欧洲联盟基本权利宪章

1、CHARTEROFFUNDAMENTALRIGHTSOFTHEEUROPEANUNION(2000/C364/01) PREAMBLE、八、.前言ThepeoplesofEurope,increatinganevercloserunionamongthem,areresolvedtoshareapeacefulfuturebasedoncommonvalues.在创设一个前所未有的紧密联盟的过程，欧洲人民决意在共同价值上共享一和平的未来。Consciousofitsspiritualandmoralheritage,theUnionisfoundedontheindivisible,unive

2、rsalvaluesofhumandignity,freedom,equalityandsolidarity;itisbasedontheprinciplesofdemocracyandtheruleoflaw.Itplacestheindividualattheheartofitsactivities,byestablishingthecitizenshipoftheUnionandbycreatinganareaoffreedom,securityandjustice.谅察其精神与道德上之传统，欧洲联盟乃建立在不可分离及普世价值之人性尊严、自由、平等与团结之上。其系奠基于民主与法治原则之上

3、。藉由创立欧洲联盟公民并创造一自由、安全与正义之领域，欧洲联盟认为个人是其各项活动之重心。TheUnioncontributestothepreservationandtothedevelopmentofthesecommonvalueswhilerespectingthediversityoftheculturesandtraditionsofthepeoplesofEuropeaswellasthenationalidentitiesoftheMemberStatesandtheorganisationoftheirpublicauthoritiesatnational,regionala

4、ndlocallevels;itseekstopromotebalancedandsustainabledevelopmentandensuresfreemovementofpersons,goods,servicesandcapital,andthefreedomofestablishment.欧洲联盟对于上述共同价值之发展与保存有所贡献，但是其亦尊重欧洲人民文化与传统之多元性、各会员国国民之自我意识及国家、区域与地方层级之公权力组织；欧洲联盟欲促进平衡及永续之发展，并确保人员、货物、服务与资金之自由流动与创业自由。Tothisend,itisnecessarytostrengthenthe

5、protectionoffundamentalrightsinthelightofchangesinsociety,socialprogressandscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsbymakingthoserightsmorevisibleinaCharter.为达成此一目的，且衡酌社会变迁及进步与科技发展之情形，有必要以于一宪章中将彼等权利加以明示之方式，加强对基本权利之保障。ThisCharterreaffirms,withdueregardforthepowersandtasksoftheCommunityandtheUnionandthep

6、rincipleofsubsidiarity,therightsastheyresult,inparticular,fromtheconstitutionaltraditionsandinternationalobligationscommontotheMemberStates,theTreatyonEuropeanUnion,theCommunityTreaties,theEuropeanConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms,theSocialChartersadoptedbytheCommunityand

7、bytheCouncilofEuropeandthecase-lawoftheCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanCommunitiesandoftheEuropeanCourtofHumanRights.基于尊重欧洲共同体与欧洲联盟之权力与职掌及辅助原则之前提，本宪章再次确认这些权利，因为这些权利源自于会员国共同之宪政传统与国际义务、欧洲联盟条约、欧洲共同体各条约、欧洲保护人权与基本自由公约、欧洲共同体与欧洲理事会所通过之各社会宪章及欧洲共同体法院与欧洲人权法院之判决。Enjoymentoftheserightsentailsresponsibilitiesanddutie

8、swithregardtootherpersons,tothehumancommunityandtofuturegenerations.对于此等权利之享有，伴随着对他人、人类社会以及未来世代之责任与义务。TheUnionthereforerecognisestherights,freedomsandprinciplessetouthereafter.欧洲联盟兹此确认以下诸权利、自由与原则。 CHAPTERI（第一章）DIGNITY（尊严）Article1（第一条）Humandignity人性尊严Humandignityisinviolable.Itmustberespectedandprote

