大学英语四级写作强化课件

1、CET-4 Writing用词是否恰当，准确，形象，关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词。Goodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;Goodbeneficial, advantageous, helpful; excellent, outstanding;Badundesirable/mindless/worthless;harmful, baneful, detrimentalLots of a host of , a vast number of (可数名词），a great deal of , a vast amount of

2、( 不可数名词）；substantial; considerable; heaps of Importantcrucial, vital, significant, key; indispensable/integral;desire 替换wantpour attention into 替换pay attention tobear in mind that 替换remember促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/ better/ promote角色与功能Play an important( active, major, central, c

3、rucial, essential, integral, prominent, vital) rolePlay a big part-Take a leading part-允许与阻止Makepossible电脑的使用促使人们在家上班: The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home.Enable, encourage, entitle谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重适用于个人/社会类话题In China, respe

4、ct for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge.Stop, keep, prevent, prohibit太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响Too much academic pressure deprives young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoying th

5、eir school years. (hinder-obstructhedge) Increasing (ly), growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Sth. has gained growing popularity.Sth. is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly

6、/ utterly)在当代In contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age;for my part, from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion破坏Destroy; impair; undermine; jeopardize; devastate;支持观点（be for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for) (win) 反对观点(argue against/combat/ disagree with/disregar

7、d/oppose)TransformchangePreserveprotect-保护某种资源，natural resources or old buildings.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle( economic crisis, deteriorated environment, shortages of water, unemployment, traffic jams.)_;培养：Develop, cultivate, foster, culture( education cultivat

8、es the spirit of independence)认为：maintain, assert, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, Alleviateease; 减轻,缓解( 就业压力,新能源缓解资源紧张;经济增长方式转变缓解发展压力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.)Worsendeteriorate; aggravate( 环境恶化)人们认为：it is gener

9、ally/widely believed/held/agreed that适应的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应) oneself to new environment/ change;接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems影响与冲击Profound/ SignificantDamaging Devastating Destructive DisastrousInfluence Impact Effect affect When asked about the function of me

10、dia, many people agree to the first view.此外，表示“多”的词还有：vast, quite a few, an army of, an ocean of , a sea of , a great number of Cheating in exam happens in our daily life.Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society.the overwhelming majority of has become a common occurrence Obviously, the pictu

11、re shows that a culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial to all the human beings.show: indicate, reveal, suggest, proveAs the number shows, nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number: figure, statistics 用词的生动性is首先前者的问题在于be动词是静态的，没有活力的，there be 也是如此。 m

12、ake make sb. do sth-英语的词化程度较高，存在大量词语，一个单词的存在使得很多词语不再被需要dismay 使震惊，convince 使信服.避免be形式表达，尽可能选择表示强有力的行为动词，写出生动，简洁，有力，耐读和连贯的文章。There is a beautiful park near my house. The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park, which was built several hundred years ago. It is the biggest park in Beijing. The Tian-Tan park

13、is famous not only for its beauty but its quietness as well. Near my house stands Tian-Tan, the biggest park in Beijing, built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness. Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plan

14、ts. Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants, even human beings. The Internet makes me learn English more conveniently. The Internet facilitated my English studyHis criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university. His criminal record disqualified him fr

15、om being admitted to the university. 避免一味用 There is 开头。 There are more and more people who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods. The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.避免一味用People, I, We 开头 We will always remember the smile on he

16、r face. The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds.We certainly should offer good service.Good service is certainly required.It-句型的广泛使用It must be pointed out that.必须指出It must be admitted that.必须承认It is imagined that.人们认为It can not be denied that.不可否认It will be seen from this that.由此可知I

17、t should be realized that.必须认识到It is (always) stressed that.人们(总是)强调It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.可以毫不夸张地说变换句式优化文章Lecture 1 长句和短句变换Lecture 2 主动句和被动句变换Lecture 3 非谓语从句变换Lecture 4 比较句变换Lecture 5 松散到紧凑变换变换句式优化文章短句变长句受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思译成英语，而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形合语言”的特点。

