Module 3 Foreign Food Grammar 课件 高中英语外研版选修八（2022年）

1、Module 3 Foreign FoodTo review attributes and attributive clauses1. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served.2. Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down.3. The first time I saw a three-year-old kid cheerfully chewing a chicke

2、ns head I had bad dreams for weeks. 4. At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes.Work in pairs. Look at the sentences and answer the questions about the underlined words or phrases.5. I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.6. The things inside sand

3、wiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed food.(a) Can you find examples of these parts of speech: 1 adjectives 2 numbers 3 pronouns 4 infinitive verbs 5 nouns(b) Which words and phrases come before the noun they describe and which come after it?colourful/ big/ three-year-old/ bad/

4、baked/ various/ mashed/ vast/ totaltuna/ cheese/ a chickenseach/ theirto be servedeight or nineAdjectives, numbers, pronouns and nouns come before the noun they describe, while the infinitives come after the noun.定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。充当定语的有: 形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、动

5、词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、介词短语和从句。定语定语的位置有两种：一种是前置定语，位于中心词之前，此时定语多为单个的词或复合词；另一种是后置定语，位于中心词之后，此时定语多为词组或从句。英语中两个或两个以上的单词作定语放在中心词前共同修饰一个名词，其基本次序是由小范围到大范围，由次要意义到主要意义，由程度弱到程度强，由一般到专有。意思越具体，物质性越强，就越接近名词。限定词数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)描绘词大小、长短、高低等形体新旧颜色国籍材料名词the advanced foreign experience 外国的先进经验the ancient Chinese write

6、r 中国古代的作家the three Japanese cities 三座日本城市a young American artist 一位年轻的美国艺术家a small round wooden table 一张木头小圆桌a nice little old black Japanese leather bag一个小的漂亮的黑色的日本旧皮包形容词作定语：e.g. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served. His deeds moved everyone present.注意：不定代词so

7、mething，anything，everything，nothing的定语要放在后面。e.g. There is something wrong with my watch. 数词作定语相当于形容词：e.g. English is spoken as an official language in over sixty countries throughout the world. Over two hundred auto workers are out on strike.代词作定语：e.g. Our government tries every possible means to sa

8、tisfy our needs.介词短语作定语：e.g. Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.名词或名词所有格作定语：e.g. I still remember what I ate: a fish and cheese sandwich. In many homes, the willow pattern plates (named after the willow tree in the center of the design) are kept for special occasions, when important guests

9、 come to dinner. Where is the presidents office?副词作定语：e.g. The noise outside woke him up. The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.不定式作定语：e.g. The letters to be delivered to the manager arrived five minutes ago. He is always the first person to leave the o

10、ffice.动词-ing形式作定语：e.g. The rising sun in the early morning looks bigger than the one at noon. Do you know the girl dancing over there?动词-ed形式作定语：e.g. There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. The man badly wounded in the stomach lay on the ground, motionless.从句作定语：e.g. The perfect host is the one

11、who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.Rewrite the sentences below with words or phrases from the box, and make adjectival phrases. Change any other words if necessary.a number of strange-looking compl

12、ete green online some wonderful well-cooked1 The dinner party was a success.The dinner party was a complete success.a number of strange-looking complete green online some wonderful well-cooked2 The dish contained fruits that I had never seen before.3 There were smells coming from the kitchen.The dis

13、h contained a number of strange-looking fruits that I had never seen before.There were some wonderful smells coming from the kitchen.a number of strange-looking complete green online some wonderful well-cooked4 I only like meat.5 Have you ever tried shopping using your computer?I only like well-cook

14、ed meat.Have you ever tried online shopping using your computer?6 You should eat lots of vegetables. Theyre good for you.You should eat lots of green vegetables. Theyre good for you.Rewrite the sentences. Use the infinitive, -ing form or -ed form.He cooks dishes that use a lot of ginger.He cooks dis

15、hes using a lot of ginger.1 Do you know the people who are coming to dinner tonight?2 These are the dishes which will be cooked tonight.Do you know the people coming to dinner tonight?These are the dishes to be cooked tonight.3 I wanted to use the recipe that your mother recommended to me.4 You must

16、 come to the banquet which we will hold tomorrow. I wanted to use the recipe recommended by your mother. You must come to the banquet to be held tomorrow. 5 The party we are going to hold tomorrow is very important; its my parents wedding anniversary.6 I like to cook dishes that contain a lot of veg

17、etables.The party to be held tomorrow is very important. Its my parents wedding anniversary.I like to cook dishes containing a lot of vegetables.1. The rules arent obvious for the foreign visitor who has been invited to a party.2. If you eat up all the food which is on the plate, you are paying a co

18、mpliment to the chef.3. If theres something that I want, is it OK to ask for it?Look at the sentences. Answer the questions about the underlined words.(a) Which word refers to a person?(b) Which word refers to a thing?(c) Which word can be used instead of which or who?(d) In which sentence can the u

