英美文学鉴赏-PPT课件(PPT 55页)

1、英美文学鉴赏第1页，共55页。1.Jeffery Chaucer(1340-1400) Father/founder of English Poetry was buried in “poets corner” in Westminster AbbeyMajor works: The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰传奇The Parliament of Fowls百鸟议会Troilus and Criseyde 特鲁伊罗斯和克里塞德The Legend of Good Women好女人传The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集2第2页，共55页。The Cante

2、rbury TalesThe story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury.A rich, tapestry (织锦) of medieval social life combining elements of all classes, from nobles to workers, from priests and nuns to drunkards and thieves.3第3页，共55页。The Canterbury Tales1. london dialect 伦敦方言2. heroic

3、couplet英雄双韵体3.iambic pentameter五音步抑扬格4. order of words 语序5. humor, satire and irony 幽默与讽刺艺术4第4页，共55页。The General Prologue （总序） The General Prologue consists of character sketches of each member of the group that is going to CanterburyThe setting(P3-4)The Prioress 女修道院副院长(P4-5)irony 反讽secular 世俗的hypo

4、critical 虚伪的5第5页，共55页。2.William Shakespeare (1564-1616)RenaissanceMeaning:rebirth or revivalTime: began in the 14th century, end in the 17th century.Place: began in Italy, later spread to France, Spain and England.A keen interest in the Greek and Latin culture; the art and science of ancient Greece

5、and Rome were being born again after long years of neglect.Essence: humanism6第6页，共55页。William ShakespeareWorks37 plays2 long narrative poems154 sonnets7第7页，共55页。大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静8第8页，共55页。William ShakespeareDrama: Tragedies- Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Othello, Romeo and JulietComedies- As You Lik

6、e It, The Merchants of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dream，The Taming of the Shrew, Twelfth Night Histories- Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VIII, Richard III, Romances/tragicomedies:Cymbeline, The Tempest9第9页，共55页。HamletCharacters: Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Poloni

7、us, LaertesPlot(P10-11)ThemeAct III, Scene I“To be or not to be”(P11-12)Soliloquy(内心独白) （P16）10第10页，共55页。William Shakespeare :SonnetA sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter五音步抑扬格 , restricted to a definite rhyme scheme韵律 .Three types of sonnet1) Petrarchan sonne

8、t (彼特拉克体/意大利十四行诗 )2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚/英国体十四行诗11第11页，共55页。Shakespearian Sonnet3 quatrains + a coupletabab cdcd efef ggSonnet 18(P14)“Shall I compare thee to a summers day?”Theme: A nice summer day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever.

9、Thus Shakespeare expresses his faith in the permanence of poetry, of art and love.Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification12第12页，共55页。Artistic achievements Characterization: Shakespeares major characters are individuals representing certain types. Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the ch

10、aracters inner world. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairsContrasts plot construction: Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot; instead, he borrows them. There are usually several clues running through the play, thus providing the story with the suspense and apprehension. Language: diff

11、erent poetic forms, such as the sonnet, the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. rich in vocabulary and idiom. 13第13页，共55页。3.John Milton(1608-1674)English poet in 17th centuryBoth his life and his works are closely related to politicsHe became completely blind in 1652Major works:Paradise LostParadise

12、 RegainedSamson Agonistes14第14页，共55页。Paradise Lostepic 史诗blank verse无韵诗Plot(P21-22)Satans Adjuration (P22-23)The image of Satan/God15第15页，共55页。Sonnet On His Deceased Wife(P24)To his second wife Katherine Woodcockabba abba cdcdcd16第16页，共55页。4.Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)One of the pioneers of the realisti

13、c novel in 18th centuryMasterpiece: Robinson Crusoe (1719)17第17页，共55页。Robinson CrusoeForerunner of the English realistic novelBased on a real story(P30)plot (P30-31)Image of Robinson Crusoe: typical of the English bourgeoisie(资产阶级) of the 18th century：hard-working, iron-willed, persistent, self-reli

