名词,冠词,数词,代词,介词知识点整理

1、名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A 不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ;orange。吉汁）；fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paperg氏）；time（时间）；music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish（i.肉）；coke ; porridge ; cake付数或不可数）.不可数名词应注意 以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2）表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of或用of短语eg.

2、 There is bread on the table. CA. a B. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is some on the plate. BA. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildren policemanpolicemenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmenfootfeet ; tooth teeth mouse（鼠）miceB、规则变化s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es k 读i

3、zce; se; ze; （d）ge 结尾力口 J seg. boxes b ksjz blouses blauzjz3）f （fe）结尾则变 f（fe）为 v 加 es-读vz eg. knives naivz4）辅+y结尾变y为i加es清就清s5）一般加sJ 浊就浊zeg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz 但注意以下几点：potato potatoes ; tomatotomatoes单复同形:fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应M两部分都变成复数 man doctor

4、 men doctorsreefreefs“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg. German-Germans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念The police are looking for the missingboy.3、名词所有格：名词文思是的”）A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“ s”但注意：1）表两者共有则在后者加“ s”Lucy and Lily s fathe评口莉莉的父亲Lucy s and Lily SifOthesi亲和莉莉的父亲2)以s结尾的词只加“eg. 1) the boys b20 Jimes fOther3)无生命的

5、名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my father s a friend of mine ( V ) a friend of my( x )练 习、写出下列词的复数1.book2.bus3.orange4.baby5.boy6.my7.his8.knife9.watch10.sheep 11. tooth 12. leaf13.German14.Chinese二、选择正确的答案一()1. Are those?-No, they aren t. They re.A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC

6、. sheeps ; cowD. sheeps ; cows()2.Mum, I m quite thirsty. Please give me.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges()3.I have gotnews from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece ofD. two pieces()4.room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and

7、 Lily B. Lucy and Lily sC. Lucy s and Lily D. Lucy s and Lily s ()5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minute s walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk()6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr. James D. James Green()7.Jack and

8、Tom are.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend()8.It s only about ten walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minute s C. minutes D. minute()9.He often has for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green h

9、as two . They re very bright.A. childs B. child C. children s D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim s A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two month s holidays( )12.I won t go there with you, for I have a lot of to do.A. works B. jobC. work D. working(

10、)13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sisterB. my sister sC. me sisterD. my sister of( )14.Have you read ?A. today s B. today paperC. the today s papDer. today s paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many have been built in our city since 1987.A. factorysB. fa

11、ctoriesC. factoryesD. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices ( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothe

12、s( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman s teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs 练习答案：1. books 2. buses 3. oranges4. babies 5. boys 6. our7. their 8. knives 9. watches10. sheep 11. teeth

13、 12. leaves13. Germans 14. Chinese15 ABCBD6 10 AACCD11 15 CCBDA 16 21 BCBCAC初中英语复习专辑（2）冠词1、不定冠词a, ana 用在辅音音素开头的词前eg. a booka useful book a u ju:sfulju:an用于元音开头的词前.eg. an applean houran F”au ef2、定冠词the1)特指某人/某物 The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数

14、词前The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用 the) He is my first English teacher.4)the +姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。the Greens格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的 冠词.表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)He went to school after he hada quick breakfast.play

15、the violin / piano 练 习()1.There iss in word “bus” .A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a()2.Maths is useful subject. You can t drop it , I think.A. an B. a C. the D. / ()3.bad weather it is!A. How B. What a C. How a D. What()4. What color is orange?-It s orange.A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D.

16、 / ; an ()5.Mr. Li is old worker.A. an B. a C. some D. /()6.Look at picture! There s house in it.A. a ; aB. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a()7.One morning he found handbag. There wass on the corner ofhandbag.A. a ; an ; theB. a ; a ; theC. a ; a ; aD. the ; an ; a()8.What interesting story it is!A. a

17、 B. an C. the D. /( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class.A. a B. an C. / D. the ( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him.A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes. TOC o 1-5 h z A. theB. aC. anD. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writ

