定于从句关键补偿学案

1、 【自主探究一】限制性、非限制性定语从句当定语从句中有“如同”那样”的含义时，用as比用 which更常见。定语从句重难、薄弱点强化学与练定语从句回顾定语从句的基本用法限制性定从的基本用法作用：起限定作用，不可省，使句意不完整。位置：位于先行词之后，不用逗号。翻译：用形容词的形式去翻译。修饰：先行词。Eg: He has two sisters who are working in the city.（他有两个在城市里工作的妹妹。）非限制性定从a.作用:起补充说明，可省。b.位置:位于先行词之后，用逗号隔开。c.翻译:译成两个并列句。Eg: He has two sisters , who a

2、re working in the city.（他有两个妹妹，都在城市里工作。）不能用“ that引导非限制性定从。修饰：先行词或整个句子。（which可指代整个句子）Eg: He missed the show, which was a great pity.（他错过了那个节目，真是太遗憾了。）表达先行词部分或全部的数量的结构为：先行词为人： some/all + of +whom先行词为物：some/all + of +whichEg: Here are the questions , some of which I thought are very easy.1 限制性定语从句与非限制性

3、定语从句的比较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切（删除之后影响整个句子的表达）和先行词关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删除后不影响这个句子意思的表达）不用逗号分开一般用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词引导That,who,which等关系代词在从句中当宾语时可以省略关系代词不可以省略可以代替（whom做宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能代替只可以修饰先仃词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句有逗号分开。关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。（1） which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于

4、先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后eg正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用As he realized, I was very useful to him.空气，众所周知，是一种气体Air, as we kno w, is a gas.他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。He was a foreig ner, as I know form his acce nt.他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气He came late again, which made his boss angry.（2）当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用whic

5、h ;Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can bear.事与愿违，这是常有的事Things will turn out contrary to on ewishes, as is often the case.“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as.Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存There is a great deal of oxyge n around us, without which we could not live.引导限制性定语从句时

6、 which与as的区别定语从句前面有 such, as, the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as不用 which.Eg所需要的字典有许多都有了There are as many dict ion aries as n eeded.他讲的那些故事我从没听过I have n ever heard such stories as he tells.我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困境We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.总之，可以从下列6点来阐述：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从

7、句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live Ion ger. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义）His daughter, who is in Bost on no w, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星

8、期回来。（若把从句去句子意义仍然完整）区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stole n.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。I ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.我邀请了吉姆， 他就住在 隔壁。区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor.我有一个医生的姐姐。（姐姐不止一个）I have a sister, who is a doctor.我有一个姐姐，她是当医生

9、的。（只有一个姐姐）区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危 险的。（which 指 drive too fast）He cha nged his mi nd, which made me very an gry. 他改变了主意， 这 使我很生气。（which指整个主句）Mr. Smith, who

10、 is our boss, will leave for Japa n n ext week.我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。（先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）Her father, who has a lot of mon ey, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。（先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰）区别六：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制 性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。【巩固练习一】非限定性定

11、语从句练习题The placein terested me most was the Childre ns Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in whichDo you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spokeThis is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayedDo you

12、know the yearthe Chin ese Commu nist Party wasfoun ded?A. which B. thatC. whe nD. on whichThat is the dayril n ever forget.A. which B. on whichC. i n whichD. whe nThe factorywell visit n ext week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. i n whichGreat cha nges have take n place since th

13、e n in the factorywe are work ing.A. where B. thatC. which D. thereThis is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this yearB. that have show nC. that has bee n show n this yearD. that you talkedCan you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that y

14、ou talkedD. that you talkedThe penhe is writ ing is mine.A. with which B. i n which C. on which D. by whichThey arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. thatThe engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.lt t

15、here anyone in your classfamily is in the coun try?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.1m in terested inyou have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. whichwant to use the same dict ionarywas used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. asHe isnt such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. asHe

16、is good at En glish,we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. whatLi Ming,to the con cert enjo yed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.l wentwith him19dont likeas you read.A. the no vels B. the such no vels C. such no vels D. same no velsHe talked a lot about thi ngs and

17、pers onstheyremembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. whatThe letter is from my sister,is worki ng in Beiji ng.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22n our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofarewome n.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only pers onIve ever metcould do it.A.

18、who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24lost a book,I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,Han gzhou isfamous in the world.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26have bought such a watchwas advertised on TV.A.

19、 that B. which C. as D. it27can n ever forget the daywe worked together and thedaywe spe nt together.A. whe n; which B. which; whe n C. what; that D. on which; whe nThe wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./This is the reas onhe did nt come to the meet ing.A. i n which B. wit

20、h which C. that D. for whichThis mach ine,for many years, is still worki ng perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked afterThe reas onhe did nt come washe was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;whatHe is work

21、i ng hard,will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.whoThat is not the wayI do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with whichhave two grammars,are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of whichwant to use the same toolsused in your factory a fewdays ag

22、o.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. whichMy n eigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. itThis is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from whichHe is not such a manwould leave his work half done.A. that B

23、. which C. who D. asYou can depe nd on whatever promisehe makes.A. / B. why C. whe n D. whoseSmok ing,is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though Did you ask the guardhappe ned?Yes, he told me allhe kn ew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; thatI shall n ev

24、er forget those yearsI lived on the farm withthe farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. whe n; who B. that; which C. which; that D. whe n; whichThe nu mber of the people whocarsin creas ing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; areDuring the days, he worked as a serva nt at the Brow ns.A. fo

