高考英语复习备考：高考英语常考主题语境---世界与环境

1、高考英语复习备考：高考英语常考主题语境一世界与环境素养解读世界上的不同国家、不同民族有自己的山川河流和家园，有其独特的景色、国土地貌、 经济环境，从而产生了不同的文化历史和国情。各国在改善生活、发展经济方面做着不懈 的努力，然而在发展的同时也带来了人口增长、资源过度利用、居住环境污染等问题。“世界与环境”是高中新课程标准主题之一。课标及考纲中的“世界与环境”是指动植物保 护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。“世界与环境”是历年高考英语的常考主题。就历年高考英语书面表达而言，“世界与环 境”主要包括国家介绍、珍惜水资源、使用再生资源、实现经济可持续发展、创建绿色学校， 对公共场所吸烟、随地吐痰、

2、随地扔纸屑、课本资料回收、污染或环境保护发表意见等话 题。关于这一主题的写作常有以下几种命题角度：.介绍国家或城市。.介绍“世界环境日”“世界水日”或无车日”。.介绍“地球日”活动。.合理利用水资源。.污染整治之前与之后对比。.公共卫生意识。.请就是否应回收课本发表意见。.日常生活中怎样进行环境保护。.动物保护和人类生存孰优先。.垃圾分类。语库构建语境串记Wildlife protectionBy paint buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.Human beings will continue to adapt

3、 to the changing climate by both ordinary and astonishing ways.It is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to water shortages.The best way to solve the problem is to use the knowledge and technology that some countries had already developed.语篇填空选用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。“Global warming could make hu

4、mans shorter, “ warn scientists who claim 1.evidence that it caused the worlds first horses 2.nearly 50 million years ago.In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth 3.up and the size of mammalshorses, in this case, the last time the world

5、 heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest 4.56 million years ago.As 5.went up, their size went down, and vice versa （反之亦然）.At one point they were as small as a house cat, said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator （馆长） of the Florida Museum of Natural History

6、, which was quoted by the Daily Mail as saying.The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans 6.“Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog. Whafss that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramat

7、ically increased in size, and that 8.corresponds to the global warming event, followed by 9./“It 10.that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadnt understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size, Dr Bloch said in the Science journal.世界与环境答

8、案语境串记1. unexpected 2. But 3. are hunted4. affecting 5. biting/bites 6. inspection7. powerful 8. that 9. told 10. until写作词汇运用1. has been polluted 2. be found 3. release 4. take the risk of/risk 5. polluted6. protecting 7. has played 8. to realizebe recycled 10. to destroy核心句型表达World Environment Day i

9、s on June 5th and it calls for the public to make an effort to bring the world a clean environment./World Environment Day is on June 5th, which calls for the public to make an effort to bring the world a clean environment.With the development of science and technology, people are becoming richer and

10、 richer./As science and technology develop, people are becoming richer and richer.During the rush hour, taking the subway instead of driving prevents you from being stuck in traffic jams. Also, it is better for the environment./During the rush hour, not only does taking the subway instead of driving

11、 prevent you from being caught in traffic jams, but also it is better for the environment.Anyone who damages the environment should be seriously punished./Whoever/No matter who damages the environment, he should be seriously punished.知识维度诊断评价I.单句填空1. at 2. unimaginable 3. the 4. cleaner5. leaving 6.

12、 to shine 7. increasingly8. adaptation 9. damaging 10. continuing11. designed 12. illnesses 13. took/should take14. difficultly 15. that 16. numbered17. changes 18. to reduce 19. have tried/have been trying 20. asII.单句改错1. live 后力口 in 2.去掉 for 3. very一so4. theyit 5. that一when6. suddenlysudden 7. pai

13、ntpainting8. by一in 9. It一There 10. hadhave语篇填空1. to have found 2. to shrink 3. heating4. appearance 5. temperature (s) 6. smaller7. surprising 8. exactly 9. cooling10. had been knownDinosaurs died out because of a(n) 1. (expect) incident. 2.wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because huma

14、ns do harm to it. For example, tigers3. (hunt) for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being 4. (affect) distant cities.Last year, scientists saw some monkeys rubbing themselves with a certain kind of i

15、nsects to protect themselves from fierce mosquitoes1 5.(bite) . According to the result of the 6. (inspect) , they found that the insect contains a 7. (power) drug, so local farmers were employed to catch the insects. The ending was 8.the insects disappeared from the whole zone. When 9. (tell) that

16、it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded, Our real loss is our decreasing income.We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife protection. Not 10.we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile in relief.保护野生动植物

17、恐龙因一次意外事件而灭绝，但是今天的野生动植物却是因为人类的伤害而消失或处 在危险中。例如，老虎被猎杀以获取做地毯的皮毛，以致它们只能生活在安全的保护区里； 草地被毫不怜悯地破坏，以致沙尘暴开始影响遥远的城市。去年，科学家观察到猴子在身上擦某种昆虫来保护自己不受凶猛的蚊子叮咬。根据检 查的结果，他们发现这种昆虫含有一种具有强大效力的药物，于是，当地的农民都被雇来 抓虫子。结果是，这种昆虫从这整个地区消失了。当被告知说这是整个人类的损失时，农 民们都突然大笑着回应道：“我们减少的收入才是我们真正的损失呢！ ”我们应该重视自然平衡，更加注意野生动植物保护的重要性。直到我们成功让野生动 植物安详平静