18、ing songs.A. aB. anC. theD. /( )13.Don t read .A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )14.Smith is honest man.A. a B. the C. an D. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000.A. / B. an C. the D. a()16.What s 晰.子”A. EnglishB. an EnglishC. the EnglishD. any English( )17.Mary is _ clevere

19、r of the two girls.A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18.young must look after _ old.A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of planets.A. The ; sun s B. The ; the sunC. The ; the sun s D. The ; the suns ( )20.Tokyo is _.A. the capital of Japan B. capital of JapanC. Japan capital D

20、. a capital of Japantable tennis()21.Kate sometimes plays violin小提琴)and sometimes playsbefore supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /()22. -Have you seen pencil? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a( )23.There isorange tree be

21、hindhouse.A. an ; the B. a ; a C. the ; the D. an ; /( )24. How long did you stay there ?-About half _ hour.A. / B. one练习题答案：1 5 BBDCA11 15 ADACD21 24 BDADC. a D. an6 10 DABDB16 20 AABCA初中英语专辑（3）代词（一）指示代词：this , that, these , those. this , that 一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不 与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。that apple (

22、V)that meat ( x)in Guangzhou.The weatherin Sichuanisnotso hot as that（二）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格，作宾语为宾格；介+宾格）eg. 1）I thank you2）You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变（mymine）; 二留（his his its-its）三力口 s（youryours ; ourours ; her hers ; theirtheirs）用法：有名不名，无名是名单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfours

23、elveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自eg. This is(我的) book. This book is(我的).my ; mine反身代词的常见搭配：l.enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快.hurt oneself 伤着 自己.teach oneself = learn by oneself.(all) by oneself (完全)独立地.help oneself to 请自便;随便吃.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下lose oneself

24、in 陶醉于一； 沉浸于（三）不定代词1）some 与 any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问 句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头）m many + 可数 =a lot of :许多I much +不可数(但a lot of不能用于否定句)few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可数few（几乎没有）a few（几个；一些）不可 数little（ 几乎没有）a little（ 一点儿少 许）few little.The story is easy to read. There are new

25、words in it.Hurry up! There is time left.everyone / anyone 不力口 ofno one 不力口 o, none of ()of us wants to read the book. BA. EveryoneB. Every oneC. NobodyD. No oneother ,another , others复数单数泛 指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othe rsome- other s特 指one the other一个.另一个the others =theother+复名（另外的人或物）.We study subje

26、cts besides Chinese.May I have apple ?.These cups are clean.are dirty.I have two pens. One is red ,is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others另外注意j one another（三者以上的）相互1 each other（两者的）相互We should learn from each other晚明 we 指两个人）They help one another蜕明they 指三个人以上）6）二者与三者复数单数单数二者both（者B）neither（者

27、B 不）either（任何一 个）三者all（者B）none（都不）any（任何一个）汪忠：.bolh*S定 neitherall 否定 none.both, all不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither, none作主语为单数, 但 none of + 复名,neither of + 复名（）1.of my parents is a teacher. BA. None B. Neither C. Both D. All（）2.There are many trees on side of the river.CA. both B. any C. either D. allev

28、ery one / any one _of 17）each:（二者以上的）每个一一4主、宾、定）；e every:（三者以上的）每个只作定语）.student in the class likes English.of the students studied hard.Every ; Each练 习（）1.office is much smaller than.A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our（）2. Help to some meat. my uncle said to me .A. themselves B. yourself C

29、. yourselves（）3. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers andare women teachers.A. others B. the others C. another( )4.There isn t papeer ibnotxh. Will you go and get for me ?A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any( )5.There are many trees on _ sides of the street.A.

30、both B. allC. each( )6._ of them has a dictionary and one of them can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every( )7.“ When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?”“ I don t mind. time is OK.A. EitherB. Every C. Neither( )8.Would you like _ cup of tea?A. other B. the other

31、C. another( )9.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot .A. other everything B. anything elseC. everything else.( )10.of his parents is a teacher.A. Both B. Neither C. None( )11.The river is very dirty. people go to swim in it.A. Few B. A few C. Little( )12.A friend of came

32、 to see yesterday.A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; him( )13.Youcan t leave yourbaby by _athome.A. herselfB. himselfC. itself( )14. Myfather is very busy withhis work.Hehas _ time to have a rest.A. littleB. a littleC. few( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. _ two are black.A. another B. the other

