考四六级必看讲稿

1、Writing Courses of College English Test 国家英语四级评分标准(CET-4) 2分条理不清晰，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。（14） (“一塌糊涂”) 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。（34） （“糊里糊涂”） 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。（54） （“马马虎虎”）11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。（74） （“”）14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。（94）（注：白卷

2、，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。）教育部大学英语教学要求： 一般要求：能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务，如便条、短信、通知等，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文，用语基本正确、得体。 较高要求：能写日常应用文，如信函、简历等，能就一定的话题、提纲、表格或图示在半小时内写出150-200词的短文，内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。 高要求：能用英文写笔记、提纲、论文摘要、论文简介等，能在半小时内写出约200字的报告、评论、发言稿或日常应用文等，文理通顺，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。写作中存在的问题 不会写 所谓不会写指的是，当考试拿过一篇

3、文章不知如何下手，不知如何提笔进行写作。笔者认为主要是存在以下两个原因：一是考生的确无话可说；二是心里虽然有话，但是拿捏不准该写哪句为妙。于是思前想后、犹豫不决，始终不敢提笔进行写作。 写不好 所谓写不好就是，拿过作文题，没有明确的写作思路，不按套路出牌；或是简单汉语逻辑思维写作，不符合英语写作标准，近而没有文采。原因在于：第一是平时没有养成良好的写作习惯；第二对于英语写作的句式特点以及整体文章结构框架不了解。 解决办法 第一，首先必须熟悉英语四级写作具体要求。英语四级考试要求考生在30分钟内写出120字的文章。体裁主要有议论文(分为“Topic题型”和A&B又称“正反观点题”)、应用文(主要

4、是书信)、图表文等。针对不同的体裁，写作思路是不同的。比如，以议论文举例来说： 1.议论文写作思路 2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文(Topic)；正反观点型作文(A&B) 3.阐述主题型作文写作：(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述) 基本写作格式 正反观点型作文(A&B) (这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。采用论点加论据写作形式。) 第二，熟悉英语写作的几个重要概念。 英语文章段落结构特点 英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句 (1)主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，在英语文

5、章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。 (2)扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that-)、列数据(according to the recent study/survey,-)等。 (3)结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。 因此我们通常看到英语的文

6、章段落结构 60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成。 第三，学会遣词造句 1.遣词： 词汇等级 所谓词汇的等级就是，我们在写作的过程中，如果想出一个基本词汇来之后，能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它在提升一下，也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。比如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词，那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant, vital, main, basilica, crucial, momentous etc.词汇准确性 所谓词汇的准确性是指，我们在有一个词近而想到它的同义词之后，要结合语境选择恰当的用词。在这里必须指明的是

7、，并不是词汇等级越高越好，必须还要考虑到适合于不同的语境。比如，眼睛大，这个“大的”形容词，我们首先会想到big,近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc.。那么是不是用后面的词就可以了呢？或者说用上enormous等词更能博得阅卷人的好感呢？答案是否定的。在这里很明显用后面的词来修饰眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因为我们听过一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big big world.” big表示眼睛大而迷人可爱的。 造句： 词组 很多考生平时写作不太擅长用词组，对于他们而言最习惯的就是想到汉语

8、，然后对应汉语思维写出英语句子，这种写作只能是单词的罗列组合，谈不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，写出来的文章必然就是所谓平淡如流水，没有英语的味道。如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到“be of importance”。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做“play an important role in-”。很多同学说自己的文章凑不够字数或是没有文采，那么采用

9、词组进行写作是不是就可以解决以上问题了呢？ 句式 除了采用词组，要使文章更具英语的味道，我们还需要变换句式。没有受过正规作文训练的考生，通常采用的句式多为主谓宾、主系表。于是我们看到大多数的文章充斥着这样的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in Shandong University, and I have three years experience in Marco Polo Hotel.这样流水账式的文章显然不能得到高分。 写作中阅卷人喜欢的句式有以下两种：一是插入语；二是倒装。 插入语。 -这是我个人最喜欢的，在我的课堂中也

10、常强调这一点！所谓插入语，英语中有两种形式。一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语；第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。如下所示(黑体划线处)： Wuhan, the Capital City of Hubei Province, is a famous tourist city. Other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope w

11、ith our problems. They, however, are unlikely to become our favorite books in terms of contents. 插入语的作用主要有两个，一个是突出主语，比如说：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student. 第二个作用是解释说明，比如说：People, especially students, should work hard. 倒装。倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种： Onl