18、地生活，我们自己才能如释重负地笑开颜。素材积累(-)阅读词汇整合地球环境：ecosystem 生态系统ecological balance 生态平衡desert 沙漠forest 森林farmland 农田soil 土壤green belt绿化地带ocean circulation 海洋II流water resource 水资源natural resources 自然资源atmosphere 大气;大气层环境破坏的原因：ashes灰烬;废墟rubbish/garbage/trash/waste/litter 废物;废弃物smog烟雾poison n.毒;毒药poisonous adj.有毒的;

19、有害的haze雾霾pollute v.污染pollutant n.污染物pollution n. 1 亏染carbon dioxide 二氧化碳plastic bags 塑料袋drinking cans 欲:料罐cut down trees 砍伐树木pollute the environment/air 1亏染环境/空气lead/water/noise/air/white pollution 铅/水/噪音/空气/白色污染send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air 把烟雾和有毒气体排放到空气中pour waste water into rive

20、rs without being treated 往河里排放未经处理的废水环境破坏的后果：sandstorm 沙暴acid rain 酸雨abnormal climate 气候异常global warming 全球变暖sea level rise 海平面上升greenhouse effect 温室效应be harmful to/do harm to.对有害flood many low-lying cities 水淹彳氐洼城市droughts/floods/sandstorms sweep across.干旱/洪水/沙尘暴横扫bring about 导致;引起bring.to extinctio

21、n 使灭绝be threatened by 受到的威胁put sth at the risk of使某物面临的危险be in danger处于危险中under threat处于威胁中on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝环境保护：burn燃烧;焚烧bury掩埋landfill废物填埋地discourage 阻止recycle/reuse再利用彳盾环使用preserve保存;保护renewable adj.可再生的renew v.更新biodegradable packaging 可降解包装environmental protection 环境保护environmenta

22、lly-friendly 环保的plant trees 植树solar energy 太阳能garbage classification 垃圾分类sustainable development 可持续发展recycle the rubbish 回收垃圾live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡protect the ecology 保护生态save energy/water 节约能源/水protect the environment 保护环境ride bicycles to work 骑自行车上班

23、develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源fight against pollution 与污染做斗争eco-friendly products 环保型产品deal with rubbish properly 正确处理垃圾recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用ban smoking in public禁止在公共场合吸烟improve our living conditions 改善我们的居住条件ban the abuse of plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋dont litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐

24、痰lead/live a low-carbon lifestyle 采用低碳的生活方式advocate doing sth 提倡做某事take action/steps/measures 采取措施prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事raise peoples environmental awareness 增强人们的环保意识make full use of/make the best of 充分利用(二)写作词汇运用根据汉语提示或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。The environment (pollute) badly so far and

25、the nature punishes the human being by all kinds of disasters, such as the heavy haze in Beijing, which damages peoples health.The cars release the gas which pollutes the air and the rubbish can(find) in every corner of the street.The factories (release) the heavy smoke and make the sky become dark.

26、Though the government has done something to punish the businessmen for releasing the polluted sources, they still dare to (冒险)earning the biggest profit.The (pollute) environment threatens our health.I hope everyone can care about (protect) the environment and stop wasting things.Liu Ying (play) a p

27、art in protecting animals since she was ten.The government should get the people (realize) the importance of protecting the environment.When people go traveling, they should use bicycles or walk and use bags that can (recycle) instead of plastic ones when shopping.The loss of a single species is ver

28、y likely（destroy） a whole food chain and affects others that rely on it.（三）核心句型表达根据要求翻译下列句子。.世界环境日是在6月5日，呼吁公众努力为世界带来一个干净的环境。译法一：（并列句）译法二：（非限制性定语从句）.随着科学技术的发展，人们变得越来越富有。译法一：（含with结构的简单句）译法二：（用as引导状语从句）.在高峰期坐地铁而不是驾车出行避开了交通堵塞，而且对环境有利。译法一：（简单句）译法二：（含not only. but also的倒装句）任何破坏环境的人都应该受到严厉的惩罚。译法一：（含限制性定语从

29、句）译法二：（含让步状语从句）主题测评知识维度诊断评价I.单句填空Human development has robbed many unique and beautiful species of their habitats and put themthe risk of extinction.In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio, and it was (imagine) that it could ever be cleaned up.This river is

30、one of most outstanding examples of environmentalcleanup.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, (leave) behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark.Light pollution is largely

31、 the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light (shine) outward and upward into the sky.While clean energy is (increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades.When it comes to(adapt) , it is important to understand that climate change is a process.Fl

32、oods have become more (damage) in Bangladesh in recent decades.Climate change is a(continue) process, so NarwhaPs ice reserves will not last forever.When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it*s a nonsense (design) to

33、make the case for business as usual.Exposure to air pollution increases a persons risk of(illness) such as lung cancer, stroke, heart disease and bronchitis.Its high time we (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.You cannot (difficult) see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which, however, they may not be realizing.Everybody should raise the awareness ifs our duty to protect o