33、C. the others( )16.Jack has _ friends here. So he often feels lonely.A. a little B. a few C. few( )17.Who teaches _ French?A. we B. our C. us( )18.The boys were all tired, but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A. anyB. someC. none( )19.Sorry, I can t yaonusrwqeur estion. I know about the news.A. a li

34、ttleB. littleC. few( )20. Hello, Bill! Help to a cake . Thanks .A. your B. yourself C. yourselves四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词 (1000 以内的基数词的读法)365 three hundred and sixty-five505five hundred and five.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。八去t ,九去e ; ve则以f替。ty则变作ti ;后面还有一个e。要

35、是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。eg. one-first two second threethirdeighteighth nineninth twelvetwelfthtwenty twentiethtwenty-one Twenty-first.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基数词 + o clockeg. It s eight o clock now.b.几点几分：.直接表达法：先小时后分eg. 3:25 three twenty-five.间接表达法：先分后小时1）（30分钟）用past ：分钟past小时eg. 3:25 twenty-five （minutes） past

36、three（ 30分钟）用to: （60-分钟数）to （小时数+1）eg. 3:35 twenty-five （minutes） to four30 分钟=half 15 分钟=a quartereg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three.3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to fourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日：October1st , nineteen forty-nine=the first of Octo

37、ber, nineteen forty-nine2000 年：the year two thousand=twenty hundred2001 年：twenty o one3月 1 日：March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号：第 207 房间：Room 207第五课：Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词（a; an）连用表“又一；再一”eg. You ve done it three times. Why not try a fourth time?E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）eg. one thi

38、rd 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语 eg.1)One third of the students are girls.2)One third of the milk is mine.分数的特殊形式一1)one third = a third2)one fourth = a quarterthree fourths = three quarters3)one second = a halfF、一些数t的复数 + of表约数： hundreds of ; thousands of ; millions of练 习(

39、)1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see starts.A. thousands of B. thousand ofC. nine thousands of D. thousands()2.Monday is day of the week.A. firstB. the firstC. the second D. second()3.You ve done it twice. Why not try time?A. third B. the third C. a third D. once()4.Which is the month? It

40、 s September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety()5.December is of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth monthC. the twelveth months D. twelve months()6.There are floors in the building and he lives on the floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenthC. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen,

41、 fifteenth ()7.I was born,1982.on June 2rd B. in June 2ndC. on June two D. on June 2 ()8.It s from our home toZbe.A. two and a half hours walka half and two hours walktwo hours and a half hour s walktwo and a half hour s walk()9.What time is it now? It s to six.A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a

42、 quarto()10.W川 you be back in?A. one or two minutes B. one minute or twoC. two minutes or one D. two or one minute ()11.Mary s uncle went to France.A. in his thirties B. on his thirtiesC. at his thirties D. about his thirties()12.The headmaster wrote a report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-wor

43、dsC. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word()13.of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A. Two-thirdB. Second-thirdC. Two-thirdsD. Second-thirds()14.We have learned about these days.several hundreds English wordshundreds of English wordshundred of English wordsseveral hundred English wor

44、d()15.A UN report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of century.A. twentiethB. twentyC. the twentiethD. the twentyth五、介词1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在”1)at +具体时刻2)on +具体某大(具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)3)in 十年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the night at noonat this / that time at Ch

45、ristmaseg. 1.the morning 2.Monday morning.a rainy evening 4.3:50 5._ 2002.the morning of April 10 7.spring.night 9.this time 10.March另外注意： 在时间词 (morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday )前有 last, next , this , that 时，不再用介词.tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. 2

46、. in , on , at 表地点:at 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的 表面”。例如：eg. 1)He arrived Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture the wall.3.in , on , to 表方位in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan is in the s

47、outheast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.C cross:动词“跨过，越过 =go across4. a across:（表面）跨过 qthrough:（内部）穿过，贯R介词eg. 1）Can you swim the river?2）The road runs the forest.3）the bridge, you ll find a cinema.5 in +时间段：与将来时连用 after +时间段：与过去时连用但after +时间点：可与将来时连用。1） I l