25、llowed B. followi ng C. to follow D. that followedIs oxyge n the only gashelps fire bur n?A. that B. / C. which D. itThe clever boy made a hole in the wall,he could seewas going on in side house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D.what; thatIssome Germa n frie nds visited l

26、ast week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this schoolwhereJoh n got beate n in the game,had bee n expected.A. as B. that C. what D. whoI have bought two ballpe ns,writes well.A. none of them B. n either of them C. n either of which D. none ofwhichAll that can be eate neate n u

27、p.A. are being B. has bee n C. had bee n D. have bee n【自主探究二】【巩固练习二】关系副词/介词+关系代词/关系代词与whose练习一.填上适当的 关系副词 when/where/why,并把它写用两个 简单句，注意介词的选择。It is a place _where_ an astronaut works and lives句 1: It is a place .句2： An astronaut works and livesin the placeIt was the dayI was sent into the sky句1: 句2:

28、Can you tell me the reasonyou are takingpictures?句1： 句2: Do you remember the daywe left you in charge?句1: 句2: I often think of the momentI saw the UFO.句1: 句2: The police searched thdnousehe thief had stayed.句1: 句2: Is Shanghai thecityhe was born?句1: 句2: I don t know theasonhe house is so dirty.句1: 句

29、2: The study is the placeI ofte n have talks with my father.句1: 句2: 二.填上适当的关系代词 which/whom，然后介词还原至原来位 置，并找出先行词写在横线上，再写成两个简单句，如。例： This is the question about _which_ weve had so much discussi on.还原： This is the question which we vehad so much discussion about.先行词：the question句 1: This is the question

30、.句2: we ve had so much discussion about the question.He is the man aboutI told you yesterday.还原：先行词：句1: 句2: The woma n toI spoke is a teacher.还原：先行词：句1: 句2: s this the house inhe was born?还原：先行词：句1: 句2: The pers on toyou should write is Mr. Ball.还原：先行词：句1: 句2: The games in he took part were swimming

31、 andshooti ng.还原：先行词：句1: 句2: 三.填上适当的介词。Have you met the pers onwhom he was speak ing?He is the manwhom you should give your tha nks.The farm which we worked ten years ago isn what itused to be.This is the treewhich we used to play games.His penwhich he is writi ng now was bought yesterday.The gaswhi

32、ch we can not live is called oxyge n.The pen cilwhich he wrote was broke n.He built a telescopewhich he could study the skies.The woma n,whom I lear ned the n ews, is a nu rse.The wolfwhich the sheep was killed was shot.She has three childre n, allwhom are at school.There is a tall tree outside,whic

33、h sta nds our teacher.My glasses,which I was like a blind man, fell to theground and broke.In the dark street, there wasn a personwhom shecould tur n for help.I was surprised at the waywhich he treated the oldman.The agewhich childre n can go to school is seve n.His bikewhich he went to work was sto

34、le n last ni ght.Do you know the build ingwhich is flying a red flag?Ours is a beautiful school,which we are proud.The deskwhich Jack is leaning is John s.He bought a book yesterday, the authorwhich is ateacher.填上适当的 介词+which/whom。The bookI heard was writte n twenty years ago.The peoplethe man spoke

35、 weren t listening.The filmI fell asleep was very bori ng.The penshe wrote that book can now be see n in amuseum.The little creaturescie ntists are in terested is known asET.The gunhe was shot was n ever found.用关系词 which/that, why, where, when 或者介词 + which /whom.填空。Han gzhou is the placeI went last

36、summer.He read the bookhis sister had told him about.The reas onPeter is so happy is that he passed theexam.I remember the daymy father died. I was only tenyears old at that time.Please give me the reas onyou were late this time.I will go back to the placeI grew up andlive there forever.六.Whose：它既可以

37、修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先 行词。关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即：Whose+名词=the+ 名词 + of which/ whom=of which/whom the+ 名词把两个句子写成用含有关系代词 whose引导的定语从句，并再写出另外两种形式.例: Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi an.=Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi an?=Do you know anyone of whom the family is in Xi an?=Do you know anyone th

38、e family of whom is in Xi an?The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.2.live in the room. / The window of it is broken.The chair has bee n repaired. / The leg of it was broke n.写出另外两种形式That is the house whose roof was blown off by the strong wind.Do you know who is living in the house

39、 whose windows face south?There are many people whose only on-I ine activity is sending and recei ving e-mails.The year before last, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still sufferi ngAre you the man whose bicycle was stole n?Just like a voyage at sea, our

40、 life journey, whose days are limited , is full of difficulties.His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor七关系代词必须用that的例句：There is nothing that I can do.I have read all the books that you gave meThis is the best novel thatl have ever read.This is the very book that I want to fi

41、nd.They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.What did you hear that made you so angry?He is no Ion ger the man that he used to_be.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.Now you can see the two that are still alive.【自主探究三】As引导的定语从句一、As引导限制性定从as作关系代词，可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语和

42、宾语。固定搭配:such as （例如,象这样）,as.as和.一样）,the same as （与.相同）Eg: Such people as had made great contributions should be respected.（主语）Eg: You can take as many books as you need.（宾语）二、As引导的非限定性定从句用法：表达说话人的观点/看法.位置：可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。as在从句中作主语时，只作系动词的主语。Eg: As we all know, China is a developing country.Eg: He married her, as was natural.