18、因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系，善于发现各个简单句之间的关联，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句，增加文章的气势。【例1】【原文】 Lies do harm to those who are being told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 【优化】 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 【例2】【例3】【原文】 Usually,

19、 a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【优化】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth, something that can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【原文】 Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circu

20、mstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 【优化】 Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 【例4】 【原文】 When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. Th

21、e motorbike was red. There were two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The motorbike fell down. The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. The driver came out of the car at once, and asked about the two persons injuries. As soon as I saw that, I made a telephone call to 110.

22、The traffic police arrived in a short time. 【优化】 When I turned right on the corner, a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car. Immediately, the motorbike fell down, and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured. At that time, the car driver came out of the car, an

23、d asked about the two persons injuries. Seeing this, I dialed the 110. In a short time, the traffic police arrived. 2. 长句变短句长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句子，反而会显得华而不实，成为表达的累赘。写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼，简洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的大忌。【例1】【原文】His father, who is a salesman, became a millionaire ov

24、ernight. 【优化】His father, a salesman, became a millionaire overnight. 【例2】【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly. 【优化】They distrusted our judgment. 一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。 【原句】 【优化】The captain, a tall, thin man with a big mustache, was pacing the bridge with a look

25、 of importance. The grading system at our college should be abolished, because neither the students nor the instructors like it.1. The captain was a tall, thin man with a big mustache. He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance. 2. The grading system at our college should be abolished. The s

26、tudents dont like getting grades. The instructors dont enjoy giving grades. 【原文】【优化】The seriousness of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale.Those who dont like having roommates

27、 argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.5. Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact. 4. Some

28、 students dont like having roommates. They think every person has his or her own way. And several people living together causes some unpleasantness. 3. The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious. It shows it is important to begin a plan. We should conserve and divide up the

29、 natural resources on a worldwide scale. It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, though it is unlikely to be true.二、请按照所给提示对下面的作文进行句式优化【原文】【优化】 With the deepening of reform and opening up of our c

30、ountry, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways. First, when they live in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign language skills. S

31、econd, if they complete part or all of their education overseas, they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. 【提示】将中的宾语从句改为简单句，将其中的条件状语从句改为主语。将中的时间状语从句改为现在分词短语。将中的条件状语从句改为主语，该句变为简单句。 【优化】 With the deepening of re

32、form and opening up of our country, studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option. People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that overseas study can benefit them in different ways. First, living in a foreign country, they can improve their foreign languages skills. Seco

33、nd, completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study. Third, they can experience a different culture first-hand. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expen

34、sive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers. 【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两个理由。 As for me, I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportuni

35、ty to go abroad and broaden their vision, while if conditions dont permit them to go abroad, they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country. The place where they study is not very important for them, and instead, it is what they can learn that is the most important. 【提示】将改成两句，分别陈述两

36、种不同的情况。通过notbut将简化成一个简单句。【优化】 However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off. Whats more, there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country. 【优化】As for me, I believe both opinion

37、s are acceptable in some sense. If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies at top universi

38、ties in our country. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learn. 主动句和被动句变换与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语态的使用。主动变被动1）不需要体现动作的执行者【原文】We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 【优化】More att

39、ention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country. 2）需要强调动作的承受者【原文】The employees elected Mr. Li chairman of the committee last week. 【优化】Mr. Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees last week. 3）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺 【原文】When the Prime Minister ar

40、rived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately. 【优化】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.2. 被动变主动1）需要体现动作的执行者【原文】If you are friendly to others, you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice vers

41、a. 【优化】If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa. 2）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺【原文】One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self-reliance. This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and

42、 conduct my own survey project. 【优化】During their first job, many individuals develop their very important quality of self-reliance. I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project. 专项训练一、要求：请将下面句子中语态使用不当的地方进行优化改写，使其更符合表达需要。【原文】 【优化】 1. We know that