9、cted.人性尊严不可侵犯，其必须受尊重与保护。Article2（第二条）Righttolife生命权Everyonehastherighttolife.人人均享有生命权。Nooneshallbecondemnedtothedeathpenalty,orexecuted.不论何人均不受死刑判决或受死刑执行。Article3（第三条）Righttotheintegrityoftheperson人身自主权Everyonehastherighttorespectforhisorherphysicalandmentalintegrity.人人均享有尊重其心理与生理自主之权利。Inthefieldsof

10、medicineandbiology,thefollowingmustberespectedinparticular:于医药与生物领域，下列事项应特别受到遵守：thefreeandinformedconsentofthepersonconcerned,accordingtotheprocedureslaiddownbylaw,依法律规定程序之相关人员之自由且经告知之同意；theprohibitionofeugenicpractices,inparticularthoseaimingattheselectionofpersons,禁止基因改造医疗行为，特别是针对人种选择而行之者；theprohi

11、bitiononmakingthehumanbodyanditspartsassuchasourceoffinancialgain,禁止为营利而为人体与器官复制；theprohibitionofthereproductivecloningofhumanbeings.禁止复制人之行为。Article4（第四条）Prohibitionoftortureandinhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment酷刑与不人道或羞辱之待遇或惩罚之禁止Nooneshallbesubjectedtotortureortoinhumanordegradingtreatmentorpu

12、nishment.不论何人均不得被施以酷刑或不人道或羞辱之待遇或惩罚Article5（第五条）Prohibitionofslaveryandforcedlabour奴隶与强制劳动之禁止Nooneshallbeheldinslaveryorservitude.不论何人均不得被处为奴隶或奴役。Nooneshallberequiredtoperformforcedorcompulsorylabour.不论何人均不得被要求施以强制或非自愿性劳动。Traffickinginhumanbeingsisprohibited.禁止进行人口贩卖。CHAPTERII（第二章）FREEDOMS（自由权）Articl

13、e6（第六条）Righttolibertyandsecurity自由与安全之权利Everyonehastherighttolibertyandsecurityofperson.人人均有权享有人身自由与安全。Article7（第七条）Respectforprivateandfamilylife个人与家庭生活Everyonehastherighttorespectforhisorherprivateandfamilylife,homeandcommunications.人人均有权要求尊重其私人与家庭生活、住居及通信。Article8（第八条）Protectionofpersonaldata个人信息

14、之保护Everyonehastherighttotheprotectionofpersonaldataconcerninghimorher.人人均有权享有个人信息之保护。Suchdatamustbeprocessedfairlyforspecifiedpurposesandonthebasisoftheconsentofthepersonconcernedorsomeotherlegitimatebasislaiddownbylaw.Everyonehastherightofaccesstodatawhichhasbeencollectedconcerninghimorher,andtheri

15、ghttohaveitrectified.此等信息应仅得于特定明确目的，且于信息所有人同意或其它法律规定之正当依据下，公平地被处理。人人均有权了解其个人信息，并有权要求销毁其个人信息。Compliancewiththeserulesshallbesubjecttocontrolbyanindependentauthority.应由独立之主管机关监督这些原则之确实遵守。Article9（第九条）Righttomarryandrighttofoundafamily结婚权与组织家庭权Therighttomarryandtherighttofoundafamilyshallbeguaranteedin

16、accordancewiththenationallawsgoverningtheexerciseoftheserights.结婚权与组织家庭权应依国内法律规定此等权利行使之范围而保障之。Article10（第十条）Freedomofthought,conscienceandreligion思想、良心与宗教自由1.Everyonehastherighttofreedomofthought,conscienceandreligion.Thisrightincludesfreedomtochangereligionorbeliefandfreedom,eitheraloneorincommunit

17、ywithothersandinpublicorinprivate,tomanifestreligionorbelief,inworship,teaching,practiceandobservance.人人均有权享有思想、良心与宗教之自由。此一权利包括改变宗教或信念之自由，及不论系独自或于社群中，亦不论系公开或私下，于礼拜、教学、职业与仪式中，表达其宗教与信仰之自由。2.Therighttoconscientiousobjectionisrecognized,inaccordancewiththenationallawsgoverningtheexerciseofthisright.基于良心

