骨骼肌肉系统：软组织贴扎技术

1、Taping Technique 软组织贴扎技术Introduction软组织贴扎技术：一种将胶布贴于体表以达到保护肌肉骨骼系统、促进运动功能的非侵入性治疗技术。常用于各类运动损伤的处理、神经康复和美容等领域。肌内效贴（Kinesio taping）：具有弹性，可改善局部血流、促进淋巴回流、消除软组织肿胀及疼痛，增加感觉输入，放松软组织或促进软组织功能活动等。且在支撑及稳定肌肉与关节的同时又不妨碍身体的正常活动。白贴（white athlete taping）：弹性差，固定效果佳。贴扎目的为固定关节位置及限制软组织的活动，使软组织在稳定的状况下进行修复。抑制肌肉收缩及减少关节活动、减少炎症渗出

2、、减轻疼痛。KT-肌内效贴What is Kinesio tapeKinesio tape is originated in Japan in 1970Tape is constructed of 100% cotton and elastic fibers Tape is applied to substrate paper(背纸) with 10% stretch Thickness and weight of tape are similar to skinLatex free 不含乳胶Available to medical professionals and patientsOrig

3、inal K-Tape had 4 colors：cyan , magenta, beige, and black.3 - 5 days with good skin toleranceRemove if itching, burning, or painColor TheoryNo difference in the structure and properties of different color tapeThe color has been adopted as an additional positive effect(额外效应)Red color Activating (Faci

4、litation)促进Blue color Calming (Inhibition)抑制Black color Neutral 中立Basic functions and effectsof K-Taping1. Improvement of muscle function2. Elimination of circulatory impairments3. Pain reduction4. Support of joint functions1. Improvement of muscle functionApplication in muscle injuriesApplication i

5、n hypertonus/myogelosis（高张力）Application in muscle shortening（肌肉短缩）Application in hypotonus/flaccidity（低张力）Application in malfunctioning muscle activation（激活失功能肌肉）Effect of muscle taping： Change in tonus & Support of muscle control （肌肉控制） 2. Elimination of circulatory impairmentsOptimizes interstitia

6、l lymphatic fluid flow （淋巴液回流）Enhances fluid exchange between tissue layers（促进组织液交换） Reduces edema and pain （肿胀与疼痛）Equalizes temperatureLifts the skin, causing convolutions（上提皮肤形成皱褶）Creates channels of low pressure in congested areas（形成低压通道）Decreases painAssists return to homeostasis（动态平衡）3. Pain re

7、ductionCompressive forces may stimulate mechanoreceptors(机械感受器)Decompression forces may decrease inflammation（炎症） and unload mechanoreceptors4.Support of joint functionsThe joint functions can be supported using differentK-Tape applications. By influencing the muscle tone（肌张力）, imbalances can be cor

8、rected and balance restored to the muscle groupE.g. Subacromial impingement syndrome（肩峰撞击征）ContraindicationsActive malignancy site （恶性肿瘤）Active cellulitis or skin infection（蜂窝组织炎或皮肤感染）Open wounds （伤口）DVT（深静脉血栓）PrecautionsDiabetes （糖尿病）Kidney Disease （肾病）Congestive heart failure （充血性心力衰竭）Fragile or h

9、ealing skin（虚弱或皮肤愈合期）Pregnancy （孕妇）Tension percentage guidelinesDifferent forms in applying of KTI-tapeY-tapeX-tapeFan tapeO-tapeI-tape引导筋膜、促进肌肉收缩及支持软组织。针对痛点，促进循坏及代谢。提供最大的固定效果，用于韧带和肌腱。Y-tape调节肌肉张力，促进循环代谢，适用于放松紧绷的肌肉，促进协同肌收缩，引流效果比I-tape 好。X-tape促进固定点位置的血液及淋巴循环。有效止痛。又名痛点提高贴。Fan tape引导淋巴液回流至固定点，可改善组织液滞留

