微软研究院讲师培训资料(英文版)（PPT72页）

1、21 Secrets to Becoming A Good SpeakerKai-Fu LeeManaging DirectorMicrosoft Research, China 精品资料网1We Present Every Day!Not just conference talks.Product group meetingsBillG / TAB meetingsPreamble to a demoConvince a product group to be interestedPresent patent to a lawyerPresent a group result at offs

2、ite“Elevator” talks 精品资料网2But Im not good at it.Presentation skills can be acquired.Examples:Bill GatesKai-Fu Lee 精品资料网3What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker. 精品资料网4What is Communication Skills?Verbal (words

3、spoken)Vocal (tone, range, appeal, credibility of voice)Visual (physical appearance, clothing, gestures, eye contact)7%38%55%CommunicationSkills 精品资料网5“Without effective delivery, a speech of the highest mental capacity can be held in no esteem.With effective delivery,even one with moderate abilitie

4、s maysurpass those of the highest talent.”- Cicero “The man who can think and does not knowhow to express what he thinksis at the level of him who cannot think.”- PericlesThe Importance of Communication Skills 精品资料网6Communication Skills = Fake?Most important factor is PASSION!If youre passionate, yo

5、ur vocal & visual skills will come naturally.Passion could come from subject, experience, or environment.“There is just one sure cure for bad speeches Get truly excited on the subject, and 99 percent of the faults of your speaking will disappear.”- Robert Montgomery But there are skills to be learne

6、d.Like reading, writing, typing.Must learn this, if you want your work to be understood! 精品资料网7Verbal SkillsBe simple and clear!Dont ramble.Stop to think if you need to.Example one: Dan Quayle celebrates democracy:Example two: Dan Quayle trying to say “A mind is a terrible thing to waste” 精品资料网8Verb

7、al SkillsSpeaking is not like writing!Use simple words.Dont use complex sentences.Can you understand this: Dont use ambiguous words in speech. 精品资料网9Vocal SkillsProject & resonate your voice.No “UM”s and “ER”s. (Pause instead).Silence is a tool (To draw attention). 精品资料网10Vocal SkillsPlay your voice

8、 with pitch and tempo.To amplify a point, slow down, speak loudly, exaggerate inotation, pause in the right places.“You are right. I am wrong” Stalin to Trotsky“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”- John F. KennedyBAD EXAMPLE : “I welcome this kind of exami

9、nation, because people have to know whether their president is a crook. Well, Im not a crook.”- Richard M. NixonDont use it everywhere! 精品资料网11Vocal Skills : Same message; many ways to deiverJohn Kennedy:“You need to contribute to your country”“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you

10、can do for your country”.Quayle vs. Benson Debate:Quayle: I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency. Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. S

11、enator, youre no Jack Kennedy.“ 精品资料网12Vocal Skills : EnthusiasmPassion & Enthusiasm!If youre not passionate, why should we care?Example: Martin Luther KingI have a dream.That one dayThis nation will rise upLive up to the true meaning to its creed:We hold these truths to be self-evidentThat all men

12、are created equal. 精品资料网13Visual SkillsVisual Skills THE most importantAppear trustworthy & respectful.US Election 1960 was won on visual skills.Components of Visual SkillsEyesBodyHandsFace 精品资料网14Visual Skills EyesLook forward at audience (trust)Dont shift eyeballs; dont look in corner.Dont look to

13、o much at computer screen or your notes.Look at peoples faces (not eyes)3-6 seconds per person.Shift randomly.Nod, smile, use facial expression. 精品资料网15Visual Skills BodyStand up when talking.Walk around = informal.Dont:Rock, shake, lean too much. 精品资料网16Visual Skills HandsGesture complements talk.S

14、hould come naturally, without thinking.Make sure they match!Need to exaggerate a littleEspecially with large audience.Dont fidget or put in pocket.Videotape whole talk & watch. 精品资料网17Visual Skills FaceShow emotion!Most of the time:“I care a lot about this.”“I really believe in this.”“I love my work

15、.”Sometimes (in response to questions).“This is the most outrageous thing Ive ever heard.”“I will have nothing to do with this.” 精品资料网18What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker. 精品资料网19Preparing the TalkAlways O

16、VERPREPARE!Preparation includes:Researching the background.Organizing the talk.Writing the slides.Rehearsing the talk.Last minute things. 精品资料网20Researching the BackgroundWhen youre invited, find out:How long is the talk?Whats the topic?(Say no if you dont care about the topic).Whos the audience.Onc

17、e you say yes, you are COMMITTED to do a great job. 精品资料网21Organizing the TalkYoure the salesman.First lesson for salesmen:“Tell them what youre going to say.Say it.Tell them what you said” Very similar to your paper! 精品资料网22The Central Message (it)People will not remember everything.Have ONE clear

18、walk-away message.What do you want people to remember in 3 months?The answer to the question: “How was the talk?”Repeat it! 精品资料网23The OpeningSay something provoking!Give a (very short) outline/overview. 精品资料网24The SubstanceLogical.Convincing.Help them remember the message!Anticipate doubts & remove