18、而反对之权利应依国内法律行使此一权利之规定而确认之。Article11（第十一条）Freedomofexpressionandinformation表意与信息自由1.Everyonehastherighttofreedomofexpression.Thisrightshallincludefreedomtoholdopinionsandtoreceiveandimpartinformationandideaswithoutinterferencebypublicauthorityandregardlessoffrontiers.人人均有权享有表意自由。此一权利应包括保有意见之自由，与接收与传递

19、信息及意见，而不受公权力干预与地域之限制。2.Thefreedomandpluralismofthemediashallberespected.媒体之自由与多元性应受到尊重。Article12（第十二条）Freedomofassemblyandofassociation集会与结社自由Everyonehastherighttofreedomofpeacefulassemblyandtofreedomofassociationatalllevels,inparticularinpolitical,tradeunionandcivicmatters,whichimpliestherightofeve

20、ryonetoformandtojointradeunionsfortheprotectionofhisorherinterests.人人均有权享有和平集会之自由与于各阶层结社之自由，特别是有关政治、工会与私人事务之集会及结社，因其包含每个人为保护自我利益而组成或参加工会之权利。PoliticalpartiesatUnionlevelcontributetoexpressingthepoliticalwillofthecitizensoftheUnion.欧洲联盟层次之政党团体有助于欧洲联盟公民表达政治意愿。Article13（第十三条）Freedomoftheartsandsciences艺

21、术与科学自由Theartsandscientificresearchshallbefreeofconstraint.Academicfreedomshallberespected.艺术与科学研究不应受限制。学术自由应被尊重。Article14（第十四条）Righttoeducation受教权1.Everyonehastherighttoeducationandtohaveaccesstovocationalandcontinuingtraining.人人均享有受教育与接受职业及技职训练之权利。2.Thisrightincludesthepossibilitytoreceivefreecompu

22、lsoryeducation.此一权利包括接受免费义务教育之机会。Thefreedomtofoundeducationalestablishmentswithduerespectfordemocraticprinciplesandtherightofparentstoensuretheeducationandteachingoftheirchildreninconformitywiththeirreligious,philosophicalandpedagogicalconvictionsshallberespected,inaccordancewiththenationallawsgover

23、ningtheexerciseofsuchfreedomandright.设立尊重民主原则之教育事业之自由与父母确保其子女受符合其信仰、哲学与学术确信而受教育与训练之权利，应依此等自由与权利行使之相关国内法律规定而得到保障。Article15（第十五条）Freedomtochooseanoccupationandrighttoengageinwork职业自由与工作权1.Everyonehastherighttoengageinworkandtopursueafreelychosenoracceptedoccupation.人人均享有工作与追求自由选择或接受职业之权利。2.Everycitize

24、noftheUnionhasthefreedomtoseekemployment,towork,toexercisetherightofestablishmentandtoprovideservicesinanyMemberState.欧洲联盟的每个公民均有权享有于任何会员国受雇、工作、创业与提供服务之自由。NationalsofthirdcountrieswhoareauthorisedtoworkintheterritoriesoftheMemberStatesareentitledtoworkingconditionsequivalenttothoseofcitizensoftheUni

25、on.经允许而于会员国境内工作之非会员国国民，有权享有与欧洲联盟公民所享有之相同劳动条件。Article16（第十六条）Freedomtoconductabusiness营业自由ThefreedomtoconductabusinessinaccordancewithCommunitylawandnationallawsandpracticesisrecognised.依欧洲共同体法律与国内法令规定之营业自由应予确认。Article17（第十七条）Righttoproperty财产权1.Everyonehastherighttoown,use,disposeofandbequeathhisorh

26、erlawfullyacquiredpossessions.Noonemaybedeprivedofhisorherpossessions,exceptinthepublicinterestandinthecasesandundertheconditionsprovidedforbylaw,subjecttofaircompensationbeingpaidingoodtimefortheirloss.Theuseofpropertymayberegulatedbylawinsofarasisnecessaryforthegeneralinterest.人人均享有拥有、使用、处分与遗赠其合法取