10、。尾端贴布需包裹水肿肢体或血液淤积的局部区域，或以重叠交叉的网状贴扎强化引流效果。O-tape两端为固定端，固稳定效果好，中段可维持肌肉张力及促进循环代谢，减少软组织因长期固定而导致的废用性萎缩。适用于骨折后及软组织损伤后。Paper removalRoll methodPaper removalTear methodRemoval of KTRoll methodRemove in direction of hair growthRoll tape off using base of hand to brush/pat skin gently to reduce discomfortRemo

11、val of KTPressure methodPull edge of tape away from skinPlace index finger against tape with downward/inward pressurePull tape up and away with moderate to high tensionWhile maintaining index finger pressure as tape in removedRemoval of KTSkin from tape methodPull skin back from tapeTape may be remo

12、ved while bathingSoap, hand lotion or oil may be applied to tape to break adhesive bonds comfortablyThe Four Application TechniquesMuscle applicationsLigament applicationsCorrective applications Lymphatic applicationsMuscle applicationsK-Taping can effect increased or decreased tonus.Tonus-increasin

13、g applications are affixed frompunctum fixum (fixed end) 固定端 to punctum mobile (mobile end)移动端Tonus-decreasing applications from punctum mobile (mobile end) topunctum fixum (fixed end).10% tape tensionPre-stretched position预牵伸I- and Y-tapes are predominantly used.In accordance with color theory, ton

14、us-increasingapplications are affixed using red tape (red = activating effect). Tonus-decreasing applications are affixed using blue tape (blue = calming effect). StepsMeasure the required tape strips on the patient with the muscles in the elongated position (. Fig. 2.1a)在肌肉伸展位测量所需要的贴布长度If necessary

15、, cut the tape strips into the appropriate form (e. g. Y-tape)Cut the corners at the tape ends into a rounded formPlace the patient in the resting position Affix the base (. Fig. 2.1b)Place the patient in position for the necessary muscle elongationThe therapist affixes the base with one hand and th

16、en positions the skin (Fig. 2.1c)Affix the tape strips with the other hand along the course of the muscle with 10% stretchRub the affixed tape strips while the muscle is elongatedLigament applicationsLigament applications are used for injuries and overloading of ligaments and tendons. Maximum tape s

17、tretch. 最大张力贴For ligament applications, the respective joint is positioned so that it is in a state of tension.关节保持在张力位For tendon applications, themuscles are maximally elongated肌肉保持在最长状态 For ligament applications, It should be noted that the joint must be placed in a position to achieve maximum ski

18、n stretching beforehand in order to ensure that there is no force effect on the tape ends during movement. In this way, the respective bases remain tension-free during maximum movement.For tendon applications , an unstretched base is first affixed over the osseous insertion point. The joint to be tr

19、eated is subsequently placed in the stretched position. Finally, the tape is affixed with maximum tension over the tendon structure. The tape end is affixed without tension over the musculature. Steps of the application for ligamentsPosition the joint so that the ligament is in a state of tension.位置

20、摆放Measure the tape from insertion to insertion(. Fig. 2.4a)测量长度Cut the tape strips and round the edges 裁角Tear the backing paper down the middle and remove up to the width required for the respective bases at the ends of the tape撕纸至相应长度Apply maximum stretch to the tape and affix en blocover the ligam

21、ent structure (. Fig. 2.4b)最大牵伸Position the joint so there is maximum skin tautness(. Fig. 2.4c)皮肤最长Remove backing paper and affix the tape ends(. Fig. 2.4d)下锚固定Steps of the application for tendonsMuscles and consequently tendons are elongated; if the patient is not able to achieve this position alo

22、ne, the therapist supports the movement without causing pain 肌肉伸长位Measure the tape in the elongated position from insertion to muscle-tendon junction (. Fig. 2.6a)测量长度Cut the tape strips and round the corners 裁角Bring the muscle into the resting position and affix the tape base at the insertion point

