014-99410040.041005.32-0.13%0.081115-109711060.031103.700.21%0.071197-117511860.021184.240.15%0.061255-12381246.50.011237.390.74%0.051277-1259126801256.000.96%0.041258-12411249.5-0.011237.390.98%0.031205-11871196-0.021184.240.99%0.021

6、120-11001110-0.031103.700.57%0.011025-9991012-0.041005.320.66%0912-889900.5-0.05898.720.20%-0.01810-782796-0.06791.920.52%-0.02708-680694-0.07690.570.50%-0.03611-588599.5-0.08598.030.25%-0.04530-509519.5-0.09515.790.72%-0.05457-438447.5-0.1444.060.77%-0.06397-376386.5-0.11382.301.10%-0.07342-323332.

7、5-0.12329.540.90%-0.08299-279289-0.13284.681.52%-0.09261-240250.5-0.14246.631.57%-0.1228-209218.5-0.15214.371.93%-0.11200-182191-0.16186.992.15%-0.12174-158166-0.17163.711.40%-0.13154-137145.5-0.18143.861.14%-0.14138-122130-0.19126.892.45%-0.15122-110116-0.2112.343.26%轴向坐标X（m）磁感应强度B（uT）平均值B2距圆线（2）中心

8、距离（m）理论值百分误差+Im-Im0.15113-991060.2112.34-5.64%0.14126-1161210.19126.89-4.64%0.13144-133138.50.18143.86-3.73%0.12163-1531580.17163.71-3.49%0.1115-174179.50.16186.99-4.00%0.1213-200206.50.15214.37-3.67%0.09244-2262350.14246.63-4.72%0.08275-268271.50.13284.68-4.63%0.07320-3143170.12329.54-3.80%0.06375-

9、364369.50.11382.30-3.35%0.05436-427431.50.1444.06-2.83%0.04508-4965020.09515.79-2.67%0.03585-578581.50.08598.03-2.76%0.02678-6766770.07690.57-1.97%0.01780-777778.50.06791.92-1.6905898.72-0.97%-0.011007-9961001.50.041005.32-0.38%-0.021114-110611100.031103.700.57%-0.031201-119111960.0211

10、84.240.99%-0.041270-12511260.50.011237.391.87%-0.051298-1284129101256.002.79%-0.061280-12721276-0.011237.393.12%-0.071227-12171222-0.021184.243.19%-0.081147-11361141.5-0.031103.703.43%-0.091048-10301039-0.041005.323.35%-0.1932-918925-0.05898.722.92%-0.11822-803812.5-0.06791.922.60%-0.12715-705710-0.

11、07690.572.81%-0.13624-606615-0.08598.032.84%-0.14538-524531-0.09515.792.95%-0.15462-452457-0.1444.062.91%轴向坐标X(nj)磁感应强度B(uT)平均值距亥姆霍兹线圈中心距离(mB1+B2百分误差+Im-Im0.15559-548553.50.155422.12%0.14648-633640.50.14628.5.91%0.13747-7377420.13730.51.57%0.12855-850852.50.12842.51.19%0.11980-973976.50.119631.40%0.

12、11112-11131112.50.11101.51.00%0.091254-125612550.0912391.29%0.081386-138813870.081377.50.69%0.071516-152015180.0715031.00%0.061624-162416240.0616160.50%0.051706-170617060.051699.50.38%0.041758-17551756.50.041751.50.29%0.031783-17801781.50.031777.50.23%0.021793-17881790.50.0217870.20%0.011796-1790179

13、30.011790.50.14%01799-17921795.501790.50.28%-0.011802-17981800-0.011797.50.14%-0.021808-18031805.5-0.0218040.08%-0.031805-18011803-0.031795.50.42%-0.041787-17801783.5-0.0417800.20%-0.051743-17361739.5-0.051738.50.06%-0.061664-16591661.5-0.061662.5-0.06%-0.071556-15551555.5-0.071554.50.06%-0.081427-14271427-0.081430.5-0.24%-0.091291-12831287-0.091289.5-0.19%-0.11144-11401142-0.11143.5-0.13%-0.111005-9991002-0.111003.5-0.15%-0.12875-872873.5-0.12876-0.29%-0.13762-760761-0.13760.50.07%-0.14661-657659-0.14661-0.30%-0.15570-569569