19、nderlined word be left out?whowhich/ thatthatSentence 31. 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。2. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3. 引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。 关系代词: who, whom, whose, that, which, as 关系副词: when, where, why定语从句如果先行词是指人, 用who, whom, whose, that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物, 用that, which, whose引导。关系代词:1. who指人, 作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。 e.g. The m

20、an who I talked with is our teacher. 我谈论的这个人是我们的老师。 A person who steals things is called a thief. 偷东西的人叫贼。2. whom指人, 作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)。 e.g. The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr Li. 我对他点头的那个男人是李先生。 The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 对我点了点头的人是李教授。3. which指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)。 e.g

21、. These are the trees which were planted last year. 这是去年种的那些树。 This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. 他正在用的这台录音机是日本制造的。Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?这个是你借书的图书馆吗？注意: 介词提前时只能用which 而不能用 that。4. that指人/物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)。

22、 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。 He is the man (that) I told you about. 他是我告诉你的那个男人。5. whose在定语从句作定语 e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen last week. 他就是上周汽车被偷走的那个人。It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose的先行词常用来指

23、人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念, 这时可以与of which 结构互换。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow. 我确信她有你要借的东西。(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 Ive read all the bo

24、oks that are not mine. 我已经读了的所有的书都不是我的。(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that he has read. 这是他读的第一本书。(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 只有这本书属于他。在下列情况下只用which, 不用that。1. 引导非限制性定语从句。 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the y

25、oungest film director in the world. 他制作了一部短片，这使他赢得了世界上最年轻的电影导演的称号。2. 直接作介词的宾语。 Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 当许多人记起电影中人们被鲨鱼吃掉的场景时，便不敢在海里游泳。3. 避免与that重复。关系副词的用法关系副词指代所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否1) This is th

26、e factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.2) The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.3) We visited the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. We visited the house where Lu Xun on

27、ce lived. 关系副词where：where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词, 并在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。e.g. This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which(=in the house)=1) Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland

28、.2) The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.关系副词when：3) There was a time. The businessman lost heart at that time. There was a time when the businessman lost heart.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词, 并在定语从句中作时间状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。e.

29、g. Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on which(=on the day)=We still remembered the days when we travelled together.in which(=in the days)=why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。e.g. That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.关系副词why： 如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词(1) 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；

30、而不及物动词则要用关系副词。 e.g. I will never forget the beautiful days which we spent together. 我永远不会忘记我们在一起度过的美好的日子。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的那些日子。(2) 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。定语从句引导词的选择要由引导词在从句(注意：不是主句)中所作的成分决定。引导词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语，选择关系代词(who，who

31、m，that，which，whose)；引导词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词(where为地点状语，when为时间状语，why为原因状语)。1 Salad is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving, while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.2 But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat.3 The menu included asparagus, which

32、his guest had never eaten before.4 The perfect host is the one who saves his guests from embarrassment.5 The willow tree, which gives its name to the plate, has two songbirds flying overhead.Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Which words do the underlined parts refer to?(b) Which clause

33、adds essential information about the subject?(c) Which clause adds extra information about the subject?(d) Which punctuation mark separates a non-defining clause from the subject?They refer to the nouns which precede them.The ones in Sentences 1, 2 & 4 (defining clauses)The ones in Sentences 3 & 5 (

34、non-defining clause)A comma.限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 书写时不用逗号和主句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 只是对先行词的补

35、充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 译法上 译成先行词的定语：“的 ” 通常译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 1. 作宾语时可省略1. 不可省略 2. 可用that 2. 不用that 3. 可用who 代替whom 3. 不可用who 代替whom e.g. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了，生病后就死了。 (去掉从句，主句的意义仍然完整：他的狗生病死了。) Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seeme

36、d to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了，他好像很忙。 (去掉从句，意义仍然完整：昨天我碰上李雷了。)Ken HomKen Hom is a Chinese-American cook (1)_ is very well-known in both Britain and America. He was born in Tucson, Arizona, (2)_ his Cantonese parentslived after moving to America in the 1920s. As he grew up, he found American food terribl

37、e compared to his mothers cooking, Complete the passage with the words in the box.how in which that where which who whom whosewho/thatwhereso she sent him to school with a box (3)_ she put hot rice and vegetables much better than the sandwiches (4)_ his friends had for lunch. At age 11. Ken went to

38、work in his uncles Chinese restaurant and learned (5)_ to cook everything. At university he gave cooking lessons to earn money. His first lessons were to a rich politicians wife (6)_ he taught to make Italian pasta dishes, in whichthat/which howwhomhow in which that where which who whom whosealthoug

39、h he soon went back to his great interest in Chinese food. Ken Hom, (7)_ first book was about Chinese cooking techniques, is now a famous cook. He wrote an article for a newspaper and from there, he got his first TV programme, (8)_ was a big success. Since then he has written more than 12 books and

40、had four TV series.whosewhichhow in which that where which who whom whose选用正确的关系词填空。China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020.新课标全国I卷)In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020.新

41、课标全国III卷)wherewhose 3. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759. (2020. 全国新高考I卷)which/that 4. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free. (2020.江苏卷)A. Whose B. which C. when D. whom5. Thank you for your