43、 smoking is harmful to peoples health. 2. We should advise people to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements 3. Nowadays, public places and advertisements of any kind forbid smoking. 2. People should be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led ast

44、ray by false advertisements. 3. Nowadays, smoking is forbidden in public places and advertisements of any kind. 1. It is almost known that smoking is harmful to peoples health. 4. Computers may help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while engineers make use of some computer

45、s in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argue that we should give college students the right to get married since they are adults. 4. Computers may help scientist in analyzing data and doing complex calculation, while some computers are made use of by enginee

46、rs in designing a plane, or a spaceship. 5. Those in favor of university marriage argue that college students should be given the right to get married since they are adults. 非谓语和从句变换非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。【例1】【原文】When I look into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am l

47、ucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【优化】Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union. 【例2】【原文】In 1836, there arose the working-class movement which is known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian

48、 revolutionary movement. 【优化】in 1836, there arose the working-class movement known as Chartism, which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement. 专项训练一、要求：请将下列句子中划线的从句部分改为非谓语动词形式。 【原文】【优化】 1. The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities. 2. After he completed college in 1980,

49、Tony became an English teacher in a normal college. 3. It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books, it will be time-wasting and harmful. 4. Because one of my parents is laid off, my family cant possibly affor

50、d all my expenses at college. 2. After completing college in 1980, Tony became an English teacher in a normal college. 1. The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities. 3. It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is

51、 time-wasting and harmful. 4. With one of my parents being laid off, my family cant possibly afford all my expenses at college. 二、要求：请对下面段落中的划线部分进行优化改写 【原文】 【优化】 Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful use of water, electricity and

52、 gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banquet full up, and then they will leave behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, which are armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter which is produced by

53、 the manufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken areas, who were once considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. Nowadays waste is a common phenomenon in society. Many people, for example, would not bother to make careful u

54、se of water, electricity and gas. And hosts and guests tend to leave a luxurious banquet full up, leaving behind dishes and food unfinished on the table. Also, some big factories, armed with advanced machines and technology, may neglect to reuse the large quantity of waste matter produced by the man

55、ufacturing process. Even such people as those from former poverty-stricken areas, once considered to be frugal of every cent of their miserable money, have turned wasteful. 比较句变换1. 表示相似性1）just as, so（正如,也一样）【例】Just as food is necessary to life, so are books to our spirit. 2）share/ have in common （在方

56、面有共同点）【例】China and the U.S.A have some interests in common in foreign trade area. 3) bear similarities/ resemblances to （和具有相似之处）【例】 Lots of ancient Chinese constructions bear striking resemblances to that in other parts of the world, which discloses the similarity in human civilization. 4) the same

57、 is true of/ with（也是如此）【例】People who are financially independent will be bullied by the rich ones. And the same if true with countries. 5) vice versa/ the reverse is true （反之亦然）【例】If you are friendly to others, they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa. 6) asas（和一样）7) no less ()

58、than （不比少/差）/ no more () than （不比多/强）【例】The father is an ambitious man; the sons ambition is no less than the father. 2. 表示差异性1) the opposite of （恰恰与相反）【例】He hopes that his wife can give birth to a male inheritor to such a large fortune; whereas his wifes wish is just the opposite of his. 2） it is j

59、ust the other way round（，相反，）【例】He is not your friend. It is just the other way round. He is your rival. 3) different/ differ from in that （与的不同之处在于）【例】His character is different from his brother in that he is introvert. 4) less () than （比少/差）/ more () than （比多/强）【例】 More and more people are buying

60、new cars than ever before. 专项训练要求：请将括号中所给汉语译成英语。1. Such kind of books, （不像那么抽象）_ those full of technical terms and formulae, can color peoples life and relieve their tension. 【答案】not as/ so abstract as2. If you are honest to others, （他们也会真诚地对待你，反之亦然）_.【答案】 they will treat you sincerely and vice vers