第12讲阅读与表达二

1、阅读与表达（二）he 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart diseasehe world and bein public-healtherweight was its main cause. Not any more. ASECTION 1:n has grey reduced the number of heart diseaseWeve reached a strangesome would say unusualpo. Whiledeaths by 80 per cent over the past thr

2、ee decades.fighting worldger continues to be the matter of vital importanceMaybet explains why the percentage of people in Finland takingaccording to a recent report from the World Healthanization (WHO),diet pills doubled betn 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery ofmore people now die from

3、beinerweight, or say, from being extremelyremoving fat inside and change the shof the body.se afat,n from being underweight. Its the good lifets more likely tosort o country.shion. No wonder it rs as the worlds most body-consciouskill us these days.Worse, nearly l8 million children underof five arou

4、nd the on?We know what we should beng to lose weightbut actuallyng itworld are estimated to be overwei ht. Whatsoinis another matter. By far the most popular excuse is not taking enoughWe really donve many excuses for our weight problems. Theexercise. Moren half of us admit we lack willer.dangers of

5、 the problem have been drilledo us by public-healthns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a po.Others blame good food. They say: its just too inviting and it makes them1.What is the “strange” pomentionedhesentence?overeat. Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complainingtA. Th

6、e good life is a greater riskn the bad life.B. Starvation (挨饿） is taking more peoples livespounds havled onnks to eating too much American-style fast food.he world.Some also blame their parentstheir genes. But unfortunay, theC. WHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.parents are wronged

7、because theyre normal in sh, or rather slim.D. Overweight ie remains unresolved despite WHOs efforts.Its a similar stor around the world, althou h people are relativelunlikely to have tried to lose weight. Parents are eager to see their kids2. The example of Finland is used to illustrate （阐释） .A. th

8、e cause of heart diseaseshup. Do as I saynot as I do.B. the fashion of body shaC. the effectiveness of anD. the history of a body-conscious（关心的） country1Why are Denise and Marmentionedhe text?t.（第一段）Advertisers( the law to make false s商) will sometimes use half-truths. Its against ements so they try

9、 to mislead you with the truth.Jane and Davids story is used to showAn advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised theirWhy did the writer cite () Samuel Pepys?patients to take Yucky Pills to cure tooche.” It fails to mentiontThe writer uses the example of “ocelots” to showt.they only

10、asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.52. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?A. False sements are easy to see through.B Half-truths are often used to misleeople.C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.D. Advertisements are based on facts.The ex

11、ample of Finland is used to illustrate （阐释） .the cause of heart diseasethe fashion of body shaWe really donve many excuses for our weight problems. The dangers ofthe problem have been drilledo us by public-healthns since 2001and the message is getting throughup to a po.C. the effectiveness of anhe 1

12、970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart diseaseD. the history of a body-conscious countryhe world and beinerweight was its main cause. Not any more. Apublic-health cam ai n has rereduced the number of heart diseasedeaths by 80 per cent over the past three decades.2When historians b

13、egan studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “sleep”, which was not clarified, though. NowSection 2:Have you werized your horse yet? Even though global warming mayscientists areling us our antors most likely slept in separate periods.have made our climate more mild (

14、温和的), many animals are stillThe business of eight hours unerrupted sles a moder n invention.hibernating() . Its too badt humans cant hibernate. In faahe past , without the artifil light of the city to bathe in, humansspecies, we almost did.Apparently, at timeswent to sleep when it became dark and th

15、en woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours .he past, peasants in France liked a semi-seof human hibernation . So writes Gra

16、ham Robb, a British scholar who hasstudied the sleng habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weatherturned cold people all over Franhut themselves away and practiced theAccording to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midni ht is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can e

17、x erience anotherfotten art ofng nothing at all for months on end.In addition, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current,t the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention oflsse of consciousness around their sleng, which occurshe brief periodusbefore we fall asleep or wake our

18、selveshe morning. This period can beartifil() lighting and the electric bulb.an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor,Thomas Edison, used this se to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may2. The late night was

19、 called “The Watch” because it was a time for people.to set traps to catch animalsto wake up their family and neighboursto remind others of the timeset in. Medical science doesnt help muchhis case. It offers us medicinesfor a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural ; however, according to

20、 Warrens theory，it is really the opite of what we need.1 Thxam lf th Fr n ha anthth fa tt.D. to guard againstsible dangersA. people mighte lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation in human sleng habitsWhat is the authors pure in writing the passage?To give a prescription

21、(处方) for insomnia.To advise people to sleep less.C.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. wer was a season for people to sleep for months on endC.Toyze the sleep pattern of modern people.D.To throw new light on human sleep.3（3）The principle （原则）seems right on playgrounds and at bus

22、 stops.Section 3:（1）Weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replathe morals (道德准则） of the queue (waiting your turn)

23、withthe morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).But the morals of the queue do notern all occas. If I put my houseup for sale, I have no duty to accept theoffert comes along, simplybecause its the. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are differentactivities, properlyerned by diff

24、erent standards.（4）Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle shouldapply (适用）. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and（2）Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating （分配） things, and each is appropriate to different activities.over, as

25、you wait on hold when calling your b: “Your call will beansweredhe order in which it was received.” This is essential for theserved,” have an egalitarian (平The morals of the queue, “come,morals of the queue. Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.等主义的) appeal. Theyl us

26、to ignore privilege,er, and deep pockets.（5）But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, someThe example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates.peoples calls are answered faster enables companies to “score”n others. Call center technologying calls and to give faster se

27、rvice tothose jumt come from rich pla. You might call thisephonic queueA. the nesity of patience in queuingB. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertay of allocation principle (分配原则）（6）Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we allocate by merit,

28、others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and otherD. the fairness ofephonic servinon-market ways of allocating goods is so commonodern lifet weWhat is the authors pure in writing the passage?hardly notice it anymore. It is cleart most of the paid qu

29、eue -atjustify (证明是有理的） paying for faster servidiscuss the morals of allocating thingsairports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offi, andnational parks - are recent developments, hardly imaginable threeC.yze the reason for standing in linedecades ago. The disappearance of the queueshese

30、 plamay seem an aveD. criticize the behavior of queue jumentered.4Section 4:小试牛刀One might expectt the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade wouldThose countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developmentsin he

31、alnd education. Its forests , full of wildlife and rare flowers,brin nothin but. ood for the countriest receive the holiday-makers.were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling, a rosy picture is pa

32、ed for the long-term future of the holidayindustry. Every month sees the building of a new hosomewhere, andthrough the forest land. Ancient tacks became majorforevery mon paradise(nother rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last) on earth.the walkers, with the consequent exploiion of preci

33、ous trees and plants.Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growthHowever, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the veryof tourism. The people as well raly feel its effects. Farmland makes waythings tourists want to enjoy.hose countries where there was a rushfor hos, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmerto make quick money out of sea-side holida s over-crowded beaches andis now the servant of some multi-nationalanization; he is no longer histhe concrete jungles of endless hos have begun to lose the