48、l leave three o clock. That is, I ll leave about ten minutes.2）They left two weeks.in the tree（外加在树上的事物）on the tree（树上自身具有的花、果、叶等） ）j in the wall（镶嵌在墙内部的事干）on the wall（墙表面的事物）：There is a map the wallThere are four windows the wall.by bike / bus / car / ship （单数且无冠词）但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg. b

49、y bike = on a（the; his） bikeby car = in a（the ; her） carr on:在（表面）接触.J over:在一的正上有above:在一的斜上方未接触The moon rose the hill.There is a bridge the river.There is a bookthe desk. between:在（两者）之间among :在（三者以上）之间1）A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach.them were his parents.2）Tom sits L

50、ucy and Lily.11.on 与 about :关于eg. He gave a talkthe history of the Partyon用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍 about用于非正式的谈话或随便提太12. in front of :在 前面 /方（范围外）=beforeI in / at the front of:在前部（范国内）1）There is a big tree of the classroom.2）A driver drives of the bus.类似区别：at the back of 与 behind 13.with和in:表示“用“ r with:指“用工具

51、、手、口等”in:指“用语言、话语、声音等”Please write the letter a pen.Please speak a loud voice. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for:动身前往某地.一些固定搭配：(1)介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend - on -；等。(2)介词与名词

52、的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot,with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble,at breakfast, at the end of, in the end 等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at,be interested in, be angry with,be full of, be sorry for 等。六、连词：从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连

53、词有:.表并歹！J关系的 and, both- and, not only but also, neither nor 等。.表选择关系的or, either or等。.表转折关系的but, while （然而）等。.表因果关系的for, so等。. rand: “和”在肯定句中表四列lor: “和”在否定句中表并加另外：1）or“或者”用于选择疑问句2）or “否则”eg.Which do you like better, tea or milk?.Hurry up, or you ll be late for school.but “但是表转折eg. I listened, but I h

54、eard nothing.注意：1）though（虽然），but（但是）不能连用2）not but不是一而是eg. This book isn t mine but yours.bothand既-又（连接主语为复数） neither no既不也不连接两主. either 。段者或者C 语后者决not only but also:而且 定单、复eg.1）Both he and I are students.2）Neither he nor I am a student.( )1._ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At

55、 C. In( )2.Many people work _ the day and sleep _ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at( )3.He speaks Japanese best the boy students. A. between B. with C. among( )4.A wolf _ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on( )5.Joan hopes to come back _ three days.A. afterB. forC. in( )6.T

56、hey sent the letter to me _ mistake.A. byB. forC. with( )7.He left home _ a cold winter evening.A. atB. on C. in( )8.Shanghai is the east of China.A. inB. on C. to( )9.my father s help, I have finished my composition.A. Under B. On C. with( )10.He s very strict himself and he s very strict _ his wor

57、k.A. with ; in B. in ; withC. with ; with( )11.I really can _t_a_g_reyeou.A. toB. onC. with( )12.The shop won t open _ nine in the morning.A. untilB. atC. during( )13.How about _ the flowers now?A. watering B. are watering C. watered( )14.She spent all his money _ books.A. inB. with C. on( )15.They

58、are talking _ low voices.A. withB. inC. on( )16.It s very kind _ you to help us.A. forB. to C. of( )17.What will you have _ breakfast this morning?A. withB. for C. by( )18.A plane is flying the city.A. onB. over C. above( )19.You are free to speak _ the meeting.A. atB. in C. on( )20.Mr. Green will s

59、tay in China_ Friday.A. toB. onC. till( )21.It s wrong to play tricks _ other people.A. onB. ofC. with( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue _ red. A. forB. as C. to( )23.The student will give us a talk _ how to use our spare time.A. forB. onC. in( )24.I paid two hundred yuan _ that kind of bi

60、cycle.A. inB. forC. on( )25.The doctor is very kind _ his patientsA. toB. onC. at( )26.We can t live _ air.A. inB. withC. without TOC o 1-5 h z ( )27.The child was afraid _ the strange sound.A. atB. forC. of( )28.He was very angry _ her for being late.A. forB. withC. at( )29.What do you think _ the