新概念二Lesson64TheChannelTunnel

1、新概念二 Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel -The worlds longest undersea tunnel What is Undersea tunnel?An undersea tunnel is a tunnel which is partly or wholly constructed under a body of water. Advantages:Tunneling will generate soil that has been excavatedekskvetid and this can be used t

2、o create new land, as was done with the soil of the Channel Tunnel.Travelling through a tunnel is significantly quicker and wont be influence during adverse weather The Channel Tunnel also referred to as the Chunnel is a 50.5-kilometre undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone in the United Kingdom wi

3、th Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. Pro The Channel Tunnel : At its lowest point, it is 75 meters deep. At 37.9 kilometers , the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both

4、longer overall at 53.85 kilometers , and deeper at 240 meters below sea level.The Seikan TunnelThe Channel TunnelIdeas for a cross-Channel fixed link appeared as early as 1802 began construction in 1988 and opened in 1994 eventually closed in 2002 for incidentThe British Channel Tunnel Group consist

5、ed of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts.The French Channel Tunnel Group consisted of three banks and five construction companies.The design and construction was done by the ten construction companies. Engineering：Geological profile along the tunnel as constru

6、cted:The geology generally consists of northeasterly dipping Cretaceous strata .For the majority of its length the tunnel bores through a chalk marl stratum .Successful tunnelling under the channel required the selection of the best rock strata .Typical tunnel cross section:with a service tunnel bet

7、ween twin rail tunnels. Shown linking the rail tunnels is a piston relief duct, necessary to manage pressure changes due to the movement of trainsConstruction ：Precast segmental linings in the main TBM drives were used, but different solutions were used on the English and French sides. On the French

8、 side, neoprene and grout sealed bolted linings made of cast iron or high-strength reinforced concrete were used. On the English side, the main requirement was for speed and bolting of cast-iron lining segments was only carried out in areas of poor geology.Background information英吉利海峡隧道（The Channel T

9、unnel)又称英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道（Eurotunnel)，是一条把英国英伦三岛连接往欧洲法国的铁路隧道，于1994年5月6日开通。它由三条长51km的平行隧洞组成，总长度153km，其中海底段的隧洞长度为338km，是目前世界上最长的海底隧道。从1986年2月12日法、英两国签订关于隧道连接的坎特布利条约（Treaty of Canterbury)到1994年5月7日正式通车，历时8年多，耗资约100亿英镑（约150亿美元），也是世界上规模最大的利用私人资本建造的工程项目。隧道长度50千米，仅次于日本青函隧道。海底长度39千米。单程需35分钟。Channel TunnelLength:

10、560 km(350 miles)Width: 34-240 km(21-150 miles)(Its narrowest part is between Dover in England and Cape Gris-Nez,near Galasis,in France.)Depth:120-45 meters (400-500 feet)(1 km = 0.6214 miles)(1 meter = 3.28 feet)The English Channel中文：英吉利海峡隧道英文：(The English Channel Tunnel）昵称：Chunnel法文：le tunnel sous

11、 la Manche又称：海峡隧道、英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道 (Euro Tunnel)The tunnel consists of three interconnected tubes: one rail track each way plus one service tunnelIts length is 31miles of which 23 miles are underwaterIts average depth is 150 feet underwater 新圣哥达隧道(瑞士).57.6 km(2012)布雷纳BasisBrenner隧道(奥意).55.6 km(2022)青函海峡隧

12、道(日本).53.85km(1988)里昂-都灵间Ambin隧道(法意).52.11km(2025)英吉利海峡隧道(英法).49.50km(1994)Channel Tunnel InaugurationOn May 6th, 1994, France and Britain opened a new era in their history of conflict. The French President and the British Queen cut the ribbon at the dedication ceremony for the Chunnel. text In1858,

13、aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond, arrived inEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelunderthe EnglishChannel.Hesaidthatitwouldbepossibleto builda platforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatform wouldserveasaportandarailwaytunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetter

14、planwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow. Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnel shouldbebuilt. Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,it woulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime, theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencom

15、pleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmost another100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finally connectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.The 17 century plan New words and expressionsNewwordsandexpressions生词和短语tunneln. 隧道portn. 港口ventilatev. 通风chimneyn. 烟囱sealevel 海平面doubleadj. 双的ventilat

16、ionn. 通风fearv. 害怕invasionn. 入侵，侵略officiallyadv. 正式地connectv. 连接Europeanadj. 欧洲的continentn. 大陆tunnel n 隧道channel 海峡 / The Channel : 英吉利海峡port n 港口airport航空港ventilate v 通风air: air the room, please给房间通通风chimney n 烟囱sea level 海平面double adj双的DINK: double income, no kid.字母W 的读音就是: “double u” 意为两个u 构成 w .c

17、ouple/pair两个a couple of weeksa pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜ventilation n 通风Forced Ventilation强制排风系统force n.力量, 武力, 精力, 魄力, 势力, 暴力, 复军队, 影响力 vt.强制, 强加, (用武力)夺取, 促使, 推动, 施加压力forced adj.被迫的, 强迫的, 动用武力的fear v 害怕fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightfulbe afraid of / fear是习惯性的/人做主语frig