14、anttheme:the molding of character through the influence of varied environment; glorifying the human labor; a typical character of English bourgeoisie at the early stages of its development; colonization in germ.(P31)Excerpt:P31-3418第18页，共55页。RomanticismBegins with the publication of Lyrical Ballads

15、(1798) and ends with the death of Sir Walter Scott(1832).Pre-romantic poets: William Blake, Robet BurnsActive romantic poets: George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John KeatsPassive romantic poets/Lake Poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey. 19第19页，共55页。5.William Wor

16、dsworthPoet Laureate 桂冠诗人Collaborate with Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads: a declaration of romanticismDefine Poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”. A worshipper of nature 20第20页，共55页。I Wandered Lonely as CloudStructure: four s

17、ix-line stanzas; iambic tetrameter; rhyme scheme: ababcc; theme: the harmony between things in nature and the harmony between nature and the poet himself/ Nature s beauty uplifts the human spirit.Figures of speech: simile,metaphor, personification21第21页，共55页。6.Jane Austen (1775-1817)The first import

18、ant English woman novelistWriting style:Theme: mostly about love and marriageLanguage: simple, humourous, witty, ironicPlot: straightforward, little actionCharacters: like real living personsDialogues: true to life22第22页，共55页。Jane Austen (1775-1817)She called her work “a fine engraving made upon a l

19、ittle piece of ivory only two inches square” (“两寸牙雕”):A very narrow literary fieldBut within her own field, she is unrivaled: vivid portrait of her major characters and realistic and colorful pictures of the life and manners of the upper middle class in rual England of her time23第23页，共55页。Jane Auste

20、nMajor works: Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺 (1818)Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感(1811)Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见(1813)Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园(1814)Emma 艾玛 (1816)Persuasion 劝导(1818)24第24页，共55页。Pride and Prejudice“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possesion of a good fortune must be in wan

21、t of a wife.”Main characters/plot/themeDialoguesCharacter analysis: Mr. and Mrs. Bennet; Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy; Jane and Mr. BingleyPride/prejudice25第25页，共55页。7.Washington Ivring (1783-1859)Father of American literature.the father of American short stories.the first American writer to gain interna

22、tional game.His writing marks the beginning of Romanticism in American literature26第26页，共55页。Washington IvringMajor worksA History of New York 纽约外史The Sketch Book 见闻札记including:“The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow” 睡谷的传说“Rip Van Winkle”瑞普凡温克尔27第27页，共55页。Rip Van WinkleThe story of Rip Van Winkle begins a

23、bout five or six years before the American Revolution and ends twenty years later.The action takes place in a village in British colonial New York, near the Hudson River and the Catskill Mountains.The character of Rip Van Winkle: A simple, good-natured man; An obedient, henpecked(惧内的) husband; A gre

24、at favorite among neighbors and children;who loathes（厌恶） profitable labor.Language: humorousTheme: the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past28第28页，共55页。8.Brontee sistersCharlotte Brontee: Jane EyreEmily Brontee: Wuthering Heights Anne Brontee: Agnes Grey The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall 29第29页，共55页。Ja

25、ne EyreThe first important governess novel in the English literary historyPlot: five stagesChildhood at GatesheadEducation at the Lowood SchoolAs a governess at ThornfieldWith the Rivers family at Moor HouseHer reunion with and marriage to Rochester at Ferndean30第30页，共55页。Jane EyreDo you think I can

26、 stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?-a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You thi

27、nk wrong!I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal

28、flesh: it is my sprit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal-as we are! 31第31页，共55页。Jane EyreA ground-breaking(开拓性的) novel:The heroine is small, plain, & poorThe heroine is the first female character to claim the right to feel stron

29、gly about her emotions and act on her convictions（信念）3. It is the first governess novel in the history of English literature.4. It is a work of critical realism as well as the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle- class women.32第32页，共55页。Wuthering HeightsCharacters:Wuthering