27、得财产之权利。除非基于公共利益，符合法律规定之要件及情况，并于合理期间内适当补偿损失，不得剥夺个人财产。法律得于符合公共利益之情况管理个人财产之使用。2.Intellectualpropertyshallbeprotected.智慧财产权应受到保护。Article18（第十八条）Righttoasylum庇护权TherighttoasylumshallbeguaranteedwithduerespectfortherulesoftheGenevaConventionof28July1951andtheProtocolof31January1967relatingtothestatusofref

28、ugeesandinaccordancewiththeTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunity.庇护权应于符合一九五一年七月二十八日日内瓦公约与一九六七年一月三十一日关于难民地位议定书及欧洲共同体条约之相关规范下受到保障。Article19（第十九条）Protectionintheeventofremoval,expulsionorextradition移居、驱逐与引渡事件之保护1.Collectiveexpulsionsareprohibited.集体驱逐应被禁止。2.Noonemayberemoved,expelledorextraditedtoaSta

29、tewherethereisaseriousriskthatheorshewouldbesubjectedtothedeathpenalty,tortureorotherinhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishment.任何人均不得被移居、驱逐或引渡至一将使其遭受死刑、酷刑与其它非人道与羞辱待遇与惩罚之严重危险之国家。 CHAPTERIII（第三章）EQUALITY（平等）Article20（第二十条）Equalitybeforethelaw法律上平等Everyoneisequalbeforethelaw.法律之前人人平等。Article21Non-discrim

30、ination不受歧视1.Anydiscriminationbasedonanygroundsuchassex,race,colour,ethnicorsocialorigin,geneticfeatures,language,religionorbelief,politicaloranyotheropinion,membershipofanationalminority,property,birth,disability,ageorsexualorientationshallbeprohibited.任何基于性别、种族、肤色、血源或社会背景、面容外貌、语言、宗教与信念政治或任何其它意见、少数

31、族裔成员、财产、出生、残障、年龄或性倾向之歧视，均应被禁止。2.WithinthescopeofapplicationoftheTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunityandoftheTreatyonEuropeanUnion,andwithoutprejudicetothespecialprovisionsofthoseTreaties,anydiscriminationongroundsofnationalityshallbeprohibited.在适用欧洲共同体条约与欧洲联盟条约的范围内，任何基于国籍之歧视均应被禁止。Article22（第二十二条）C

32、ultural,religiousandlinguisticdiversity文化、宗教与语言多元性TheUnionshallrespectcultural,religiousandlinguisticdiversity.欧洲联盟应尊重文化、宗教与语言之多样性。Article23（第二十三条）Equalitybetweenmenandwomen男女平等Equalitybetweenmenandwomenmustbeensuredinallareas,includingemployment,workandpay.男女间于包括雇用、劳动与报酬等所有领域之平等，应受到保障。Theprincipleo

33、fequalityshallnotpreventthemaintenanceoradoptionofmeasuresprovidingforspecificadvantagesinfavouroftheunder-representedsex.平等原则不应影响到为少数性别提供特定利益之措施的施行与采用。Article24（第二十四条）Therightsofthechild儿童权利Childrenshallhavetherighttosuchprotectionandcareasisnecessaryfortheirwell-being.Theymayexpresstheirviewsfreel

34、y.Suchviewsshallbetakenintoconsiderationonmatterswhichconcerntheminaccordancewiththeirageandmaturity.儿童享有受必要保护与照顾之权利。儿童得自由地表达其观点，此等观点应于与儿童相关之事务上，依其年龄与成熟度而受到考虑。Inallactionsrelatingtochildren,whethertakenbypublicauthoritiesorprivateinstitutions,thechildsbestinterestsmustbeaprimaryconsideration.所有与儿童相关