18、hten / scare是因某件突然的事情才让你产生了害怕的情绪/句子后边的部分是人sb fear sth: I feared darkness. / I fear dogs.be afraid of : I am afraid of dogs.be afraid that : can you help me? I am afraid I cant(恐怕) / I am afraid not. 等同于 I am sorry.sth frighten sb. / sth scare sb : you frightened/scared me.The doy frightened me. / th

19、e film scared me.horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇horrified adj.惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的invasion n 入侵, 侵略invade inveid vt.侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤invade invasion / decide decision officially adv 正式地official(官方的正式) / formally(一般的正式)office officialconnect v 连接connect sth with/toconnect A with B (A和B平等) / connect A to B (A连到B上去)Euro

20、pean adj 欧洲的continent n 大陆European Continent: 欧洲大陆, , port ventilateTunnel chimneydoublesea levelFearinvasion continent connectofficiallyEurope chimney timni n. 烟囱, 烟筒 air chimney 通风管 Words/phrases 单词与词组tunneln. 隧道portn. 港口ventilatev. 通风chimneyn. 烟囱sea level海平面doubleadj. 双的ventilationn. 通风platform n

21、. 平台 fearv. 害怕invasionn. 入侵，侵略officiallyadv. 正式地connectv. 连接Europeanadj. 欧洲的continentn. 大陆possible adj. 可能的fresh adj. 新鲜的Words/phrases 单词与词组 n. 隧道 n. 港口 v. 通风 n. 烟囱 海平面 adj. 双的 n. 通风 n. 平台 v. 害怕 n. 入侵，侵略 adv. 正式地 v. 连接 adj. 欧洲的 n. 大陆 adj. 可能的 adj. 新鲜的Words/phrases 单词与词组n. 圈子v. 赞美，n. 感觉;感官adj. 亲密的pre

22、p.除了n. 婚礼n. 招待会n. 种类n. 演讲v.包括n. 成功adj. 失望的Words/phrases 单词与词组French engineer法国工程师in the centre of 在的中心serve as 用作railway station火车站well-ventilated通风好的put forward 提出solve the problem解决问题draw in 抽进fresh air新鲜空气connect .to/with 把与连接起来Words/phrases 单词与词组 法国工程师 在的中心 用作 火车站 通风好的 提出 解决问题 抽进 新鲜空气 把与连接起来 Not

23、es on the textIn1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond, arrived inEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelunderthe EnglishChannel.1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国twenty-one-mile 加连字符, 用单数, 是定语Hesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuilda platforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwould

24、serveasaportandarailwaystation.serve as作为.来服务, 起.作用 It will serve as a swimming pool.他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.Thetopofthehillis400metresabovesealevel.山顶的高度是海拔四百公尺。Itissituatedabovesealevel.它位于海平面以上。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好

25、的通风条件。In1860,abetter planwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。 put forward(plan/suggestion)提出Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnel shouldbebuilt.他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。suggest有两个意思 作为 “暗示” 意思时, 用法与其他的词相同 作为 “建议” 意思时, 则为虚拟语气, 后接动词是要用-ing形式, 后接that从句采用一种固定的用法: should+动词原形,

26、 should 可省略insist 用法作坚持用时同suggest文中: He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built.I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略) 又如: He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去. He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilatio

27、n,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,it woulddrawinfreshairbehindit.因为如果有列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。draw in吸进如用bring没有 drow in 形象,贴切Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。at the timethe British :

28、英国人虚拟语气(非真实条件句)1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：1If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的 号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg：1

29、 If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）exercise1 If you had told me about it earlier, I_(be able) to help you.2If you_(can/come) with us, we would have been ple

30、ased.3You_(not make) such a mistake if you had been more careful.4If father_(be) alive, he would be horrified.5 If it_(be) fine tomorrow, we shall go for a swim.1 would have been able 2 would have done 跟过去事实相反,从句会使用had done could have done, 情态动词后面一旦加了have done 表示跟过去有关3 would not have made 4 were : 虚

31、拟语气与现在事实相反,从句使用一般过去时,与一般现在时相反的be 动词,用were代替if I were you 5 is 真实条件句Theworldhadtowaitalmost another100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。wait forwait for five minutesI have waited five minutes. (for 可不要)I have waited for you for five minutes. I have waited five years for you.Itwasofficia

32、llyopenedonMarch7,1994,finally connectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。Connect .to.非谓语动词中的ing形式1、表示其与主语是主动的关系2、表示动作正在发生非谓语动词中的ed形式表示其与主语是被动的关系一般过去将来时一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。肯定句：主语+was/were going to+V+其它主语

33、+would(should would)+V+其它 否定句：主语+was/were not going to+V+其它主语+would（should would）not+V+其它 疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+V+其它 Would(Should could)+主语+V+其它虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg：If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/