12、y + 时间状语 Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future. Only + 介词词组 -这是很多学生喜欢用的，用比不用好，虽然有些俗套！Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements. Only in this way can

13、we master the writing skills step by steps. -学生最擅长的句子之一！否定词位于句首(hardly when; never; not only-,but also-; seldom) 在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人-Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man. 地点方位名词位于句首 In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games

14、. 修辞：无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。英语写作中的修辞问题我已经专门写过一篇文章(见英语写作几种修辞手法)。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较： The bicycle is important for us. The bicycle is of importance for us. The bicycle plays an important role in our life. The bicycle, environmen

15、tal friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life. *The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life. 那么很明显，最后一个句子是我们最终拿到考场上去搏击高分的句子。 第四、平时要注意积累。很多考生为了写好作文也作了好多工作，课下也付出了很多，包括背诵大量的文章等等，但是提笔写作时候，仍不见的有所改观。问题在哪里呢？ 我认为，很多考生虽然也背诵文章，但却只是死记硬背。如果合上书本

16、让他复述，他们就会卡壳。就是茶壶里煮饺子，倒不出来。我们说背诵是个输入的过程，而说和写则是输出的过程。我们真正需要的是把平时积累的随时随地用在我们的写作中。因此，我们在注重积累的同时，一定在平时练习的时候，把他们多加运用。只有多练多用，才能真正达到学以致用，才能真正提高写作水平。这里，正如我反复在我的课堂中提到的，最好的资源就是我们的英语课本-我们的英语课本要比四级难多了-如果我们能好好地重新翻翻我们的课本，好好地把握课本中的重要的话题、句型、词汇以及给我们提供的写作思路，我想小小的英语四级作文应该是没有多大的问题的。这里我举几个例子（略）。Book I Unit one Living in

17、Harmony-I forgive you / Unit two three days to see Book II Unit one Friendship-what is friendship? Book IV Unit one Man and Nature-Man in the Realm of Nature (考研,2011) 历年四级作文考题集锦及梳理2003年12月四级作文题目ALetterinReplytoaFriend1建议报考的专业及理由2报考该专业的基本条件3应当如何备考2004年6月四级作文题目Directions For this part, you are allowe

18、d 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words acc, ording to the following guidelines.Your role: tour guide Your audience: a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should include some welcoming words, the schedule

19、for the day, a description of the place and the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.2005年1月四级作文题目ACampaignSpeech1. 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作， 2. 如果当选你将会为本校同学

20、做什么？2005年6月四级作文题目 In honour of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day书信写作：在教师节给老师写信表示感谢2005年12月四级考试作文试题目Shouldtheuniversitycampusbeopentotourists? 1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2.校园是否应对公众开放人们看法不同 3.我认为。2006年6月四级作文题目An announcement for a voluntary program1. 校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2. 本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等3. 报名条件及联系方式2

21、006年12月四级作文题目should spring festival gala be cancelled?许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会但有些人提出取消春节晚会我的看法2007年6月四级考试作文题An announcement to welcome students to join to a clubWelcome to our club1、本社团的主要活动内容2、参加本社团的好处3、如何加入本社团2007年12月四级考试作文题目What electives to choose1. 各学校开了各种各样的选修课 2. 学生选课有不同的原因 3. 就我而言.2008年6月英语四级作文题目Recr

22、eational Activities1. 娱乐活动多种多样2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3. 作为大学生我的看法2008年12月英语四级作文题目Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags1. 一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用2. 造成的问题3. 限制使用的意义2009年6月20英语四级作文题目。What will be the next?.附上该体裁（Argumentation型）写作的模板，供同学们参考。1） some, others, I 型（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as

23、to the view of _ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _ (观点A). A case in point is that _ (支持观点A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, _ (观点B). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agr

24、ee with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing.（2）模版二_ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to _ when they are asked _ (观点A) becaus

25、e _ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that _ (支持观点A的例子).However, others argue that _ (观点B). They point out that _ (重申观点B) for the reason that _ (支持观点B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to _ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2） My View 型（1）模版一When

26、asked about _ (主题), some people hold the idea that _ (观点A). As far as they are concerned, _ (展开观点A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, _ (观点B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place, _ (支持观点B的理由1). In the second place, _ (支持观点B的理由2). In th

27、e third place, _ (支持观点B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe _ (重申观点B).（2）模版二Some people believe that _ (观点A). For instance, they hold the idea that _ (支持观点A的例子). And it may bring them _ (A带给他们的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _ (我不同意的理由

28、1). For another, _ (我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that _ (重申自己的观点).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer _ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.

