Indicators-for-poverty-reduction-脱贫指标选择及课件

1、Nutrition as indicator for poverty reduction将营养纳入脱贫指标Chen Chunming 陈春明Nutrition Surveillance TeamChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition is essential to the first goal of MDG-eradicate poverty and hunger 营养对实现千年发展目标第一目标消除贫困与饥饥饿的意义 Income poverty and non-income poverty 收入贫困与非收入贫困C

2、hange of nutritional status of poor rural during 1990-2000 1990至2002年中国贫困地区营养状况的变化Nutrition assessment on poverty alleviation 脱贫的营养评价Nutrition is essential to poverty reduction营养对消除贫困的意义 Malnutrition slows economic growth: 1.Direct losses in productivity due to poor physical status, 2.Indirect losse

3、s due to poor cognitive function 3.Losses due to increased health care cost营养不良造成经济增长减慢来自: 1 体格发育不足造成劳动生产率降低的直接损失 2 认知功能差造成的间接损失 3 医疗开支增加的损失 Evidences 证据1% height deficit due to early childhood stunting causes 1.4% productivity reduction in adult life 由于儿童早期生长迟缓造成得成年身高矮1，可降低劳动生产率1.4Eradication of an

4、emia in adults can increase productivity 5-17% 消除成人贫血可增加劳动生产率5-7%Low birth weight children loss IQ 5 points 低出生体重儿童损失智商5分Stunted children loss IQ 5-11 points 生长迟缓儿童可损失智商5-11分Iron deficiency anemia children loss IQ 8 points 缺铁性贫血儿童可损失智商8分Iodine deficiency disorder children loss 10-15 points 碘缺乏儿童可损失智

5、商10-15分Fetal under-nutrition and malnutrition under age of 2 cause increased chronic disease risk, such as hypertension, diabetes and CHD risk in adult life 胚胎至2岁期间的营养不良可导致成年高血压、糖尿病和冠心病的危险增加Impact of 10 points IQ loss丢失10分智商的影响高能力High capacity populationImpact of 10 points IQ loss丢失10分智商的影响低能力Low ca

6、pacitypopulation Target for poverty reduction扶贫目标MDG target for poverty reduction includes income poverty and non-income poverty 千年发展目标的减贫目标包括收入贫困和非收入贫困 Even target of income poverty reduction may be achieved, the non-income poverty target could be far lag behind 即使降低收入贫困目标达到，非收入贫困目 标的降低还可能远远滞后Non-i

7、ncome poverty includes nutrition, human development and human capital formulation, under nutrition is strongly linked to income poverty 非收入贫困包括营养、人才发展和人力资本，营养不良对收入贫困有很大影响Income poverty收入贫困Low food Frequent Hard Frequent Large Intake infection physical pregnancies families labor 食物不足 频繁感染 重体力劳动 频繁妊娠

8、大家庭 Malnutrition 营养不良Direct loss in Indirect loss in Loss in resourcesProductivity from productivity from from increasedpoor physical poor cognitive health care costs status development & of ill health体格发育不足带来 schooling 疾病造成医疗开支增加劳动生产率降低 智力发育及入学问题 带来间接劳动生产率 下降Change of nutrition status of rural Chin

9、a (1) Food security achieved, dietary pattern of rural residents shifted positively 食物保障已解决，膳食结果趋于合理 Achieved food security食物保障: Energy intake 能量摄入 2300 Kcal /day Shift of dietary pattern膳食模式转变: ( Energy share of CHO and fat ) Rural - getting better 谷类供能比Cereals to 61.5% 脂肪供能比Fat to 27.5% 动物性食物供能比An

10、imal food 4.5%pt. % of Energyshare Year Urban Rural Fat 199228.4 18.6200235.027.5Cereals199257.471.7200248.561.5Animal food 199215.26.2200217.610.7Changes in Dietary Intake: 2002 vs.1992 (2) The situation of poor rural household贫困农户的膳食情况Year% of poor households贫困户Energy intake Kcal/day能量摄入% RDA达到推荐量

11、Energy share from cereals %谷类供能比19954.12003837619982.51864787920002.720348585The existing poor population is even harder in terms of dietary quality. 目前仍处于贫困的农户膳食质量更差(3) Comparison of poor rural (PR) w general rural (G)贫困农村与一般农村比较5岁以下儿童营养不良患病率% (2000) Underweight Stunting 低体重率 生长迟缓率地区 B男 G女 Total B男

12、 G女 Total 农村R 13.2 14.7 13.8 20.0 20.7 20.3 ( 9.2 9.3 9.3) (17.7 16.8 17.3) 一般G 9.1 11.4 10.1 14.3 15.3 14.8 较贫困P 20.8 20.8 20.8 30.5 30.7 30.6 (13.8 15.0 14.4) (29.4 29.3 29.3) 全国N 10.7 11.8 11.4 15.7 16.2 16.0 ( 7.8 7.8 7.8) (14.8 13.8 14.3)* 红 色-2002(4) Changes of Prevalence of Malnutrition durin

13、g 1990-2002 1990-2002儿童营养不良率的变化 Underweight% Stunting% 低体重率 生长迟缓率 Urban Rural National Urban Rural National 城市 农村 全国 城市 农村 全国 * 1990 8.0 22.6 20.0 9.4 41.4 35.0 * 1995 4.6 17.8 14.4 8.9 39.1 31.6 1998 2.7 12.6 9.6 4.1 22.6 16.7 2000 3.4 13.8 11.4 2.9 20.3 16.0 2002 3.1 9.3 7.8 4.9 17.3 14.3(5) Compa

14、rison of western with Eastern Malnutrition of children under 5东西部比较 5岁以下儿童营养不良患病率 West 西部 East 东部1998Underweight低体重% 19.0 9.1 P0.001Stunting生长迟缓% 31.3 17.2 P0.001 2000 Underweight 低体重% 21.6 9.6 P0.001 *13.8Stunting 生长迟缓 % 30.8 14.5 P2100/person/day 能量摄入2100 2.Cereal energy share 75% of total energy

15、intake 谷类食品供能比75% 3.Prevalence of stunting of children aged 3 3岁儿童生长迟缓率 Background information for the recommendation建议依据 1Population with energy intake 1500 kcal/day or protein intake 50g/day: 人均能量摄入低于1500千卡或蛋白质摄入低于50克的人群: Risk of chronic hepatitis is higher than that of population with intakes ove

16、r this level, RR=1.46 and 1.45 repectively. Attributalbel Risk is 32.4% and 31.0% 其慢性肝炎的患病率高于摄入水平在此值之上的人群， 其相对危险度分别为1.48和1.45 归因危险度分别为32.4%和 31.0% Energy/protein intake & cereals energy share of rural households不同收入农村住户热能、蛋白质和谷类热能比Income of households最低5%Lowest10%(6%-9%)15%(10 -14 %)20%(15-20%)1998年

17、 能量摄入 kcal Energy18551988(2118)2074(2245)2119(2256) 蛋白质 g Protein56.859.0 (61.1)60.8 (64.4)62.2 (66.4) 谷类热能比%Cereal energy %77.074.3(71.7)73.2(70.9)72.7(71.7)Income of households最低5%Lowest10%(6%-9%)15%(10 -14 %)20%(15-20%)2000年 能量摄入kcal Energy intake17501788(1825)1880(2065)1896(1943) 蛋白质摄入,g Protein44.947.1 (49.3)50.6 (57.5)51.9 (55.9) 谷类热能比%Cereal energy share%8582.1(79.4)80.5 (