35、之行为，不论是由公家机构或私人机构所进行，儿童之最适利益应为首要考虑。Everychildshallhavetherighttomaintainonaregularbasisapersonalrelationshipanddirectcontactwithbothhisorherparents,unlessthatiscontrarytohisorherinterests.每个儿童均享有于一固定期限内维持个人关系及与双亲直接接触之权利，但其情形违反儿童之利益者不在此限。Article25（第二十五条）Therightsoftheelderly老人权利TheUnionrecognisesandr

36、espectstherightsoftheelderlytoleadalifeofdignityandindependenceandtoparticipateinsocialandculturallife.欧洲联盟确认并尊重老人享有尊严与独立之生活及参与社会及文化生活之权利。Article26（第二十六条）Integrationofpersonswithdisabilities残障者之公平待遇TheUnionrecognisesandrespectstherightofpersonswithdisabilitiestobenefitfrommeasuresdesignedtoensurethe

37、irindependence,socialandoccupationalintegrationandparticipationinthelifeofthecommunity.欧洲联盟确认并尊重残障者享有为了确保其独立、社会与就业公平待遇及参与社群生活之各项措施的权利。 CHAPTERIV（第四章）SOLIDARITY（团结）Article27（第二十七条）Workersrighttoinformationandconsultationwithintheundertaking劳工于工作中获得信息与谘商之权利Workersortheirrepresentativesmust,attheapprop

38、riatelevels,beguaranteedinformationandconsultationingoodtimeinthecasesandundertheconditionsprovidedforbyCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices.劳工或其代表就欧洲共同体法律、国内法律与措施所规定之条件与案件上，于适当层级上立即获得数据与谘商之权利，必须受到保障。Article28（第二十八条）Rightofcollectivebargainingandaction团体协商与行动之权利Workersandemployers,ortheirrespecti

39、veorganisations,have,inaccordancewithCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices,therighttonegotiateandconcludecollectiveagreementsattheappropriatelevelsand,incasesofconflictsofinterest,totakecollectiveactiontodefendtheirinterests,includingstrikeaction.劳工与雇主或其代表团体，依欧洲共同体法律、国内法律与措施，于适当层级上进行协商及签订团体协议之权利。若

40、于利益冲突时，有采取包括罢工之集体行动，以保护其自我利益之权利。Article29（第二十九条）Rightofaccesstoplacementservices获得职业介绍之权利。Everyonehastherightofaccesstoafreeplacementservice.人人均有获得免费职业介绍之权利。Article30（第三十条）Protectionintheeventofunjustifieddismissal不当解雇事件之保护Everyworkerhastherighttoprotectionagainstunjustifieddismissal,inaccordancewit

41、hCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices.劳工有依欧洲共同体法律、国内法律与措施，不受不当解雇之权利。Article31（第三十一条）Fairandjustworkingconditions公平合理之劳动条件Everyworkerhastherighttoworkingconditionswhichrespecthisorherhealth,safetyanddignity.劳工享有尊重其健康、安全与尊严之劳动条件的权利。Everyworkerhastherighttolimitationofmaximumworkinghours,todailyandw

42、eeklyrestperiodsandtoanannualperiodofpaidleave.劳工享有最高工时限制、每日与每周休息时间与支薪年休期间之权利。Article32（第三十二条）Prohibitionofchildlabourandprotectionofyoungpeopleatwork童工之禁止与在职青少年之保护。Theemploymentofchildrenisprohibited.Theminimumageofadmissiontoemploymentmaynotbelowerthantheminimumschool-leavingage,withoutprejudiceto

43、suchrulesasmaybemorefavourabletoyoungpeopleandexceptforlimitedderogations.禁止雇用儿童。最低雇用年龄不得低于基本教育年龄，但有利于青少年及特别例外情况不在此限。Youngpeopleadmittedtoworkmusthaveworkingconditionsappropriatetotheirageandbeprotectedagainsteconomicexploitationandanyworklikelytoharmtheirsafety,healthorphysical,mental,moralorsocial

