非谓语动词知识点 -1

1、非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念 在句子中不是谓语的动词）非谓语形式有三种：1.动词不定式：to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing（动名词）：doing表示主动和进行3.动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成二、非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下,还有一个动词出现。She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.There have been several new events adde

2、d to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.三、非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式ing形式过去分词不定式ing形式过去分词一般式主动to do被动 to be done主动doing被动 being done done完成式to have doneto have been done having done having been done进行式to be doing四、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动

3、关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常 用done;之后常用to do;同时常用doing。-、作主语 （不定式和动名词作主语）不定式作主语表示具体动作。 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件的事或经验，不定式通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting.To finish the task will take a long time.Smoking is bad for your health.S

4、moking so much is bad for your health.It only took me five minutes to finish the job.1)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk动名词作主语的类型：置于句首Smoking is bad for your health.It 作 形式主语：It is no use telling him not to worry.常见结构：it is dangerous your swi

5、mming here.It is no use asking her advice.It is a waste of time discussing such matters.不定式作主语的类型：置于句首:To finish the task will take a long time.It作形式主语：常见结构：it is +adj.+of/for sb. to doIt is necessary for him to return the book.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.难点1：动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自

6、己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构（这 时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语），动名词的复合结构页可以在句中作主语Their coming to help us was a great encouragement to us.难点2：不定式、动名词的时态和语态It is an honor fbr me to be asked to speak here.It is clever of you to have invented such a device.Being awarded with a Nobel Prize is a great hono

7、r.翻译：,处理这些问题全凭经验。（2009-76）.做户外运动能使我们从工作和生活的压力中摆脱出来并使我们更有活力（2008写作）。（freefrom）.对他们来说从网上购物很方便。（2009写作-shopping online）二作表语1）、不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。如：My job is teaching English.My job is to teach English, （teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的内容）2）、分词作表语：记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语：现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主 语

8、的状态。常用动词：surprising （令人吃惊），surprised （主语）感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite （激动），disappoint （失望），move （感动）等V-ing与Ved作表语的区别The football game is very（bore）We were（bore） at the football game.） She felt rather that she shouldnt drive the car at such aspeed.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frighteni

9、ng, frightenedD. frightened, frightening还可用在seem/ remain （仍然是，尚待）等连系动词后作表语难点：非谓语动词的的时态和语态如： He seemed （to be ） very happy.He seems to have read the book before.The question remains to be solved.It remains whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals（决赛）.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see

10、Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing. but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face.A. Losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lostIn April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuckThe engin

11、e just wont start. Something seems wrong with it.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone三(不定式、动名词)作宾语My sister likes but she doesnt like this afternoon.A. swimming . to swimB. to swim . swimmingC. swimming . to swimmingD. swim . Swimming1、有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语：(教材46页)决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动容许选计划，同意请求帮一

12、帮。2、有些及物动词常用动名词作宾语：(教材49页)考虑建议盼原谅，成认推迟没得想。防止错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。另，动名词也作介词的宾语，构成介词短语，在句中作定语，状语或表语Mans dream of flying in space has come true.接动名词的短语：spend / waste time . in doing sth.在花费或浪费时间或钱have some difficulty /trouble / problems( in )doing 在做 有困难 look forward to 盼望，de vote. to 致力于、献身于，

13、be used to 习 惯于等难点：动名词的时态(1)动名词的一般式(v.ing)表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时或其后发生Children enjoy watching cartoons.Do you remember cutting rice on the farm?(2)动名词的完成式(having-done)表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生He is proud of having won the first prize.I regret having told her the news.动名词的被动语态当动名词逻辑上的主语时动名词所表示的动作对象时，动名词要用它的被动式。(being

14、 done/ having been done)I remember being taken to the zoo.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.Those who felt like the story again came over and added themselves to the audience. (2007-29)A. being heard B. to be heard C. to hearD. hearingNo one likes in public.A. to laugh at

15、B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. to be laughed. The manager is considering another secretary.A. to hireB. hiring C. to take on D. to employAs a new driver, I have to practise the car in my small garage again and again.A. parking B. to parkC. parkedD. parkThe student entered the office without.A

16、. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be asked25. The young man still denies the fire behind the store. (2008-25)A.to start B. to starting C. having started D. having been started39.1 appreciate to your home. (2012-39)A) to have invitedB) to be invited C) having invitedD) being invited25. When I am h

17、aving a nap at noon, I hate by other people(2018-25)A) being disturbedB) being interruptedC) being involvedD) being interfered.I must apologize for ahead of time.Thafs all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remember

18、 to do t己得去做 remember doing t己得做过；forget to do 忘t己去做 forget doing 忘t己做过regret to do遗憾去做regret doing后悔做过try to do设法去做try doing试着做，go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事 go on doing继续做同一件事mean to do打算做mean doing意味着做 stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做cant help (to) do 不能帮助做cant help doing 忍不住做In some parts of London, missi

19、ng a bus means for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waitingShe didnt remember him before. A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having metGo on the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. With D. to be doing4)You were brave enough to raise object

20、ions at the meeting.Well, now I regret that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneDont forget the book to the library when you finish it.A. to return; reading B. to give back; to read C. returning; reading D. returning; to read4、need, want, require需要+do加g (用动词ing主动形式表被动)The classroo