30、 Heights vs Thrushcross Grangeplottheme:love, class, revengeExcerpt:chapter 9(P91-96)33第33页，共55页。Mr. LintonMr. EarnshawIsabellaEdgarCatherineHeathcliffHindleyLittle Catherine(Cathy)Little LintonHareton34第34页，共55页。9.Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)An eventless lifeRemain single all her life1,800 poems alt

31、ogether, but only 7 were published while she was aliveThemes: death and immortality;nature; love; truth, beauty,etc.35第35页，共55页。Emily DickinsonPoems:Because I could not stop for death(P116-117)Structure: six 4-line stanzasTheme: death leads to immortalityForm: unconventional dash; capital letterFigu

32、res of speech: metaphor; personificationI Died for beauty-but was scarce(P118)Theme: beauty and truth are ultimately oneIm Nobody!(P119)Somebody/nobody/frog/bog36第36页，共55页。Style A: Her poems have no titles, hence the first line of each poem is always quoted as the title of each poem.B: particular st

33、ress pattern: dash“ ”C: Capital letters as a means of emphasis;D: Language: brief, direct, and plain;E: Poem: short, always on original images or symbols F: Short poetic lines, condensed by using intense metaphors and by extensive use of ellipsis.37第37页，共55页。10.Mark Twain (1835-1910) Related literar

34、y terms:Local colorism(乡土文学):as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s, it is defined as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native. In literature, regionalism or local colo

35、r referts to fiction or poetry that focuses on specific featureincluding characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscapeof a particular region. Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of colloquialism in his novels which is best described as “vernacular”.38第38页，共55页。Mark TwainThe Gilded Age

36、(镀金时代): the term was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. In American history, the Gilded Age refers to substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of Americas upper-class during th

37、e post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century.39第39页，共55页。Mark TwainThe Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventure of Huckleberry FinnThe Prince and the PauperThe Cop and the AnthemRunning for GovernorThe 1,000,000 Bank-NoteThe Innocents AbroadThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calav

38、eras CountyThe Gilded AgeLife on the Mississippi40第40页，共55页。Mark TwainThe Adventure of Huckleberry FinnPlotThemeMain charactersWriting style: humor;local colorism;vernacularExcerpt(P124-129): How Huck escapes from his father41第41页，共55页。11.Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)In 1954, he was awarded the Noble

39、Prize for literature.Deeply depressed and tormented by failing artistic and physical power, he committed suicide on July2, 1961.He is the spokesman for the Lost Generation. 42第42页，共55页。Major worksThe Sun Also Rises (1926) 太阳照常升起A Farewell to Arms (1929)永别了，武器For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)丧钟为谁而鸣The O

40、ld Man and the Sea (1952)老人与海（Pulizer Prize, Nobel Prize）43第43页，共55页。Ernest HemingwayHemingways hero is usually isolated, and fights a good fight. There is a particular term for his character, “the code hero/man”(硬汉形象)。（P166）He thinks a writer should write little, so that readers can understand much

41、 more. This is calles Iceberg Principle(冰山原则). （P166）44第44页，共55页。The Old Man and the Sea“Life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity；man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually.” 人生不过是一场注定失败的战斗。但人们可以主导这场战斗，化损失为尊严。人的肉体可以被毁灭

42、，但精神永不败。 At the end of the story, is the old man defeated? Why or why not?45第45页，共55页。12.Toni Morrison(1931-)A famous African American woman writerWon the Nobel Prize in literature in 1993Her novels mainly deal with the problems of black women defining their roles and striving to survive in a male d

43、ominated society.46第46页，共55页。Toni MorrisonMajor works:The Bluest Eye(1970)Song of Solomon(1977)Tar Baby(1981)Beloved(1987)Jazz(1992)47第47页，共55页。Figures of speechSimile 明喻Metaphor 暗喻Personification拟人Hyperbole夸张Repetition重复Parallelism排比Allusion 典故48第48页，共55页。Terms of poetry1. stanza 诗节2. meter 格律3. foot 音步4. pentameter 五音步5. iamb 抑扬