44、developmentortointerferewiththeireducation.被许可就业之青少年须依适合其年龄之劳动条件，并受保护以免于受经济剥削与从事其它可能伤害其安全、健康或生理、心理、道德或社会发展或妨碍其教育之工作。Article33（第三十三条）Familyandprofessionallife家庭与职业生活1.Thefamilyshallenjoylegal,economicandsocialprotection.家庭应享有法律上、经济上与社会上之保护。2.Toreconcilefamilyandprofessionallife,everyoneshallhavetheri

45、ghttoprotectionfromdismissalforareasonconnectedwithmaternityandtherighttopaidmaternityleaveandtoparentalleavefollowingthebirthoradoptionofachild.为使其家庭与职业生活协调，人人均有受免于因与妊娠有关之理由而受解雇之权利，以及支薪产假与因子女出生或领养而休育婴假之权利。Article34（第三十四条）Socialsecurityandsocialassistance社会福利与社会救助1.TheUnionrecognisesandrespectstheen

46、titlementtosocialsecuritybenefitsandsocialservicesprovidingprotectionincasessuchasmaternity,illness,industrialaccidents,dependencyoroldage,andinthecaseoflossofemployment,inaccordancewiththeruleslaiddownbyCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices.欧洲联盟依欧洲共同体法律、国内法律及措施之相关规定，确认并尊重于妊娠、疾病、工业意外、失依或年老及失业情况下提供

47、保护之社会福利利益与社会服务之享有。2.EveryoneresidingandmovinglegallywithintheEuropeanUnionisentitledtosocialsecuritybenefitsandsocialadvantagesinaccordancewithCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices.任何人合法居住或迁移于欧洲联盟境内，有权享有依欧洲共同体法律、国内法律及措施规定之社会安全福利与社会利益。Inordertocombatsocialexclusionandpoverty,theUnionrecognisesandre

48、spectstherighttosocialandhousingassistancesoastoensureadecentexistenceforallthosewholacksufficientresources,inaccordancewiththeruleslaiddownbyCommunitylawandnationallawsandpractices.为消除社会边缘化及贫穷，欧洲联盟确认并尊重依据欧洲共同体法律、国内法律及措施之相关规定之社会与居住补助之权利，以确保所有欠缺适足资源者能享有有尊严之生活。Article35（第三十五条）Healthcare健康照护Everyonehas

49、therightofaccesstopreventivehealthcareandtherighttobenefitfrommedicaltreatmentundertheconditionsestablishedbynationallawsandpractices.AhighlevelofhumanhealthprotectionshallbeensuredinthedefinitionandimplementationofallUnionpoliciesandactivities.人人均享有依国内法律及措施确立之条件下接受预防性健康照护与接受医药治疗之权利。欧洲联盟所有政策与行为之解释与实

50、践，均应确保高水平之人体健康保护。Article36（第三十六条）Accesstoservicesofgeneraleconomicinterest一般经济利益服务之获得TheUnionrecognisesandrespectsaccesstoservicesofgeneraleconomicinterestasprovidedforinnationallawsandpractices,inaccordancewiththeTreatyestablishingtheEuropeanCommunity,inordertopromotethesocialandterritorialcohesion

51、oftheUnion.欧洲联盟确认并尊重依符合欧洲共同体条约规定之国内法律与措施而获得一般经济利益服务之权利，以便能促进欧洲联盟社会与领域之结合。Article37（第三十七条）Environmentalprotection环境保护AhighlevelofenvironmentalprotectionandtheimprovementofthequalityoftheenvironmentmustbeintegratedintothepoliciesoftheUnionandensuredinaccordancewiththeprincipleofsustainabledevelopment.