29、 On the one hand, _ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, _ (主题的优点2).But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, _ (主题的缺点2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far out

30、weigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, _ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into realit

31、y. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of _ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, _ (原因1). Furthermore, _ (原因2). Eventuall

32、y, _ (原因3).Good as _ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that _ (缺点例子1). In addition, _ (缺点例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate _ (主题现象) and make

33、 our life more comfortable.A Campaign Speech1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席的工作；2如果你当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。On Students Selecting Their LecturersNowadays many universities （1）entitle the students to choose freely the teachers for some courses, （2）which is welcomed by most students, and is becoming the focu

34、s of the students and teachers concern. （3）There are many factors which will influence the students choosing a teacher. （4）First of all, （5）it is generally accepted that a teachers professional knowledge and ability is the most important factor, since students choose his course to learn knowledge. （

35、4）Moreover, （5）quite a few students think teaching methods and skills are essential to a good teacher. He must know how to teach. （4）In addition, a teachers humor sense is also often an important factor many students will consider. Undoubtedly, free choosing of teachers （6）are very beneficial to bot

36、h teachers and students. （7）On one hand, it can provide a good chance for a teacher to prove and show his ability. （7）On the other hand, by this way, students can choose teachers they like and obtain more initiative in learning. （8）However, since it is a free choice, few excellent teachers will beco

37、me the focus of most students choosing, （9）which will lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously. （满分作文参考一）Shouldtheuniversitycampusbeopentotourists?University campuses, especially those renowned/famous/well-known/celebrated/outstanding universities, have recently bec

38、ome the new tourist attractions. Pros and cons have been put forword concerning this new phenomenon. Some people are quite in favor of the campuss opening to tourists while others are opposed to it. The opening of campus will stimulate the tourist industry, but the easier access to campus will lead

39、to some accidents or safety problems which will interfere in students life. In my opinion, campuses can be open to tourists once a week, for instance, on Saturdays or Sundays. This suggestion, I believe, is quite feasible because it could kill two birds with one stone. For one thing, campuses could

40、attract many tourists on weekends, thus boosting the tourism. For another, restricted opening of campus will beneficially narrow the gap between the campuses and the outside of the world. Furthermore, this will also attract more public attention and build a great reputation for the university. （满分作文

41、参考二）Range-finders:No.1: As the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers. This program will focus on teaching farmers children at Yu Cai School. It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to h

42、elp them improve their English. Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience. Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon. The program will start on July 10th and end on July 30th. The Student Union will arrange b

43、uses to take you to the school. We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English. Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 654321 or email us at . You are welcome to join us. Students UnionNo.2:To students: As the summer vac

44、ation is near at hand, our schools student union plans to organize a voluntary activity. Now we are recruiting volunteers. This activity aims at building friendships between our school and Duke University. 20 students from Duke will visit our school as exchanged students. We need 20 students to take

45、 them to look around our campus and introduce our university. During the visiting, those foreign students will stay in the volunteers homes. Our arrangement is that you should be in school on July 10th to meet the students and have an acquaintance with them and introduce our school. For the rest 9 d

46、ays, you just arrange it by yourself. Our requirements are: first, you should be a local student. Second, you should have a spare room in your home. Last, a good command of English is a necessity. If there is still some questions or you want to be the volunteer please call 12345678. Students UnionNo

47、.3:In order to color the students life in summer holidays, students union has planned an outdoor activity. So now I tell you volunteers needed. This summer will be hard but meaningful for the volunteers since we go to Yunnan province to do some teaching for the poor children. Volunteers could only l

48、ive in the native homes. Except beautiful sightseeing, 7-day life and without TV, air condition, even lights would be a big chalenge for you this time. Two days helping the farmers to harvest follows five days teaching, there will be no rest for you to go anywhere else. For this tough trip, we need

49、some students with great enthusiastic for helping others and responsible for whatever he does. We have no limit for your school score but your keen heart. Those apply for this activity should send an Email to . We should have an interview at the end of this term. Remember the sincere smile from the poor children is waiting for you. Students UnioNo. 4:Every student: The students organization of the school will hold a plan in July of the summer holiday. Now we need