21、m is so dirty that it needs badly. A. clean B. to clean C. being cleaned D. cleaning四、作宾语补足语1、有些及物动词后常有不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合结构，这样意义才能完整。(教材47页)如：ask sb to do sth (sb作宾语，to do sth作宾补，宾语+宾补=复合宾语)类彳以动词有：tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid (禁止)，warn (警告), rem

22、ind, teach, call on (号召)，would like / love (想要),prefer, wish, expect, hope (不带复合宾语)2.使役动词后(作宾补的非谓语形式)(1)使役动词后接不带to的不定邦let / make / have sb do sth.译成“使某人做某事” “让某人做注：get sb to do sth.使役动词的被动语态常用：be made to do sth.Eg, Though he had often made his little sister, today he was made by his little sister.A.

23、 cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry(2)使役动词后接现在分词/过去分词的区别：have句型： have sb do sth使/让/叫某人干某事have sb/ sth doing使某人某物持续的做某事，have sth done表示两种意义：A.请别人做，而不是主语做；B.意外事故引起的，“使遭受.”Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆在踢足球时，伤 了腿。如： He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer

24、as he had had his watch.A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair（2）Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve I have had my bike,and Fm going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to r

25、epair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairingget句型： get sb to do sth使/让/叫某人干某事get sb/ sth doing使某人/物开始动起来get sth done使某事被做如:He tried to get the car moving. 他尽力让车发动起来make句型：Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear

26、C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard I can make you what I say, but you can9t make yourself in English.A. understand; understand B. understand; understoodC. to understand; understand D. understand; to be understood3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式：感官动词：feel, see, hear, watch, notice ,find （发现），catch（撞见）用

27、法：感官动词+ sb + do / doing / being done/ done （分别表示全过程/正在发生/正在被动进行/被动完成）。I saw her cross the road.I saw her crossing the road.I found this city greatly changed.Ex:They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growingD. to growThe missing boy was last seen near the

28、 river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to playI heard an English song by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.A. being sungB. singingC. singD. to singfind + 宾语 + 宾补（doing / done） , keep + 宾+doing, catch sb + doing （撞见某人在做），smell sb +doing （发觉到某人在做）She found a wallet lying on the

29、 ground. 她发现一只钱包在地上。Both doors were found locked.如：1） He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a pas sager.A. putB. to be putting C . to put D. puttingA cook will immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smokeD. smoked4、with的复合结构： with+宾+宾补（to d

30、o表示将来，doing表示主动和进行，done表示被动 和完成。如：1） The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedThe girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes on the wall.A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixing D. to be fixed3)1 live in the house with its door

31、to the south. A. facing B. faces C. faced D. being facedThey pretended to be working hard all night with their lights.A. burn B. burnt C. burning D. to burnJohn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished5、句型：

32、 It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that-e .可转化为：sb / sth be said / reported/known/believed to have done sth.如： Robert is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying34. - Does Jane still pursue her dream of becoming a movie

33、star?-Im afraid not. She is said the stage already as she got married. (2009-34)A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be leftEX：) Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left.A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C.

34、to call D. calledThey use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.A. being run B. run C. to run D. runningTo learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak5)一Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?Just a minute. Til have Bob you to

35、 your room.A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing6)Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English (improve) in a short period.五、作定语一、三个非谓语动词作定语的区别：(1)不定式作定语：不定式须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。I have a lot of homework to do.Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common aim.*

36、注意：修饰序数词、最高级或the only, the right等词多有动词不定式。He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal.He was the only one to survive the plane crash.当修饰的名词是 ability, chance, attempt, decision, intention, promise 等时，后面常用不定式 1) -The last one pays the meal.-Agreed!A. arrivedB. arriv

37、esC. to arriveD. arriving(2)动名词作定语Reading materialTeaching method现在分词作定语用来修饰名词或代词。单个的分词常放名词前，分词短语常放短语后Boiling waterThe girl standing under the tree.过去分词作定语。单个的分词常放名词前，分词短语常放短语后Boiled waterThe book written by Tom.二、三种形式时态和语态的区别：动作表将来，主动时用to do动作表将来，被动时用 to be done例如：the building to be built next year

38、动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用doing动作正在进行，被动时用 being donethe building being built now动作已完成，表被动时用done；不及物动词 只表动作完成 the building built last year.1) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repairedA great number of students said

39、 they were forced to practise the piano.A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioningThe play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being produced C. to be producedD. having been producedMrs. White showed her students some old maps from the library.A. to

40、 borrowB. to be borrowed C. borrowedD. borrowingI have a lot of readings before the end of this term.A. completingB. to complete C. completedD. being completedEX:25. The commercial center will be the most magnificent one in the city. (2013-25)A) built B) to be built C) be building D) having been bui

41、ltTsinghua University,in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. founding C. foundedD. to be founded3)The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selecting B. to selectC. selectedD. having selectedIm calling to enquire about the

42、position in yesterday*s China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertisingD. having advertised翻译：我被来自赵先生家的噪声惹恼(be annoyed by)。2011-a letter of complaint. Im writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a managerial assistant.六、作状语(一)不定式作状语不定式作目的、原因、结果状语目的： eg. She had to s