23、 (. Fig. 2.6b) 休息位止点下锚Place the muscle in the pre-stretched position 肌肉伸长位The therapist affixes the base with one hand and displaces the skin (. Fig. 2.6c)Affix the tape with maximum tension along the course of the tendon up to the muscle-tendon junction 最大张力覆盖肌腱Affix the tape ends without tension o

24、ver the musculature 无张力下锚Rub the application in the elongated muscle position Fig. 2.6. a Measure the tape in the elongated position, b affix the base in the resting position, c affix the tape in the elongated position,d completed tendon applicationCorrective applicationsUsed for osseous misalignmen

25、ts, e.g. patella misalignment, and brings about a position shift of the osseous structure. 骨性对线不良Maximum pre-stretching of the tape 采用最大张力贴Anchor the base and skin displacement firmly.The correction via the tape strips runs towards the base. 向固定点矫正Y-tapes are predominantly used for functional correc

26、tion, but I-tapes are also possible.Y型贴最常用Used for adhesions in muscle fibers and bring about a loosening of the fascia as well as pain reduction.肌肉纤维粘连、松解筋膜、缓解疼痛The patient is in the resting position. 放松体位The rhythmic pulling technique is possible up to maximum stretch, but the limits of the struct

27、ure must always be consideredThe base is not fixed.The tail strips are fixed simultaneously. 同时粘贴两条尾条The correction runs in the direction of tension of the tape strips.Y-tape is used for the corrective fascia application.Functional correction is also possible using I-tape.functional correctionfascia

28、 correctionSteps of corrective functional applicationMeasure the tape over the structure to be corrected测量长度Cut the tape strips and round off the corners 裁角Tape 1: Affix the base in the relaxed position(. Fig. 2.10a)下锚Anchor the base and displace the skin maximally towards the desired correction牵伸皮肤

29、Affix tail strip 1 with maximum tension over the structure to be corrected第一条最大张力Affix the tape end (tail strip 2) unstretched with the joint maximally stretched or in the pre-stretched position (. Fig. 2.10b)尾端无张力，牵伸位贴扎Tape 2: Affix tail strip 1 with maximum tension over the structure to be correct

30、ed in the upward movement position 第一条最大张力贴扎，Affix tape end (tail strip 1) unstretched with the joint maximally stretched or in the pre-stretched position 第一条尾端无张力，在关节最大伸展位Affix tail strip 2 without stretch over the patella with the knee bent maximally (. Fig. 2.10c)第二条无张力，最大屈膝位Rub the application i

31、n the pre-stretched position. Fig. 2.10. a Anchor the base of tape 1 and affix the first tail strip, b affix the second tail strip in the upward movement position, c tape 2,affix the first tail strip in the upward movement position, d completed corrective patella application in the resting positionS

32、teps of the corrective fascia applicationTest the fascia displaceability.Measure the tape in the resting position and cut theY-tape (corners rounded) (. Fig. 2.12a)Affix the base below the pain pointRhythmically pull the tail strips up to the thresholdstate, thereby displacing the base (. Fig. 2.12b

33、)Affix the tail strips while retaining the tension(. Fig. 2.12c)Affix the tension-free tape ends.Fix. 2.12. a Measure the tape at right angles to the direction of themuscle direction, b rhythmically pull tail tapes, c affix the stretched tail tapes; the tension-free ends are not yet affixed, d compl

34、eted corrective fascia application using two Y-tapes Lymphatic applicationsThe lymphatic application is affixed with 25% tension in the tape.The patient is in the pre-stretched position.Exclusively fan tapes are used.Steps of lymphatic applicationswith a common base:Measure the required tape strips with the affected partin the elongated positionCut the tape strip longitudinally into 4 equal stripsRound the corners of the tape ends with scissorsPlace the patient in a the resting positionAffix the base (. Fig. 2.15a)Completely remove the tape backing and lightly affix the endsPlace the pati