52、高标准之环境保护及环境质量改善，必须纳入欧洲联盟之政策并符合永续发展原则。Article38（第三十八条）Consumerprotection消费者保护Unionpoliciesshallensureahighlevelofconsumerprotection.欧洲联盟之政策必须保障高标准之消费者保护。 CHAPTERV（第五章）CITIZENSRIGHTS（公民权）Article39（第三十九条）RighttovoteandtostandasacandidateatelectionstotheEuropeanParliament欧洲议会议员选举与被选举权EverycitizenoftheUn

53、ionhastherighttovoteandtostandasacandidateatelectionstotheEuropeanParliamentintheMemberStateinwhichheorsheresides,underthesameconditionsasnationalsofthatState.欧洲联盟之每个公民，均享有于与其居住地之会员国国民相同条件下，于该国参与欧洲议会议员之选举及被选举权。MembersoftheEuropeanParliamentshallbeelectedbydirectuniversalsuffrageinafreeandsecretballo

54、t.欧洲议会议员应经由普遍、直接、无记名之自由选举方式产生。Article40（第四十条）Righttovoteandtostandasacandidateatmunicipalelections地区选举之选举与被选举权EverycitizenoftheUnionhastherighttovoteandtostandasacandidateatmunicipalelectionsintheMemberStateinwhichheorsheresidesunderthesameconditionsasnationalsofthatState.欧洲联盟之每个公民，均享有于与其居住地之会员国国民相同

55、条件下，于该国参与地区选举及被选举权。Article41（第四十一条）Righttogoodadministration享受良好行政之权利1.Everypersonhastherighttohavehisorheraffairshandledimpartially,fairlyandwithinareasonabletimebytheinstitutionsandbodiesoftheUnion.人人均享有其事务受到欧洲联盟机构及部门之公正、公平与适时处理之权利2.Thisrightincludes:此一权利包括：therightofeverypersontobeheard,beforeany

56、individualmeasurewhichwouldaffecthimorheradverselyistaken;人人均有在受到任何不利益之个别措施前接受通知之权利；therightofeverypersontohaveaccesstohisorherfile,whilerespectingthelegitimateinterestsofconfidentialityandofprofessionalandbusinesssecrecy;人人均有于尊重机密与职业及商业秘密之合法利益下，取得自己所属之个人档案之权利；theobligationoftheadministrationtogiver

57、easonsforitsdecisions.行政机关就行政决定应附理由之义务。EverypersonhastherighttohavetheCommunitymakegoodanydamagecausedbyitsinstitutionsorbyitsservantsintheperformanceoftheirduties,inaccordancewiththegeneralprinciplescommontothelawsoftheMemberStates.人人均有依会员国法律所共同之一般原则要求欧洲共同体就其机构或履行职务之公务员所导致之损害进行补偿或赔偿之权利。Everypersonm

58、aywritetotheinstitutionsoftheUnioninoneofthelanguagesoftheTreatiesandmusthaveananswerinthesamelanguage.人人均得以欧洲联盟条约各条约规定之任一种语言文字函询欧洲联盟之机构，并应获得使用相同语言文字之回复。Article42（第四十二条）Rightofaccesstodocuments取得文件之自由。AnycitizenoftheUnion,andanynaturalorlegalpersonresidingorhavingitsregisteredofficeinaMemberState,ha

59、sarightofaccesstoEuropeanParliament,CouncilandCommissiondocuments.欧洲联盟公民与于一会员国中居住之自然人或登记营业所之法人，均有取得欧洲议会、部长理事会及执委会文件之权利。Article43（第四十三条）Ombudsman监察使AnycitizenoftheUnionandanynaturalorlegalpersonresidingorhavingitsregisteredofficeinaMemberStatehastherighttorefertotheOmbudsmanoftheUnioncasesofmaladmini

60、strationintheactivitiesoftheCommunityinstitutionsorbodies,withtheexceptionoftheCourtofJusticeandtheCourtofFirstInstanceactingintheirjudicialrole.欧洲联盟公民与于一会员国中居住之自然人或登记营业所之法人，均享有就欧洲共同体机构及部门之违法不当行政作为，向欧洲联盟监察使提出申诉之权利，但欧洲法院与初审法院之司法行为不在此限。Article44（第四十四条）Righttopetition请愿权AnycitizenoftheUnionandanynatura