19、 them.Smooth transitions Dont lose the audienceOK to re-order the sub-topics.Keep repeating the message! 精品资料网25The EndingEnd with a BANG!Repeat the message.Say thank you. 精品资料网26Writing the Visuals (PowerPoint)Prepation (80% time)First prepare outline (recommend : Word).Then modify outline for:Logi

20、c onvincing, flow, transitions.Actual Slide Writing (20% time)Should come almost directly from the outline. 精品资料网27Use of Visuals (PowerPoint)Visuals only support your talk.Spend more time on your talk!Simple and clear1 idea; 3 sub-concepts; = 6 lines.Readable Big & color-coordinated.Dont read from

21、the slides! 精品资料网28What if Talk is ComplexDont lose people.Use grayed out outline.If idea is complex:Try really hard to avoid complex slides, butIf you must use it, use layers (prevent read-ahead & lack of focus).Remember to change slides for printing.Example. 精品资料网29If you must use complex layersa

22、good exampleContent ServerProxy ServerClients3. return content1. open connection & send requestContent re-authoringClient/UserprofilesAdaptationschemesNetworkmonitoringCaching &pre-fetchingmanagement2. retrieve content 2. retrieve content 3. retrieve network data, user/client profiles4. perform adap

23、tation5. return content1. open connection & send request 精品资料网30Use of Demos / MultimediaKeeps the talk interesting.Dont overdo it.Should be tied to content.Ordering : 2,N, N-1, N-2,.3, 1 精品资料网31Rehearsing Your TalkRecord & listen to every talk at least twice!Record:Best : PowerPoint features.OK : T

24、ape recorder.Must do sometime :VideoAsk experienced speaker to critique.Improve:Style, logic, timing per slide. 精品资料网32Get the Timing Right!Running out of time is a disaster.Write how much time should remain on each slide. 精品资料网33After youre more experienced.No longer necessary to record.Every new t

25、alk still must be rehearsed.Bring notes if you arent confident. 精品资料网34Just Before the Talk.Prepare something matching the occasion.Make sure youre not too tired:Get enough sleep the previous night.Drink 3 cups of coffee! 精品资料网35What Youll Learn Today:Communication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering

26、 the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker. 精品资料网36Delivering the TalkOvercoming language barrier.Overcoming nervousness. Art of Good Opening & ending.HumorAudience participation 精品资料网37Overcoming Language BarrierPerfect English not necessary.Know your limitations.Dont use fancy word

27、s, complex sentences.Dont take any chance of looking silly.OK to bring cheat notes! 精品资料网38Outline & ScriptAlways make an outline.PowerPoint notes; Word Outline.Dont have to use it.It may be best to READ a speech.No excuse not to be fluent! (practice!)Dont stare at paper.(Memorize it if youre prefer

28、). 精品资料网39Overcoming Nervousness“Do the thing you fearand the death of fear is certain.”- Ralph Waldo Emerson 精品资料网40Hiding NervousnessIt is possible to hide nervousness!Dont let the shaking show!Make a fist; hold the lectern.Speak loudly.Take a deep breath.Look at a friendly face.Look above peoples

29、 heads. 精品资料网41Art of Good Opening & EndingOpeningSay something relevant to the occasion.Need to research background before the talk.Ending“If you remember only one thing from this talk, then you should remember XXX”. 精品资料网42HumorGood humor:Respectful.Relevant (better yet: original).Short.Plan your

30、jokes:Remember what worked.Use it again! 精品资料网43HumorHow to tell a joke?Set up (people should know a joke is coming up).Pause after climax (punch line).Move on naturally if no reaction! 精品资料网44Audience ParticipationBest way for people to remember!Ask audience a questionAnticipate their answer(s)!Res

31、pond with something interesting AND relevant. 精品资料网45Be YourselfLearn the skills; dont copy the styles.You must be yourself to be credible.Many styles could be effective:Bill Gates Brilliant technologistSteve Ballmer Powerful salesmanSteve Jobs Passionate evangelist 精品资料网46What Youll Learn Today:Com

32、munication skillsPreparing the TalkDelivering the TalkHandling Q&A21 secrets to becoming a good speaker. 精品资料网47Q&AQ&A is your chance to:Amplify your points.Increase your credibility. 精品资料网48Dealing with QuestionsEasy QuestionsAmplify your points!Hard QuestionsNo need to answer directly.But dont hid

33、e!Narrow QuestionsTake offline. 精品资料网49Q&A Giving A Good AnswerRespect the listenerRight body languageRepeat the questionComplete if people cannot hear.Paraphrase to help amplify your point.If people are too shy, you start!Dont argue or dismiss a question. 精品资料网5021 Secrets#1 Anybody can learn to give a good talk. 精品资料网5121 Secrets#2 Dont give a talk unless youre passionate. 精品资料网5221 Secrets#3 Use simple and clear words. 精品资料网5321 Secrets#4 Play your voice to focus on key points. 精品资料网5421 Secrets#5 Silence is a great tool.